For promoting the quality evaluation of Gardenia resource,a UPLC method for the determination of 4 compounds (geniposidic acid,geniposide,crocin-1 and crocin-2) in Gardeniae Fructus was established.The UPLC separation was performed on an Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18 (2.1 mm× 100 mm,1.7 μm) column eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid solution in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1.The detection wavelengths were 240 nm and 440 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration curves of four analysis were linear in the range of 0.0065-0.0096 μg· mL-1,with correlation coefficients more than 0.9995.The limits of detection (LODs) of four analysis were in the range of 0.0386-0.1875 μg· mL-1.As the results of determination of 4 compounds of 12 batches of Gardeniae Fructus showed,there was great differences between the contents of the 4 compounds,the contents of geniposide were 2.44％-6.96％,while the contents of crocin-1 were 1.26％-3.04％.In addition,fingerprints of 12 batches of Gardenia resources were built using ChemPattern software,and analysis and exploration over the detection results of several samples were carried out using multivariate statistical method (similarity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis).The present study provided a reference to value the importance of this method in the quality evaluation and quality control of Gardeniae resources and slices.

BACKGROUND:Olfactory bulb neurogenesis, transformation and maturation have been considered the hot topic. Olfactory bulb experience and nervous activity can influence olfactory bulb neurogenesis. However, no study reports that olfactory bulb functions can affect olfactory bulb neurogenesis in guinea pigs.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of unilateral olfactory functional deprivation on doublecortin, calbindin and parvalbumin expression in olfactory bulb of juvenile guinea pigs.
METHODS:Total y 24 guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, which were kil ed after establishing olfactory functional deprivation model through electric cautery injury at the left peripheral nostrils. At 3 and 6 weeks after modeling, the specimens were harvested. The expression change of doublecortin, calbindin and parvalbumin in two sides’ olfactory bulb of juvenile guinea pigs was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of doublecortin, calbindin and parvalbumin positive cells in olfactory bulb at the un-deprived side was significantly higher than that at the deprived side at 3 and 6 weeks (P<0.05). This finding indicates that olfactory neural activities can affect neurogenesis and transformation in guinea pigs.

Objective To prepare a new kind of targeted liposome ultrasound contrast agent with small peptide K237 as the ligand which can combine specifically with KDR which is the main receptor of VEGF.and to test its capability in vitro. Methods Targeted bubbles(P-Bio-Av-Bio-Mbs) were formed through "biotin-avidin" bridge grafting, then they were incubated respectively with LOVO, HUVECs and LS174T which were KDR positive or negative expressed in various cells,meanwhile incubated LOVO cells with FITC- P-Bio-Av-Bio-Mbs,FITC-P-Mbs and FITC-Mbs respectively. After that, the rosette formation rate and fluorescence intensity of the combination between microbubbles and cells were observed with microscope and fluorescence microscope. After being incubated with small peptide K237 of 10 μg and 50 μg, LOVO cells were incubated with P-Bio-Av-Bio-Mbs for observing the distribution of microbubbles. Results In KDR sharply positive expressed LOVO cells, the surrounding rosette formation rate was as high as 90. 52% with the fluorescence intensity of grade 3, and it was 53. 46% with grade 2 fluorescence intensity rate in KDR positive expressed HUVECs cells, while in KDR negative expressed LS174T cells, there were few microbubbles surrounded with rosette formation rate of 5. 57% and fluorescence intensity rate of grade 0-1, therefore there were significant statistic differences in rosette formation rate among groups ( P < 0.05). After LOVO cells combined with FITC-P-Bio-Av-Bio-Mbs, FITC-P-Mbs and FITC-Mbs respectively,there were significant differences in their rosette formation rate, namely 89.62%, 7. 56% , 0 with the fluorescence rate of 3,0 - 1 and 0 respectively. Targeted cells pretreated with 10 pg K237 showed significant decreased rosette formation,and there was no formation in 50 ?g pretreated group. Conclusions KDR-Targeted liposome contrast agent with small peptide K237 liganded has been successfully prepared through biotin-avidin mediation and could combine specifically and high efficiently with targeted cells in vitro. The KDR-targeted molecular imaging of tumor neovascularizaiton may provide a new approach for early diagnosis of carcinoma.

Objective To assess metabolic alterations in the human basal ganglia area during maturation and aging by using 2D chemical shift imaging (2D CSI) of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Seventy healthy subjects were examined by 2D CSI. 2D CSI imaging acquisition was performed in the bilateral caudate, lentiform and thalamus. 1H-MRS was processed to determine the metabolite ratios, including NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr. Seventy healthy subjects were divided into 3 groups:20 to 39 years of age group, 40 to 59 years of age group and 60 to 87 years of age group. The three groups of healthy participants were compared. Results There was a significant decrease with aging in the NAA/Cho ratio in the bilateral lcntiform, thalamus and left caudate, and a significant decrease with aging in NAA/Cr ratio in the bilateral thalamus,right lentiform and left caudate (P<0.05), whereas the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly increased in the bilateral lentiform with aging(P<0.05). Conclusions The results of 1H-MRS show significant changes in the level of metabolites during the process of aging. This technique may play an important role in clinical studies and applications for various conditions of metabolic disorders of the human brain.

BACKGROUND:It is important to establish an ideal mouse model of severe aplastic anemia for investigating the mechanism and finding new therapies for aplastic anemia. OBJECTIVE:To establish a severe aplastic anemia mouse model by using recombinant human interferon-γand busulfan. METHODS:Sixty healthy Kunming female mice were randomly divided into two groups:model group (n=50) and control group (n=10). The model group was given recombinant human interferon-γat a dose of 1×104 U/d by intraperitoneal injection and busulfan at a dose of 18 mg/(kg·d) through stomach feeding for 7 days. The same volume of physiological saline was given to control group. Multi-parameters, including general condition, body weight, blood cellcount, morphology and biopsy of bone marrow were analyzed in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At day 7 after treatment, the weight, white blood cellcount, hemoglobin, blood platelet, reticulocyte count in model group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Bone marrow smears and biopsy of model group showed marked reduction of bone marrow proliferation and increases of percentages of non-hematopoietic cellclusters and adipose tissue. The oil drop and fat vacuole were apparently seen in the model group. Severe aplastic anemia mouse model can be established by using recombinant human interferon-γand busulfan successful y, which is economic, stable and easy to operate.

Objective To evaluate the significance of platelet activation and the expression of inter-leukin (IL)-1β in patients with RA. Methods The activation of platelets and the expression of IL-1β in pla-telets in 50 RA patients(22 high-active, 28 mediate/low active ) and 30 normal controls were determined us-ing flow cytometry. Meanwhile, inflammatory indicators such as erythrocyte sedimentation(ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and DAS28 were also recorded. T test and correlation analysis were performed. Results The platelet activation in RA group(19.2±4.8) was higher than the control group(9.0±2.9)(t=10.5, P=0.001). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in RA group(41±11) was higher than control group(21±8)(t=9.01, P =0.000) .The platelet activation in high-active RA group(22 ±4) was higher than mediate/low active RA group(17 ±4)(t =3.96,P =0.001). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in high-active RA group(45 ±10) was higher than mediate/low active RA group (38 ±10)(t =2.329,P =0.024). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in RA group was positively correlated with the level of ESR、CRP and DAS28 (r value and P value were 0.576, 0.578, 0.618 and 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). Conclusion The platelets of patients with RA are activated and may suggest that IL-1β, which may associate with disease activity. Our research suggest that platelet may play a role in the inflammatory process of RA by secreting IL-1β.

BACKGROUND:As the high proliferation and low apoptosis of the bone marrow in polycythemia vera patients, hematopoietic stem cels transplanted into NOD/SCID mice can differentiate into erythroid cels, but whether hematopoietic stem cels transplantation could improve the hematopoietic function of aplastic anemia mice is not yet reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cels with JAK2V617F mutation from polycythemia vera patients can influence hematopoietic reconstruction in aplastic anemia mice. METHODS:Severe aplastic anemia mouse models were established by using recombinant human interferon-γplus busulfan, and then, these mouse models were randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Bone marrow mononuclear cels isolated from polycythemia vera patients with positive JAK2V617F mutation were transplanted into the mice in the experimental group via tail vein at 5 days after drug withdrawal.The same volume of normal saline was administered to the control group. Routine peripheral blood test, morphology of bone marrow cels, bone marrow biopsy, and percentage of CD45+ cels in the peripheral blood and marrow were determined at 14 days after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 days after transplantation, pancytopenia occurred in the experimental group, bone marrow smears showed scattered lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitors, and bone marrow biopsy presented that hematopoietic tissues were reduced and a smal amount of granulocyte cels and erythroblasts could be seen, but megakaryocytes were rare. In contrast to the control group, there was no improvement in the hematopoietic function of mice in the experimental group. CD45+ cels were detectable in the peripheral blood and bone marrow in the experimental group, but not in the control group; and a higher percentage of CD45+ cels was measured in the bone marrow than in the peripheral blood of experimental group mice. Experimental findings indicate that bone marrow mononuclear cels from polycythemia vera patients with positive JAK2V617F mutation can be engrafted into aplastic anemia mice, but cannot improve the hematopoietic function of mice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and possible mechanism of LRRN3 in the cerebellum postnatal development in rats. METHODS: New born rats were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, and each group included 3 sub-groups of different time points. Behavioral experiment, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of anti-LRRN3 injection on the cerebellum development in new born rats. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the balance ability in the experiment group was weak, and there was significant difference in the static balance between the 2 groups (P<0.05). HE staining showed that molecular layer (ML) grew thicker from the 7th day to the 21st day after birth,and the structure changed dynamically. Vesicular glutamate transporter 1(VGluT1) expression was positive in the cerebellum of all groups, and the positive ML grew thicker from the 7th day to the 21st day after birth. Compared with the control, there was no obvious difference between the 2 groups on the 7th day after birth (P<0.05), while on the 14th day and the 21st day, there was significant difference (P<0.01). CONCLUSION LRRN3 plays an important role in cerebellum postnatal development. Anti-LRRN3 antibody injection may down-regulate the expression of VGluT1, reduce the synapse formation in the molecular layer,decrease the thickness of ML and inhibit the growth of cerebellum cortex and the functional neural circuit formation.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebellum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 ; metabolism

Purpose To evaluated the effect of ureteral stent placement before flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy(FURL).Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Scopus,VIP,CNKI,Wanfang database from databases establishment to February 2017 was performed to identify all clinical trials on the effect of ureteral stenting before flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy.The outcomes included stone-free rate,mean operative time,success rate of ureteral access sheath placement and postoperative complications.RevMan 5.3 software was used to complete the Meta statistical analysis.Results Three randomized and four non-randomized studies were analyzed,which consisted of 1 176 patients including 788 cases in experimental group,388 cases in control group.Meta-analysis showed significant differences between experimental group and control group in stone-free rate (OR =1.88,95％ CI 1.30-2.71,P ＜ 0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in mean operative time between experimental group and control group (WMD =-0.99,95 ％ CI-10.63-8.65,P =0.84).The success rate of ureteral access sheath placement was significantly higher in experimental group than that in the control group (OR =8.24,95％ CI 3.17-21.45,P ＜ 0.001).In term of postoperative complications,two groups had significant differences (OR =0.57,95 ％ CI 0.33-0.99,P =0.04).Conclusions Preoperative ureteral stenting can increase the stone-free rate and the success rate of ureteral access sheath placement,and reduce complications of FURL.There is no statistically significant difference in mean operative time.

Neurosurgery is considered as one of the most difficult areas in the field of medicine, and the complexity of nervous system is a leading cause. Therefore, it demands neurosurgeons possess basic knowledge, spatial thinking, and practical experiences. Here, we introduce a rapid developing technique applying multi-modal neuroimaging reconstruction and virtual reality, which constitutes a novel learning model for boosting the growth of neurosurgeons. The incorporation of multi-modal neuroimaging and virtual reality builds a bridge from two-dimensional image to actual surgical view. Neurosurgeons are able to perform surgical planning and simulation with naked eyes under the constructed three-dimensional hologram. The technique also provides evidence of accurate localization and guidance for operation. Therefore, multi-modal neuroimaging reconstruction and virtual reality are expected to tremendously promote the progress of young trainees, and can further enhance their all-round abilities. In short, this revolutionary learning model would impact the neurosurgical specialists training profoundly.