Clinical surgical teaching is an important course of undergraduate teaching.Aiming at the problem of disconnection between operation and case in traditional video teaching and observing teaching in operation room,a new model of live surgery teaching based on case teaching was launched:intraoperative diagnosis and preoperative medical history collection were combined;intraoperative surgical anatomy and similar comparative study;teaching surgery were combined with pathology and postoperative adjuvant therapy.Through the questionnaire it was found that all of the students were satisfied with live surgery teaching,96.5％ of the students believed the model would contribute to their understanding of textbook knowledge and memory,and 94.8％ of the students thought the model could improve their interest in clinical learning.

MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs, which are composed of approximately 18 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides. Mature microRNAs regulate gene expression by base pairing with the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs. These mature microRNAs can degrade target mRNAs or inhibit translation. This process is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene ex-pression. Studies have shown that microRNAs are important in physiological and pathological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death. This article provides an overview of the function of microRNAs in the regulation of macrophages.

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of individuals with Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis and its relationship with Theory of Mind (ToM) function.Methods The Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms/Scale of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS/SOPS) was applied to assess prodromal psychosis.The Reading the mind in the Eyes and faux pas Task were conducted to assess the function of Theory of Mind among the individuals of clinical high risk of psychosis.All participants had completed the 2-year follow-up.Conversion was determined using the criteria of presence of psychotic symptoms (POPS).According to the outcome,CHR individuals were divided into conversion group (n=20) and no-conversion group (n=50).The baseline clinical symptom characteristics and Theory of Mind were compared between groups.Results There was no significant difference in clinical symptom characteristics among individuals with CHR (P＞0.05).In the faux pas text,there were significant differences in Faux Pas Detection (P=0.01),Faux Pas Understanding (P=0.01) and Faux Pas Total (P=0.02) but not in control stories and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test between convertors and non-convertors (P＞0.05).Conclusion The ToM disability in clinical high risk population increases risk for conversion to psychosis.

Objective To study the effect of pioglitazone(PIO) on AdipoR1 and cholesterol ester(CE) in foam cells derived from THP-1-derived macrophages.Methods THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with increasing concentrations of PIO for 24 hours.After co-cultured with low density lipoprotein(LDL),the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method.The lipid peroxide within cells was detected by TBARS method,the foam cells were observed by oil red staining.AdipoR1 levels were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the ox-LDL group (0 μmol/L),oil red O-positive cells of the PIO protective groups were greatly reduced.TC,CE,MDA of the PIO protective groups were also obviously decreased.TC (53.6 ± 1.2) μg/mg,CE (30.2 ± 3.6) μg/mg,MDA (3.42 ± 0.06) μg/mg of 5 μμ mol/L PIO group were lower than those of 0μmol/L PIO group[(98.2 ± 3.5),(65.5 ± 6.5),(8.50 ± 1.21)] μg/mg (P ＜ 0.05).TC (25.6 ± 1.8) μg/mg,CE (22.5 ± 4.5) μg/mg,MDA (1.90 ± 0.42) μg/mg of 50 μmol/L PIO group.TC (16.8 ± 2.2) μg/mg,CE(5.9 ± 1.4) μg/mg,MDA (0.65 ± 0.05) μg/mg of 100μmol/L PIO group.Concomitantly,PIO significantly increased AdipoR1 protein expresion,AdipoR1 of 5μmol/L PIO group(0.06±0.05) was higher than that of 0μmol/L PIO group(0.03 ±0.07).AdipoR1 of 50μmol/L PIO group(0.11 ±0.07) was higher than that of 5μmol/L PIO group (0.06 ± 0.05).AdipoR1 of 100 μmol/L PIO group (0.40 ± 0.05) was obviously higher than that of 50 μ mol/L PIO group (0.11 ± 0.07).Conclusion PIO inhibited THP-1-derived formation by up-regulation the expression of AdipoR1,which may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in clinical and experimental induced isolates of C.glabrata.Methods Efflux of rhodamine 6G was performed to evaluate the effects of efflux pumps.The expression levels of transporter genes CDR1,CDR2,SNQ2 and ERG11 were examined by real-time RT-PCR.Meanwhile,sequence of PDR1 was determined by PCR based DNA sequencing.Results Efflux pumps of all fluconazole-resistant isolates had stronger effects than that of susceptible isolates,consistently with significant upregulation of CDR1,but no obvious difference was found in CDR2 or SNQ2.Also,no notable change in the expression level of ERG11 between susceptible and resistant isolates.PDR1 mutations existed in both clinical and experimental induced isolates of C.glabrata,among which P927S,L543P and S947L haven't been reported previously.Conclusion Mutations of PDR1 were induced by fluconazole both in vivo andin vitro,which will result in overexpression of CDR1 and strengthen the effect of efflux pump.

Objective To measure the expressions of HSP10 and 60 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and solar keratosis (AK) tissue. Methods Lesion samples were resected from patients with SCC (n = 50), BCC (n = 50) and AK (n = 50), and control samples were obtained from the normal skin adjacent to the operation sites of 14 of the 50 patients with SCC, BCC and AK. Immunohistochemical Envision two step method was used to detect the expression of HSP60 and 10 in the tissue samples.Results The expression of HSP10 was significantly higher in BCC tissue samples (Z = 3.24, P ＜ 0.001 ), but not in AK (Z= 0.74, P＞ 0.05) or SCC (Z= 0.52, P＞ 0.05) tissue samples than in the normal control tissue samples. Statistical significance was observed in the expression of HSP10 between AK and SCC and between AK and BCC tissue samples (both P ＜ 0.05), but not between SCC and BCC tissue samples (P ＞ 0.05 ). Elevated expression of HSP60 was found in AK, BCC and SCC tissue samples compared with the control samples (Z =-2.90, -2.15, -2.78,P ＜ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of HSP60 in SCC tissue samples was higher than that in BCC tissue samples (P ＜ 0.05 ) but similar to that in AK tissue samples. Conclusions There is likely to be a correlation between the high expression of HSP60 and biological behavior of SCC, and between the elevated HSP60 and HSP10 expressions and BCC initiation and development.

Objective To investigate the role of PDR1 gene in azole-resistant Candida glabrata (C.glabrata).Methods Thirty-eight clinical isolates of C.glabrata were collected from five different hospitals.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of azole antifungals including fluconazole,itraconazole and voriconazole against C.glabrata were determined by broth microdilution.Sequencing and amplification of PDR1 gene was achieved by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The mutation was cloned into an expression plasmid and then transferred into C.glabrata.The efflux of rhodamine 6G and drug sensitivity test were performed,and expressions of CDR1 and CDR2 were examined to verify function of mutation.Results Among these 38 isolates of C.glabrata,17 were resistant to at least one of azole antifungals.Moreover,mutations of PDR1 gene existed in every resistant isolates.Results of phenotyping test showed that in the isolate that expressed PDR1P927S,the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 were increased by 20.53 and 4.03 fold,respectively.And the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G was decreased to 0.62 in efflux experiment.Conclusion P927S mutation of PDR1 gene could induce azole resistance of C.glabrata by increasing the expressions of CDR1 and CDR2,which results in drug resistance due to enhanced effect of efflux pump.

BACKGROUND: Both biological and physical methods contribute to the repair of white meniscal tears, so the combined use will be better. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of radiofrequency combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the repair of white meniscal tears. METHODS: Forty-eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, including simple suture, radiofrequency, PRP, and combination groups, and then the model of medial meniscus posterior root tears was established in all experimental animals. The simple suture group underwent interrupted mattress suture; the radiofrequency group was treated with radiofrequency (20 W, 45 ℃) after suture; the PRP group received the intra-articular injection of PRP after suture; the combination group was firstly treated with radiofrequency after suture, and then underwent the intra-articular injection of PRP. The gross and histological changes of the meniscus were observed, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were detected at 3 and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after operation, the simple suture group showed no healing; the radiofrequency and PRP groups healed partially; and the combination group healed completely, and chondrocytes and collagen fibers arranged regularly. There was a significant difference in the healing rate between combination and simple suture groups (P=0.003). At 3 weeks postoperatively, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the radiofrequency, PRP and combination groups were obviously higher than that in the simple suture group, which decreased markedly at the 12th week. At 3 weeks postoperatively, the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor was increased in all groups, especially in the PRP and combination groups. The PRP group showed the highest level of transforming growth factor β1 at 12 weeks postoperatively. These results manifest that the combination of radiofrequency and PRP promotes the repair of white meniscal tears by increasing the cell proliferation, cell mitosis and angiogenesis.

0.05);the epididymal indexes were significantly increased 6,24 and 72 hours after formalin injection(P

Objective To study the effect of the extract of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum indicum(TFC) on adjuvant arthritis synovial cells. Methods 0.1ml of the complete Freund's adjuvant was subcutaneously injected into the right hind feet pads of the SD rats.24 days after immunity synovial cells in knee joint were treated with TFC and inhibition of proliferation was measured with MTT assay.DNA fragmentations were analyzed with DNA gel electrophoresis.Fluorescence staining of Hoechst 33258 to observe apoptotic body.Results The IC_50 of TFC on synovial cells was 112mg/L.DNA gel electrophoresis showed ladder-like strap.Apoptotic bodies were observed by Hoechst 33258.Conclusion TFC can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in synovial cells,and exerts therapeutical effect on rheumstoid arthritis.