Recent studies demonstrated that immune components including immune cell populations,growth factors,cytokines and angiogenic factors produced by stroma cells as well as tumor cells in tumor microenvironment cooperated with the promotion of the initiation and progression of tumors.In this paper,the research progress of immune microenvironment in tumors has been concluded.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of berberine (BBR) on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin (DIG) in rats.

METHODRats were randomly assigned into DIG, low dose-BBR, middle dose-BBR and high dose-BBR group. After singe or a 2-week ig pretreatment with BBR, serum DIG concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic calculations were performed on each individual set of data using 3P97 practical pharmacokinetic software.

RESULTNo significant difference was found between the control and 10 mg x kg(-1) BBR combined group. After pretreatment with BBR (30, 100 mg x kg(-1)), the pharmacokinetic parameters of ig DIG were significantly altered. The AUC(0-t) of DIG with BBR increased by 33% and 70% (single), 27% and 75% (2-week), respectively.

CONCLUSIONBBR increases bioavailability of DIG, which may be related to its inhibition effect on intestinal P-gp.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Digoxin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution ; drug effects