Objective:To explore the value of direct coronal CT scan for airway disease in children. Methods:The clinical and imaging data of the lung and airway disease of eighty-seven cases were retrospectively analyzed.Chest film(48 with chest fluo- roscopy) the cross and coronal CT scan were performed and confirmed by tracheal endoscopy operation in all cases. Results: The main X-ray signs on chest film(fluoroscopy) and the cross CT were obstructive emphysema obstructive pneumonia or at- electasis. The coronal CT displayed 68(78.2%) cases with foreign body of which 64 cases were positive and 4 cases nega- tive;3(3.4%)cases with tracheal bronchus; 2 of which with the right upper lobe bronchus arising from the tracheal 1case with the apical and posterior segment of the right upper lobe bronchus arising from the tracheal;7(8.0%) cases with tracheal- bronchus Stenosis:1 case with the cross diameter of the tracheal narrow 4 cases with the left bronchus narrow 2 cases with tracheal narrow compressed by esophagitis foreign body;2(2.3%) cases with trachea stenosis associated with tracheal bronchus: 1 case with the cross diameter of the tracheal narrow and the tracheal diverticulum above the carina the other one with the right tracheal-bronchus,then tracheal stenosis above the carina;4(4.6%) cases with bronchitis;2(2.3%) cases with bronchus granuloma.1(1.2%)cases bronchus TB. Conclusion:Axial and Direct coronal CT scanning can demonstrate the cause of some lung and airway diseases,provide evidence for the differential diagnosis in children and be helpful in planning virtual flexible bronchoscopy.

Objective The localization of AQP4 was studied in the brain,especially,in the periventricular organs,such as ependyma,choroid plexues,area postrema(AP) and neurohypophysis,and telencephalon as well as two kinds of endocrine gland:pineal gland and adenohypophysis,so as to provide morphological basis for water transport and balance,the secretion and regulation mechanisms of endocrine gland in the brain. Methods Immunohistochemical staining techniques(LAB-SA,BCIP/NBT) were used. Results AQP4 was most abundantly expressed in the tissues directly contacting with CSF,including the cerebral pia mater,ependyma lining of ventricules and the aqueductal system and choroid plexues.Heavy express of AQP4 was also found in the perivascular glial processes of the brain tissue.In addition,AQP4 was also distributed to the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus,granular cell layer and polymorphic cell layer of dentate gyrus,adenohypophysis(intermedius included) and pineal gland cells as well as the periventricular organs such as area postrema(AP) and neurohypophysis.Conclusion The localization of AQP4 indicates that AQP4 is involved in not only the transport and balance of water,electrolyte metabolism and the regulation of secretion of the endocrine gland,but also in the neuroendocrine activity of the hypothalamus.

With the progress of the medical imaging technology,imaging medicine plays an essential role in medical treatment practice,primarily including the imaging equipment and personnel cultivation。This paper presents some opinions on how to combine imaging technology with personnel and bring modern imaging medicine into full play. Imaging medicine progress is also changing our thought on the diagnosis and treatment,and we should accept new technology and adopt new idea,so as to bring many patients new hope.

According to the characteristics of pediatric resident training, the situation in clinic practice of medical imageology are analyzed and the major problems are pointed out.This article empha sizes significance of standardized resident training of medical imageology, presents detailed requirement which the residents must meet and aims to improve the training effect by the solutions summarized after years of experience.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the improvement of curriculum system of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS:The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges,and the detailed data were collected through questionnaire survey.RESULTS:In the 111 universities and colleges investigated,a total of 51 curriculums(or 399 courses) related to Ph.A were set up.The main curriculums are pharmacy administration(210 courses),pharmaceutical marketing(61 courses),pharmacy laws and regulations(26 courses).In different universities and colleges,the credit hours,semester and property of Ph.A curriculums are different.CONCLUSIONS:The system of Ph.A curriculums has become more and more comprehensive,and the setup of each course suits the need of social needs.But the setup of curriculums of Ph.A in each university or college was far from systematical,and its structure remained to be optimized,and the structure of the teaching materials of Ph.A should be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of sitagliptin and sitagliptin combined with glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly divided into sitagliptin group (group J),glimepiride group (group G) and sitagliptin combined with glimepiride group (group U),group J took sitagliptin,group G took glimepiride,group U took sitagliptin and glimepiride.Before and after treatments,blood glucose and insulin were determined in the fasting and 2-hour blood samples after taking glucose (fasting blood-glucose (FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG),insulin (FIns),2-hour postprandial insulin (2hIns),and glycosylation hemoglobin (HBA1 c) were also determined and homeostasis model assessment was applied to estimate the functions index of islet β cell(HOMA-β).Results The levels of blood glucose and HBA1C in three groups decreased after treatments(FPG,(before treatment:(9.2±3.0),(9.2±2.8),(9.3±3.2) mmol/L),(after treatment:(7.7 ± 3.0),(6.9 ± 2.6),(6.0 ± 2.5) mmol/L),and t values are 2.205,3.203,3.691,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ;2 hPG (before treatment:(14.1 ± 5.7),(14.8 ±6.3),(15.0±6.8) mmol/L),(after treatment:(7.9 ±2.9),(9.0 ±3.1),(7.1 ±3.1) mmol/L),and t values are 3.881,3.159,4.189,P ＜ 0.01 ; HBA1c (before treatment:(8.52 ± 2.01)％,(8.48 ± 1.94)％,(8.56 ±2.27)％,(after treatment:(7.64 ± 1.92)％,(6.81 ± 1.55)％,(6.19 ± 1.84)％),t values are 2.292,2.184,3.269,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) ; HOMA-β in the three groups increased after treatment ((before treatment:1.42 ± 0.07,1.44 ± 0.06,1.41 ± 0.11),(after treatment:1.76 ± 0.14,1.68 ± 0.20,1.85 ±0.17),t values are 2.180,2.073,2.882,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05);levels of HBA1c and blood glucose in group U were lower than those in group J and G(HBA1 c:t values are 2.785,2.138,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ;FPG:t values are 2.252,2.346,P ＜0.05;2hPG:t values are 2.147,2.829,P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05),HOMA-β in which was higher than that of group G(t =2.153,P ＜ 0.05),but with no significant difference compared with group J (t =1.796,P ＞ 0.05),levels of HBA1C,FPG and HOMA-β in group J were higher than those of group G (t values are 2.108,2.202,2.121,P ＜ 0.05),level of 2hPG of group J was lower than that of group G(t =2.307,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sitagliptin provides significant glycaemic control,together with glimepiride,clinical effect of treatment of type 2 diabetes will be enhanced.

OBJECTIVE: To provide suggestion for the construction of teaching staff and the improvement of the discipline of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS: The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges etc,and a questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmacy univeristies or colleges by means of telephone interview or on-the-spot interview etc.RESULTS: A total of 108 pharmacy univeristies or colleges sent back the effective questionnaires.There were a total of 276 Ph.A teachers,including 142 male and 134 female;145 were full-time Ph.A and 131 were part-time teachers.There were only part-time teachers in 63 universities / colleges,of whom,91 were from other teaching or research department of the discipline of pharmacy,24 from party or government administration of school,9 from hospitals,4 from pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises,and 3 from drug administration department.CONCLUSION: The resources of Ph.A teachers are various,and the access qualification is quite low.It isadvisable to strengthen the building of Ph.A faculty and improve the whole level of Ph.A teachers.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the establishment of performance indicator system for evaluating National essential medicines system in China. METHODS:To analyze the theory and approach of policy evaluation and WHO indicators for evaluating national drug policies. A literature study on relevant information was conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:China may refer to WHO framework for the evaluation index system,according to the target of various stages of essential drugs system,in the implementation of our system of essential medicines on the basis of a full investigation,combined with our medical and health background and status,build essential drugs system of performance appraisal system and performance indicators.

Objective To investigate the best time of the mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation after myocardial infarction(MI),in order to provide prophase experimental basis for treatment of the diseases correlating to cadiocyte necrosis by cells transplantation.Methods Thirty New Zealand big-ears albino rabbits,which aging were older than or equal to 36 months were selected(a 36-month rabbit is the advanced age rabbit,equaling a person 60 years old).Model of MI was made by ligating anterior descending branch.The model rabbits were randomly divided into six groups(control group,1 d group,1-week group,2-week group,3-week group;and 4-week group,n=5).200 ?L cells after marked were drawed and injected in multiple positions of myocardium after MI in 1 d group,1-week group,2-week group,3-week group and 4-week group separately.The rabbits in control group were injected with saline of equal quantity.The cardiac functional parameters,blood flow rate of atrioventricular valve and the hemodynamics at eighth week in various groups were measured.Results Compared with control group,the treatment of MSCs transplantation for MI improved the heart function.The cardiac functional parameters,blood flow rate of atrioventricular valve and the hemodynamics in 1 d group was higher than those in control group(P0.05).The cardiac functional parameters,blood flow rate of atrioventricular valve and the hemodynamics in 1-week,2-weeks and 3-weeks groups were better than those in 1 d group(P0.05).Conclusion In the condition of the same cell-density but the different time of MI,the transplantation time window is 1 d-3 weeks after MI,which is advantageous to the amelioration of heart function,the best time of transplantation was 1-3 weeks after MI.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Yigu granule. METHODS:L9(34)orthogonal test was used, using comprehensive scores of transfer rate of icariin,gentiopicroside,loganic acid and yield rate as evaluation indexes,alcohol volume fraction,the amount of solvent,extraction times and extraction time as investigation factors,extraction technology of Yigu granule was optimized,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimized extraction technology was 10-fold 60%ethanol reflux extraction for twice,1 h once. Results of verification test showed,average transfer rates of icariin,gentiopicroside and loganic acid were 81.28%(RSD=1.54%,n=3),48.71%(RSD=2.37%,n=3)and 59.82%(RSD=2.52%,n=3);aver-age yield rate was 31.48%(RSD=1.97%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology for Yigu granule is sta-ble and feasible with good reproducibility,which can provide basis for the follow-up study of production process.