Objective To evaluate the laparoscopic repair for indirect inguinal hernia in children. Methods A total of 72 children with unilateral and 25 children with bilateral indirect inguinal hernia underwent laparoscopic high ligation of the sac. In operation a self-made needle introduced subperitoneally was used to pass a ligature circumferentially around the internal ring. Results All the operations were successfully completed. The average operating time was 10 min in unilateral hernias and 16 min in bilateral hernias. The postoperative hospital stay was 1 day. No surgical complications occurred. Follow-up for 2~60 months (mean, 31 months) in 70 children found no recurrence. Conclusions Laparoscopic repair for indirect inguinal hernia in children is safe, feasible and minimally invasive, offering a low complication and recurrence rate and a quick postoperative recovery.

Objective To discuss the clinical features and treatment methods of chronic hydrocephalus after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods A total of 40 cases of chronic hydrocephalus after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eight cases improved after treatment of non-operation,the lateral ventricle external drainage was done in 32 cases of chronic hydrocephalus.Shunt tube obstruction occurred in 3 patients,with abdominal,subcutaneous and intracranial infection.The shunting operation device was pulled out and the 3 patients received operation for the second time.Two cases appeared intracranial hemorrhage,and the hemorrhage was absorbed after conservative treatment.Total Glasgow prognosis score was good in 32 cases,with mild disability in 5 cases,moderate disability in 2 cases and severe disability in 1 case.Conclusions Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage after chronic hydrocephalus should be early diagnosed and early treated,CT and MRI scan is the effective means to the diagnosis and differentiaion.The lateral ventricle external drainage is good method in treatment.

Objective To study the value of sequential duodenoscopic-laparoscopic treatment in patients with cholelithiasis. Methods Clinical data of 2 248 cases of cholelithiasis treated with sequential duodenoscopic-laparoscopic plan from January 2000 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Duodenoscopy indicated the confirmative diagnosis of gallbladder stones in 1 817 cases and gallbladder stones with associated common bile duct stones in 431 cases. Among 2 021 cases diagnosed as having gallbladder stones by B-ultrasonography: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 690 cases, 213 of which were found having associated common bile duct stones; intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) was conducted in 85 cases, 10 of which were found presenting common bile duct stones; residual stones in the common bile duct after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were noted in 6 cases which were cured by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Among 227 cases diagnosed as having gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones by B-ultrasonography, the diagnosis of common bile duct stones were confirmed by ERCP in 202 cases. Out of the 2 248 cases, 1 817 cases underwent the LC, 395 cases received EST and LC, and 36 cases were given the laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE) (the bile duct was closed by primary suture in 26 cases and a T-tube was left in the bile duct in 10 cases). The 6 cases of residual stones in the bile duct were cured with EST postoperatively. A total of 28 cases required a conversion to open surgery (1.2%), and complications occurred in 52 cases (2.3%). Conclusions Sequential duodenoscopic- laparoscopic treatment for cholelithiasis offers a low residual stone rate and a high success rate.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR V-VI stage).Methods A total of 80 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy from January 2012 to January 2014 were divided into the single group and the combined group according to the surgical method.Patients of the single group were treated by vitrectomy while patients of the combined group were treated by vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery.The incidence of retinal reattachment,postoperative vision and surgical complications between the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the single group,the incidence of retinal reattachment was higher in combined group (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative vision improvement was better than that in single group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).And the surgical complications in combined group was less than that in single group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy has a better clinical effect which is safe and reliable,and it can improve the rate of retinal reattachment and reduce surgical complications.

Objective:To summarize the clinical results of the artificial iris diaphragm (AID)implantation for eyes with silicone oil longstanding tamponade.Methods: In this study,the operation indications,results and complications of 11 consecutive cases of artificial iris diaphragm implantation for eyes with silicone oil longstanding tamponade were studied. Results: In all of the 11 primary ocular disorder cases , 7 cases (7/11) were serious ocular trauma, 2(2/11)cases were diabetic retinopathy with traction retinal detachment , 1 case (1/11) was recurrent retinal detachment with complicated PVR, and 1 case (1/11) was Coats disease; The silicone oil was retained completely behind the surface of artificial iris diaphragm in 7(7/11) of all the 11 cases,in which no visual acuity was affected The complications were low intraocular pressure (IOP)and heavy fibrosis on the surface of artificial iris diaphragm. Conclusion: Open type artificial iris diaphragm implantation in eyes with longstanding silicone oil tamponade can effectively prevent the silicone oil from cotacting the cornea causing complication by spontaneously blocking and rescuing anterior chamber fluid circulation.

Aim To explore the effect of adenylate cyclase(AC) antagonists SQ22536 and agonist forskolin on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into normal saline control group(N group), model group(group L), dexamethasone group(group D),AC antagonists s(group SQ) and AC agonist group(group F).The ALI mouse model was induced by instilling intratracheally with LPS(2 mg·kg-1), and 6 h later, the lung tissue and alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were harvested, pathological changes in lung were observed, white blood cell and neutrophil, albumin content in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity of lung tissue homogenate were determined, and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin 6(IL-6) and cAMP content in lung homogenates were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with normal saline group, a large number of neutrophils infiltrated around the pulmonary vessel and airway 6 h after LPS intratracheal instillation in model group.White blood cells and neutrophils and protein content increased in BALF;MPO activity and cAMP levels increased in lung tissues.In the lung tissue TNF-α and IL-6, IL-1β content increased, compared with model group.Forskolin could improve the pathological changes of lung tissue, reduce the total number of leukocytes, number of neutrophils and protein content in BALF, and reduce MPO activity and TNF-α content in lung tissue, at the same time it increased the cAMP content;SQ22536 had no significant effect when compared with model group.Conclusion AC agonists have protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to elevating cAMP levels, inhibiting neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis and reducing inflammatory factor levels.

BACKGROUND:Single fracture or colapse of the posterolateral tibial plateau fractures is relatively rare in the clinical work. Rational choice of surgical approach and internal fixation for posterolateral plateau fracture is significant to restore the lower limb force line, maintain the joint stability and obtain good biocompatibility.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the stability and biocompatibility of Carlson posterolateral and posterior midline approaches for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures with “T” shaped locking plate.
METHODS:From July 2011 to July 2014, 43 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients were assigned to two groups according to approaches. In the Carlson posterolateral approach group, 22 cases received “T”-shaped plate insertion by Carlson posterolateral approach. In the posterior midline approach group, 21 cases received “T”-shaped plate insertion by posterior midline approach. After repair, perioperative data, fixation effects and knee function score were compared and analyzed between both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) 43 cases (43 knees) of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were folowed up strictly. (2) No significant difference in operation time, fracture healing time, total load time, Hospital for Special Surgery score at 12 months postoperatively, tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle immediately and 12 months postoperatively was detected between both groups (P > 0.05). (3) Significant differences in fracture exposure, blood loss, and excelent and good rate of Rasmussen at 12 months postoperatively were identified in both groups. Moreover, above indexes were better in the Carlson posterolateral approach group than in the posterior midline approach group (P< 0.05). (4) These findings confirmed that for a single fracture or colapse of the posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, two kinds of surgical approaches can achieve ful and direct exposure. Carlson posterolateral approach has good repair effect, fixation effect and biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of GFR, microalbuminuria (mAlb), serum β2-microglobulin (MG) and cystatin C (CysC) for the evaluation of renal function in patients with DN.Methods A total of 150 patients with type 2 DM diagnosed by WHO standard (1999) from December 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-three kidney transplantation donors during the same time were chosen as the control group.The urine mAlb, Cr, albumin/Cr ratio(ACR) and SCr, serum β2-MG, CysC, urea, uric acid(UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A lc (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging was performed.The Gates method was used to calculate GFR, and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) method was used to calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR).The relative equation between GFR and eGFR was studied.The clinical stages of renal function in type 2 DM patients were evaluated by Mogenesen standard method.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.ROC curve analysis was performed to study the diagnostic value of GFR in DN.Results The patients were divided into merely type 2 DM group, early stage DN (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), and clinical DN(Ⅳ) groups by Mogenesen standard method.GFR and eGFR in the DNⅠstage were higher than those of the merely type 2 DM group (t values:-7.502,-3.629, both P<0.01), and GFR and eGFR decreased with the increased stage of DN.However, serum UA, CRP, FBG and HbA1c, SCr, urea, β2-MG, CysC, mAlb and ACR increased when the stage of DN was higher.GFR and eGFR showed a linear correlation, with the regression equation of y=0.957x+6.823.AUC of ROC in patients with DN Ⅰ was 0.989.With the cutoff value of 125.09 ml/min, the sensitivity and specificity was 96.2%(25/26) and 98.4%(122/124) respectively in diagnosis of DNⅠ.Between high UA and normal UA groups, FBG and HbA1c were not significantly different (t values:-1.010,-1.034, both P>0.05), but the renal function indicators were different (t values:-5.090-2.209, all P<0.01).Compared with the normal CRP group, the FBG, HbA1c and renal function indicators were statistically different in high CRP group (t values:-6.114-7.386, all P<0.01).Conclusions GFR and eGFR show a linear relationship in type 2 DM.GFR is a sensitive, specific diagnostic index in DN Ⅰ period.β2-MG, CysC, mAlb and ACR are conducive to the early diagnosis of DN.High UA is an independent risk factor for the onset of DN, and high CRP is an inflammatory damage factor in DN.

Objectives: To detect the expressions of mTOR and HIF-1?and their relationship with angiogenesis in gastric carcinomas. Methods: The expressions of mTOR and HIF-1?in gastric carcinomas tissues(n=70)and normal tissues(n=45)were measured by immunohistochemistry staining.CD34 immunostaining was used to measure the microvascular density(MVD).Results: The rates of the mTOR and HIF-1? positive expression were 51.4% and 67.1% respectively. MVD value of gastric cancer tissues was much higher than that of normal tissues(t=4.358, P

The electroencephalography (EEG) has a wide range of content, complex graphics and abstract theory. Meanwhile, there are differences in professional level, learning ability and subjective initia-tive among refresher doctors. In order to improve the quality of teaching, and to better serve the refresher doctors, the following strategies have been applied in the teaching process. We not only make the training target according to the actual condition of every refresher doctors, but also make them take a correct atti-tude towards study and follow the teaching arrangement. Besides, we not only orient at the operational skills training, including electrode installation, EEG evoked test, Point-of-Care test to eliminate the interference, but also promote the refresher doctors to seek the law of the diagram in the actual interpretation process with longitudinal development view and horizontal comparison perspective. Furthermore, we not only stan-dardize their report, but also broaden their view.