Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of Oncomelania hupensis snails in snail habitats in marshland areas. Methods From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m² per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated. Results A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m², respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ² = 11.646, P < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both P_adjusted values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively. Conclusions Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for O. hupensis snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic osteoporosis is gaining public attention.However,few studies have reported the effect of a high-glucose environment on the osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the corresponding therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether vitamin D3 can restore the osteogenic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a high-glucose environment. METHODS:The viability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay to screen the appropriate vitamin D3 intervention concentration.Under the high-glucose environment,RT-qPCR,western blot assay,immunofluorescence,JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential,alizarin red staining,and β-galactosidase staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential,intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation,mitochondrial membrane potential alteration,and cell senescence of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells after vitamin D3 intervention.The underlying mechanism was also discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Vitamin D3 significantly promoted the proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the range of 0.1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L.(2)High-glucose environment down-regulated the mRNA and protein level expressions of osteogenic-related genes α1-I collagen,alkaline phosphatase,Runt-associated transcription factor 2,and osteocalcin in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,which induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence.(3)Vitamin D3 at an intervention concentration of 10 μmol/L significantly restored the osteogenic phenotype of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells under high-glucose conditions and attenuated intracellular oxidative stress and cellular senescence by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.(4)These findings suggested that the osteogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was reduced in the high-glucose environment,and vitamin D3 could partially improve their osteogenic differentiation ability and reduce cell damage.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis has a high incidence,leading to fracture and other complications.However,existing drugs have great side effects and are difficult to meet the clinical application. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect and potential mechanism of fucoxanthin on osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoid. METHODS:Primary rat osteoblasts were inoculated in 6-well plates.When the cell fusion reached 80%,the cells were divided into four groups:the control group was cultured alone for 24 hours,the glucocorticoid group was intervened with dexamethasone for 24 hours,the fucoxanthin group was intervened with fucoxanthin for 24 hours,and the glucocorticoid + fucoxanthin group was intervened with dexamethasone and fucoxanthin at the same time for 24 hours.After intervention,cell proliferation,apoptosis,intracellular reactive oxygen species level,and protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins,bone formation-related proteins,and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cell counting kit-8 results showed that the cell viability was decreased in the glucocorticoid group compared with the control group(P＜0.05)but increased in the glucocorticoid+fucoxanthin group compared with the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05).JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential staining and flow cytometry assay showed that the percentage of apoptosis increased in the glucocorticoid group compared with the control group(P＜0.05)but decreased in the glucocorticoid+fucoxanthin group compared with the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that compared with the control group,the protein expression of BAX and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase was elevated in the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05),and the protein expression of BCL2,type Ⅰ collagen α1 peptide chain,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,and RUNX2 was decreased in the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05).Compared with the glucocorticoid group,the protein expression of BAX and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase was decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein expression of BCL2,type Ⅰ collagen α1 peptide chain,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,and RUNX2 was elevated(P＜0.05)in the glucocorticoid+fucoxanthin group.Fluorescent probe assay showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level in the glucocorticoid group compared with the control group(P＜0.05)and a decrease in reactive oxygen species level in the glucocorticoid+fucoxanthin group compared with the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay showed that the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 in the glucocorticoid group was decreased compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05);and the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 in the glucocorticoid+fucoxanthin group was elevated compared with that in the glucocorticoid group(P＜0.05).To conclude,fucoxanthin can improve glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis and the expression of bone formation-related molecules by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2.

In western medicine， the small intestine anatomically belongs to the digestive system and is also an important immune organ of the body. The innate immune system of the small intestine consists of a tissue barrier， innate immune cells， and innate immune molecules. The dysfunction of any part can cause metabolic disorders and eventually lead to diabetes. In the pathogenesis of diabetes， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the theory of ''spleen deficiency causing diabetes''， which points out that the impaired spleen function results in inadequate transformation， impaired essence spread， and turbidity by essence accumulation， which is the core pathological link of blood glucose metabolism disorder in diabetes. In terms of the relationship between the small intestine and the spleen， the theory of TCM holds that the small intestine is located in the abdomen and the abdomen is dominated by the spleen. The digestion， absorption， and endocrine functions of the small intestine are also similar to the functions of spleen in governing movement and transformation and spreading essence by virtue of spleen Qi. Therefore， the anatomical and physiological functions of the small intestine in western medicine are closely related to the spleen in TCM. At the same time， the spleen is closely related to the innate immune function of the small intestine in TCM. The spleen participates in the generation and distribution of defense Qi， and the process of defense Qi playing the external function is similar to the process of the activation of the innate immune response. The spleen is also an important organ involved in fluid metabolism， which can cooperate with the lung and kidney to timely remove turbid fluid from the body. It can also work with the stomach as the hub of Qi ascending and descending and regulate the physiological activities of "clear Yang" and "turbid Yin"， so as to ensure the homeostasis of the internal environment of the body， which is the basis for maintaining the normal function of the innate immunity of the small intestine. Therefore， taking "spleen deficiency causing diabetes" as a bridge， the theory of TCM and western medicine were combined to explain the relationship between small intestinal innate immunity imbalance and the pathogenesis of diabetes from the perspective of TCM， which is helpful to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in a deeper level and also provide a new perspective and new way for the prevention and treatment of this disease with TCM.

In order to establish a rapid,specific and sensitive detection method for Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus(SEZ)and to understand the infection status of SEZ in horses ente-ring China,specific primers were designed and synthesized based on the conserved gene comB of standard strain SEZ(ATCC 43079)in this work.Then,the pMD19-T-comB recombinant plasmid was constructed and used as a standard positive template.After that,the fluorescence-based quantitative PCR(qPCR)detection method based on SYBR Green Ⅰ dye was established.Totally,477 equine entry serum samples from 6 countries,including Netherlands,Belgium,Japan,Germa-ny,Argentina and New Zealand,during 2018 to 2023,were randomly selected and detected for SEZ by the qPCR method.Results showed that the established qPCR method had specific amplification for only SEZ,which illustrated a good specificity.Sensitivity test of the method showed that the limited detection amount was 4.58 X101 copies/μL.And the repeatability test showed that the coef-ficient of variation of intra-batch repeatability was less than 0.5％,while the inter-batch repeat-ability was less than 3.0％,which indicated good repeatability and high stability.Retrospective a-nalysis showed that totally 11 of 477 positive samples were detected,with a relatively low positive rate of 2.31％(11/477).Among them,all the 40 samples from Netherlands in 2018 were negative(0/40).In the samples of 2019,one positive was detected from Belgium(1/20),while all other 36 samples which form Japan and Germany were negative.In the samples of 2021,three samples(3/34)from Japan and one sample(1/20)from Argentina were positive,and all the other 40 samples from the Netherlands were negative.In the samples of 2022,76 samples from Netherlands were all negative.While in the 2023,5(5/126)of 126 samples from Netherlands and one(1/88)of 88 from New Zealand were found positive with SEZ.To summarize,The SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR method for the diagnosis of SEZ was successfully established,and it could provide necessary technical support for the rapid quarantine of China's entry-exit and port departments,as well as the epidemiological investigation of the disease.

Diabetes mellitus(DM),as a common and frequently-occurring disease,has become a huge burden of chronic diseases worldwide,whose pathogenesis is very complex and has not yet been fully elucidated.Small intestine is one of important immune organ in body,and relationship between its innate immune function and DM has become forefront of research in medical field.In this paper,role of intestinal innate immunity in pathogenesis of DM is reviewed,including tissue barrier dysfunction of small intestine,dysfunction of intestinal innate immune cells and imbalance of proportion of intestinal innate immune molecules,in order to provide references for future research on related mechanisms.

Objective:To understand the content of fluorine in tea leachate in Shijiazhuang City.Methods:From 2017 to 2019, different varieties of tea (including 7 varieties of green tea, scented tea, dark tea, oolong tea, black tea, white tea, and yellow tea) with high sales volume were purchased at the Shijiazhuang Tea Market. The fluoride content in tea was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method through different soaking time (5, 10, 15, 20 min) and soaking times (1, 2, 3 times).Results:A total of 82 tea samples were detected, including 25 kinds of green tea (30.49%), 5 kinds of scented tea (6.10%), 11 kinds of dark tea (13.41%), 17 kinds of oolong tea (20.73%), 15 kinds of black tea (18.29%), 7 kinds of white tea (8.54%) and 2 kinds of yellow tea (2.44%). After soaking for 20 min, the fluorine contents in tea leachate of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea (40.63, 65.43, 26.39, 58.90 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those in 5 min(23.09, 32.24, 15.77, 32.00 mg/kg, P < 0.05). Taking the fluorine content of the tea leachate soaking for 20 min as the total fluorine content, oolong tea was the highest, with a median of 65.43 mg/kg; black tea was the lowest, with a median of 26.39 mg/kg; The fluorine contents of oolong tea, dark tea and scented tea were significantly higher than that of black tea( P < 0.05). With the increase of soaking times of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, dark tea and white tea, the fluorine contents in tea leachate decreased significantly ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:In this study, the content of fluorine in the oolong tea is the highest, and the lowest is black tea. It is suggested that local residents in Shijiazhuang should drink black tea.

Objective To compare the differences of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and the thickness of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (CP-RNFL) between acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients.Methods Retrospective clinical case control analysis.This study included 38 eyes of 20 acute VKH patients (VKH group) and 37 eyes of 37 acute CSC patients (CSC group).Seventy five eyes of 57 normal healthy subjects,matching patients with age and gender,were collected as control group.The disc RPE angle,the thickness of average CP-RNFL,the nasal,superior,temporal and inferior quadrant CP-RNFL thickness,and ONH parameters including optic disc area,cup area,rim area,C/D area ratio,linear CD ratio (CDR),vertical CDR were measured by 3D-OCT.Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among three groups.Minimum significant difference t test was performed for comparison between two groups.Results The differences of ONH parameters between VKH group and CSC group:29 eyes of VKH group appeared retinal detachment next to disc,only 12 eyes appeared in CSC group.Twenty one eyes of VKH group appeared optic disc hyperemia while none in CSC group.The three groups' disc RPE angles were (138.62± 11.96)°,(154.09±5.85)° and (153.41 ±5.77)°.VKH group were significantly smaller than CSC group (t=-2.05,P=0.00) and control group (t=-1.68,P=0.00),while there was no significant difference between CSC group and control group (t=-1.88,P=0.72).The optic cup area and rim area were significantly bigger in VKH group than in CSC group (t=4.61,2.71;P=0.00,0.01),and the thickness of mean CP-RNFL,all quadrants of CP-RNFL were significantly thicker in VKH group than in CSC group (t=6.25,4.40,3.53,5.48,2.69;P=0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.01).Conclusion Compared with the acute CSC,VKH patients are likely to appear retinal detachment next to disc,their disc RPE angles are smaller,their optic cup area and rim area are bigger,and their CP-RNFL thickness are thicker.

Objective: To explore the influence of cluster nursing intervention on inadequate drainage in vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for inpatients in burn unit. Methods: From October to December 2016, 60 patients, aged (43.6±2.8) years admitted to our department, receiving VSD treatment and conforming to the inclusion criteria, were included in the routine nursing group, and among the patients, 37 cases were male and 23 cases were female. From May to July 2017, 58 patients, aged (44.2±3.2) years admitted to our department, receiving VSD treatment and conforming to the inclusion criteria, were included in the cluster nursing group, and among the patients, 36 cases were male and 22 cases were female. The patients′ medical records were retrospectively analyzed. After VSD treatment, patients in routine nursing group received routine nursing, and patients in cluster nursing group received cluster nursing. A cluster intervention group was formed and headed by a chief surgeon. The cluster nursing plan was formulated and implemented strictly from the following six aspects of material preparation, negative pressure value control and negative pressure mode setting, drainage tube nursing, semi-permeable membrane reinforcement, standardizing changing process and timing of drainage capsule, and health education. During VSD treatment, the incidence of inadequate drainage, reasons of inadequate drainage and the occurrences, occurrences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types and sites, and satisfaction of patients in two groups were observed and calculated. The patient satisfaction items included procedure of drainage capsule replacement, the method of tube fixation, the content and form of health education. Data were processed with independent sample t test and chi-square test. Results: (1) During VSD treatment, the incidence of inadequate drainage of patients in routine nursing group was 43.33% (130/300), which was significantly higher than 17.24% (50/290) in cluster nursing group (χ²=43.350, P<0.01). (2) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage caused by blockage of drainage tube due to scabbing of drainage, low negative pressure, air leakage of semi-permeable membrane, improper changing process of drainage capsule, shedding, compression, reversal of drainage tube of patients in cluster nursing group were 7.93% (23/290), 4.48% (13/290), 1.72% (5/290), 1.03% (3/290), and 2.07% (6/290), respectively, significantly lower than 16.67% (50/300), 11.67% (35/300), 4.33% (13/300), 4.00% (12/300), and 6.67% (20/300) in routine nursing group (χ²=10.379, 22.951, 4.832, 7.840, 7.399, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of burn wounds, trauma wounds, pressure ulcer, venous ulcer in lower limbs, and diabetic foot of patients in cluster nursing group were significantly lower than those in routine nursing group (χ²=17.835, 6.809, 9.478, 4.939, 8.631, P<0.05 or P<0.01). During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types of patients in the same group were close (χ²=0.434, 0.057, P>0.05). (4) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in limbs, trunk, buttocks, and sacrococcyx of patients in cluster nursing group were significantly lower than those in routine nursing group (χ²=31.892, 9.588, 4.939, 4.549, P<0.05 or P<0.01). During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different wound sites of patients in the same group were close (χ²=0.071, 0.069, P>0.05). (5) The satisfaction scores in changing process of drainage capsule, method of tube fixation, content and form of health education of patients in cluster nursing group after VSD treatment were significantly higher than those in routine nursing group (t=5.166, 4.471, 7.958, 8.975, P<0.01). Conclusions Cluster nursing intervention on patients receiving VSD treatment could reduce the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types and sites caused by various reasons. It also can improve patient satisfaction.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level with the occurrence of ischemic stroke and prognosis in the patients with hypertension . Methods Eighty-eight patients with hypertension in this hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were se-lected ,including 34 cases of simple hypertension and 54 cases of hypertension complicating ischemic stroke . The Lp-PLA2 level was detected .The severity of ischemic stroke was evaluated on 1 ,14 d after admission by adopting the NIHSS .The patients with hypertension complicating ischemic stroke were divided into the good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the NIHSS change situation .Moreover the independent predictive factors of prognosis were evaluated by adopting the Logistic multivariate regression .Results The Lp-PLA2 level in the patients with hypertension complicating ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that in the patients with simple hypertension .The Lp-PLA2 level (OR=1 .523 ,95％ CI=1 .323-1 .657) and NIHSS score (OR=3 .275 ,95％ CI=1 .402 -6 .208) at admission were the independent predictive factors of poor prognosis .Conclusion Serum Lp-PLA2 level is closely correlated with the occurrence and prognosis of ische-mic stroke in the patients with hypertension ,which can serve an evaluation index for the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke in the patients with hypertension and provides an objective basis for the clinical therapy .