Objective To evaluate the efficacy of metal stent placement for the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction. Methods Medical records of 24 patients with gastroduodenal obstruction secondary to malignant tumors (gastric cancer, 19 patients; pancreatic cancer, 4 patients; postsurgical biliary duct cancer, 1 patient) from October 2002 to November 2004 were reviewed. Under radioscopy, a self-expanding metal stent was placed endoscopically into the stenosis site of the stomach or the duodenum. Results All the metal stents were placed at the expected position. After operation the patients were given fluid diet at 1 day and soft diet at 3 days. No stent-related gastrointestinal perforation or hemorrhage was observed. Follow-up for 1~24 months in 21 patients found re-obstruction in only 2 patients and no migration of metal stents. Conclusions Self-expanding metal stent placement for malignant gastroduodenal obstruction is safe and effective.

Research of antibacterial effect, progress and actuality of application of metal-ion antibacterial agents of were reviewed in the present paper. Research of effect to health and development tendency of metal-ion antibacterial agents of in the future was discussed. Metal-ion antibacterial agents are made of mineral carrier and interim metal-ion or light catalytic agent of oxide or organic antibacterial agent composite, they are a kind of new type antibacterial agents showed some excellent properties and efficiency, they will play a more and more important role to protect environment and enhance human health in the future.

Military hygiene is one of compulsory courses for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine in military colleges. Aiming at the disconnection between theoretical and practical ability in the traditional teaching process and combining with professional features of military hygiene, teaching reform should give priority to curriculum standards, human resource construction, teaching content and method, teaching quality assessment and feedback system. Meanwhile, teaching idea of‘learning to use’ should be strengthened and teaching scheme in line with the actual needs of military health service security work should be put forward in order to provide new ideas for training military health personnel.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the significance of tacrolimus blood concentration monitoring to the therapy of mem-branous nephropathy. METHODS:41 patients with membranous nephropathy received tacrolimus,and the blood concentration of ta-crolimus reached to steady state. The trough concentration of tacrolimus was determined by EMIT. The patients were followed up, and clinical therapeutic efficacies were recorded. The relationship of blood concentration of tacrolimus with clinical efficacy was evaluated by SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS:The blood concentration of tacrolimus was(7.47±2.74)ng/ml in complete remission (CR)group,(5.72±1.19)ng/ml in partial response(PR)group,and(3.30±1.08)ng/ml in no response(NR)group,with total remission rate of 75.61%. The blood concentration of CR group was the highest,followed by PR group and NR group,there was statistical significance among 3 groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The clinical efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of nephrot-ic syndrome is correlate to the blood concentration intimately. Trough concentration monitoring of tacrolimus has important signifi-cance to the treatment of membranous nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of GFR, microalbuminuria (mAlb), serum β2-microglobulin (MG) and cystatin C (CysC) for the evaluation of renal function in patients with DN.Methods A total of 150 patients with type 2 DM diagnosed by WHO standard (1999) from December 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-three kidney transplantation donors during the same time were chosen as the control group.The urine mAlb, Cr, albumin/Cr ratio(ACR) and SCr, serum β2-MG, CysC, urea, uric acid(UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A lc (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging was performed.The Gates method was used to calculate GFR, and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) method was used to calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR).The relative equation between GFR and eGFR was studied.The clinical stages of renal function in type 2 DM patients were evaluated by Mogenesen standard method.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.ROC curve analysis was performed to study the diagnostic value of GFR in DN.Results The patients were divided into merely type 2 DM group, early stage DN (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), and clinical DN(Ⅳ) groups by Mogenesen standard method.GFR and eGFR in the DNⅠstage were higher than those of the merely type 2 DM group (t values:-7.502,-3.629, both P<0.01), and GFR and eGFR decreased with the increased stage of DN.However, serum UA, CRP, FBG and HbA1c, SCr, urea, β2-MG, CysC, mAlb and ACR increased when the stage of DN was higher.GFR and eGFR showed a linear correlation, with the regression equation of y=0.957x+6.823.AUC of ROC in patients with DN Ⅰ was 0.989.With the cutoff value of 125.09 ml/min, the sensitivity and specificity was 96.2%(25/26) and 98.4%(122/124) respectively in diagnosis of DNⅠ.Between high UA and normal UA groups, FBG and HbA1c were not significantly different (t values:-1.010,-1.034, both P>0.05), but the renal function indicators were different (t values:-5.090-2.209, all P<0.01).Compared with the normal CRP group, the FBG, HbA1c and renal function indicators were statistically different in high CRP group (t values:-6.114-7.386, all P<0.01).Conclusions GFR and eGFR show a linear relationship in type 2 DM.GFR is a sensitive, specific diagnostic index in DN Ⅰ period.β2-MG, CysC, mAlb and ACR are conducive to the early diagnosis of DN.High UA is an independent risk factor for the onset of DN, and high CRP is an inflammatory damage factor in DN.

To explore the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for intracranial cavernous hemangioma.The magnetic resonance sequences of SWI,conventional imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were performed in 37 patients of intracranial cavernous hemangioma to compare their different imaging capacities.Among them,the number of lesions found on T1WI,T2WI,DWI and SWI sequences were 40,41,42 and 50 respectively.Thus SWI may detect regular MRI negative or smaller lesions of intracranial cavernous hemangioma.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) in the diagnosis of adreno-corticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) dependent Cushing syndrome ( CS ) with unknown origin. MethodsIPSS was carried out for the diagnosis of 16 cases with ACTH dependent CS who had not been identified after a series of dexamethasone suppression tests and radiological examinations. The ratio of inferior petrosal sinus/peripheral ACTH was assayed.The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of the Cushing disease were estimated. ResultsThe inferior petrosal sinus/peripheral ACTH ratio was over 2. 0 in 13 cases. Twelve cases underwent surgery with pathological diagnosis of pituitary ACTH adenoma, 1 patient relieved after γ knife treatment. The ratio was ＜ 2.0 in 3 cases including 2 pulmonary carcinoid and one pituitary ACTH adenoma. The sensitivity and specify of IPSS for the diagnosis of Cushing disease were 13/14and 2/2 respectively.ConclusionIPSS was a safe technique with high sensitivity, specify and infrequent complications in the diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing disease.It had great clinical value in the differential diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing disease with unknown origin.

Objective to explore the role of Beclin 1 in gastric carcinogenesis and subsequent progression. Methods MkN28 cells were trans-fected with Beclin 1-expressing plasmid,and then the proliferation and cell cycle was measured by CCk-8 and PI staining. Beclin 1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays containing gastric cancers,adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa,and metastatic lymph node. the correlation with the tumorgenesis,clinicopathological and prognostic parameters was analyzed. Results Beclin 1 overex-pression resulted in G2 arrest of MkN28 cells and reduced the proliferation. Beclin 1 mRNA was highly expressed in gastric cancer than matched mu-cosa by ISH(P < 0.05). Beclin 1 was highly expressed in male than female patients with gastric cancer(P < 0.05). the elder patients with gastric cancer had higher Beclin 1 expression than younger ones(P < 0.05). the diffuse-type carcinomas showed less Beclin 1 expression than intestinal and mixed type ones(P < 0.05). kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that Beclin 1 expression was positively correlated to favorable prognosis of the can-cer patients(P < 0.05). Conclusion Beclin 1 expression is closely linked to pathogenesis,metastasis and differentiation of gastric cancer. Beclin 1 might be employed to indicate the favorable prognosis of gastric cancer patients and regarded as a target of gene therapy.

Objective Rho signaling component α-catulin,is a cytoskeletal linker protein and plays an important role in apoptotic and senescence resistance,cytoskeletal reorganization,mobility,invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMt)of cancer cells. Methods Here,we ex-amined α-catulin expression in squamous epithelium,dysplasia and cancer of head and neck on tissue microarrays by immunostaining. Its expres-sion was compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival rate of cancers. Results It was found that α-catulin expression level was signifi-cantly higher in primary cancers than that in normal squamous epithelium and dysplasia(P < 0.05),but not significantly correlated with aggressive behaviors or adverse prognosis of HNSCC patients(P > 0.05). Cox′s proportional hazard model indicated that distant metastasis and tNM staging were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of the patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC,P < 0.05). Conclusion these findings suggested that up-regulated expression of α-catulin protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC,which might be employed as a potential marker for tumorgenesis of HNSCCs.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of regional lymphadenectomy for patients with T2 gallbladder cancer. Methods From January 1990 to December 2009, 48 patients with T2 gallbladder cancer received regional lymphadenectomy following radical surgery at the Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the range of lymphadenectomy. Standard group (23 patients): lymph nodes in the regions of bile duct, common bile duct and hepatoduodenal ligament were dissected; extended group (25 patients): lymph nodes in the regions of hepatoduodenal ligament, head of pancreas, duodenum, portal vein, common hepatic artery and celiac axis were dissected).The condition of patients in the two groups were compared after the treatment. The morbidity and survival rate were analyzed by using Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier method, respectively, and the survival rates between the two groups were compared by using Log-rank test. Results No perioperative death was found in the two groups. The morbidities was 17% (4/23) in the standard group and 24% (6/25) in the extended group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ). The 5-year cumulative survival rate and median survival time were 40% and 29.8 months in the standard group, and 66% and 53.2 months in the extended group, with significant differences between the two groups ( x2 = 4. 687, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Extended regional lymphadenectomy should be performed on patients with T2 gallbladder cancer if the primary lesions can be dissected radically.