Objective To observe the change of perioperati ve endotoxin (ET) level and renal function in obstructive jaundice (OJ) patient and the effect of sodium cholate,lactulose, and anisodamine.Methods Forty-eight OJ patients were randomly divided in to control group(n=15), sodium cholate treatment group(n=11), lactul ose treatment group (n=10) and a anisodamine treatment group(n=12), 21 patients with cholecystolithiasis served as non-jaundiced control group. The levels of plasma ET and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were determi ned in all the cases.Results Compar ed with non-jaundiced control group, plasma ET level increased significantly an d Ccr significantly decreased in OJ group (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the source, transmission route and risk factors of an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

METHODSCase definition was made and suspected cases were searched. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic features (age, gender, occupation, residential address), history of exposure, clinical signs and symptoms etc. Blood samples were collected from 12 suspected cases while index patient's blood samples were collected from walls of the residence. All samples were detected for SFTS virus using RT-PCR. Sero-prevalence rates of SFTS virus IgG were also conducted among healthy people, host and vectors.

RESULTSA total of 13 cases including 6 male and 7 female were identified during this outbreak in May 2014. Index patient developed illness onset on April 23 and died on May 1. Secondary patients would include 8 family members, 3 neighborhoods, 1 individual who lived in the same village, developing illness onset between May 10 and 16, with a peak on May 13. The incubation period was 9-15 days. Clinical signs and symptoms appeared as fever (100%), chill (92%), anergy (92%), body aches (92%), anorexia (92%), headache (77%), nausea (69%) etc. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia also appeared. History of the index patient showed that she collected tea leaves in her hometown 1 month before the illness onset. After index patient died on May 1, 9 secondary patients had directly contacted the blood of the deceased. Data from the retrospective cohort study showed that 'direct contact with blood' was an important risk factor (RR = 43.36, 95% CI: 13.66-137.63, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONMajority of the secondary patients of these clusters contracted the SFTS virus infection through exposure to the blood of the index patient. However, aerosol transmission could not be ruled out, suggesting that precaution should be taken for doctors, nurses and family members when looking after the patients with SFTS virus infection.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Environment ; Female ; Fever ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia ; epidemiology