To improve the curative effect in chronic hepatitis B is a major problem to be solved. With the development of technology, an increasing number of novel markers have been used to guide treatment selection, to predict the curative effect and prognosis of hepatitis B.This paper focuses on the characteristics, applications and developmental trend of serological, virological and immunological markers associated with curative effect of chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To analyze the detection rate of HBV serological makers in non-hepatic inpatients in the past six years. Methods Serum samples of 70 582 non-hepatic inpatients from three large hospitals were collected during 2003 to 2008. Serological markers of HBV ( HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, antiHBe and anti-HBc) were detected by the AxSYM MEIA system (Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL).Combining the test results of serological makers with other clinical data, several analysis models for this retrospective study were set up to evaluate the year-to-year changes in serological makers and the detection rates of each model. Results The order from high to low of detection rate of the 5 HBV serological markers was anti-HBc (55. 17% ), anti-HBs (49. 57% ), anti-HBe (28.42%), HBsAg ( 8. 92% ) and HBeAg (2. 12% ), and all of them had a downward trend in the past six years. The positive rate of HBsAg went down from 9. 30% (2003) to 8.70% (2008). The positive rate of HBsAg among people who were born after 1992 (2. 28% ) were significantly lower than that of the overall population (8. 92% ) and fell from 3.57%(2003) to 1.85% (2008). Each detection rate of all serological makers had male sexual side effect [HBsAg ( 12. 38%/7. 25% ), HBeAg ( 2. 72%/1.58% ), anti-HBc ( 56. 57%/53.43% ), anti-HBe (41.50%/28. 35% ) and anti-HBs (65.48%/50. 00% ), male/female]. The differences were statistically significant (Chi-square values of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBs were 509.74,105.78, 69.66, 1 321.61 and 1 726.91, respectively; all P ＜ 0. 01).Twenty-six models of HBV serological makers from 70 582 inpatients were summed up, and 8 models had positive rates geater than or equal to 1%. The "All Negative" model ranked No. 1 and had no significant change from year to year. During the past six years, models representing "A11 Negative" and "anti-HBs Positive alone" were mainly in individuals younger than or equal to 20-year-old, while the models representing "anti-HBc and/or anti-HBe,anti-HBs Positive" were mostly in people older than 20-year-old. The distribution curve of models representing "HBsAg, HbeAg and anti-HBc Positive" and "HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe Positive"etc. showed a bell-shape, covering the population from 20-year-old to 70-year-old. Conclusions The slowlydescending tendency of the detection rates of HBV serological makers was observed during the past six years.The detection rates of HBV in the younger generation decreased significantly. However, the HBV infection rates of overall population is still high, so it is a high time that we made continuous improvement for the serum HBV screening technique in order to reduce the HBV infection ratess.

Objective To assay the plasma omentin level in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and investigate the relationship between plasma omentin level,glucose and lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and NAFLD.Methods The plasma omentin level was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in all subjects,including patients of T2DM controls with NAFLD (group A,50 cases),T2DM without NAFLD (group B,50 cases),simple with NAFLD(group C,51 cases) and normal controls (group D,49 cases).Meanwhile,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),lipids and insulin levels were also measured.Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio were evaluated.Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR.Results The plasma omentin level was (17.85 ±3.68),(13.89 ±10.68),(26.05 ±7.26) and (22.92 ±2.71)μg/L in group A,B,C and D respectively.The plasma omentin level of group A and group B was significantly lower than that of group C and group D(P ＜ 0.05).The plasma omentin level of group A was higher than that of group B (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma omentin level of group C was higher than that of group D (P＜ 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the plasma omentin level was negatively correlated to weight,BMI,waist,triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),and positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)(P ＜0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI,HOMA-IR and FINS was independent variable of omentin.The concentration of omentin was 24.82 μ g/L which could predict the risk of NAFLD in people with normal glucose regulation.Conclusions The plasma omentin level is closely correlated with glucose,lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Plasma omentin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and NAFLD.

Objective To assess the clinical effect of Batroxobin on acute cerebral infarction. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Batroxobin used for acute cerebral infarction were recalled. The quality of the document were assessed with Jadad scale, and the RevMan 4.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results 38 RCTs were recalled. 29 trials were negatively controlled, 6 controlled with Defibrase, and 3 controlled with Urokinase. Batroxobin is more effective than negative controls on neurological function score and fibrinogen (P<0.05). There was no statistics difference between Batroxobin and Urokinase on the neurological function score (P>0.05), as well as incidence of improvement between Batroxobin and Defibrase (P>0.05). Conclusion Batroxobin can effectively improve the neurological function and reduce the fibrinogen for acute cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in surface morphology of cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium and high-cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy immersed in artificial saliva with different concentrations of fluoride, and to analyze the corrosion resistance of these metals.

METHODSThe three kinds of metal were polished and then were immersed in artificial saliva with different concentrations of fluoride (0%, 0.05%, 0.2%). All specimens were immersed for 3 weeks at (37.0 +/- 1.0) degrees C. Metal surface roughness before and after immersion were measured and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSMetal surface roughness was increased with the concentration of fluoride. The surface roughness of the Co-Cr group and Ti group had a statistically significant difference between before and after immersion at the fluoride concentration of 0.05% (P<0.01), and the difference between Co-Cr group and vitallium2000 group, Ti group and vitallium2000 group were statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The differences of three groups before and after immersion were statistically significant at the fluoride concentration of 0.2% (P<0.01), and the difference among three groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPatients who frequently use fluoride products should not use pure titanium or cobalt-chromium alloy prosthesis. Patients with these three metal prostheses are not advised to use high concentration fluoride products.

Chromium Alloys ; Corrosion ; Dental Alloys ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Phosphates ; Saliva, Artificial ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate reproductive concerns among breast cancer patients of reproductive age, analyze the influencing factors, explore the relationship between coping styles, fear of progression (FOP), and reproductive concerns, and identify the multiple effects of coping styles on the relationship between FOP and reproductive concerns among Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among breast cancer patients in four tertiary grade A hospitals in Fujian, China, from January 2022 to September 2022. A total of 210 patients were recruited to complete paper-based questionnaires, which included the general data questionnaires, the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCACS), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FOP-Q-SF), and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Structural equation models were utilized to evaluate the multiple effects of coping styles on FOP and reproductive concerns. Results: Reproductive concerns in breast cancer patients had a mean score of 53.02 (SD, 10.69), out of a total score of 90, and coping styles for cancer (confrontation, avoidance) were closely associated with FOP and reproductive concerns. FOP showed a significant positive correlation with reproductive concerns (r = .52, p < .01). At the same time, confrontation was significantly negatively correlated with both FOP (r = −.28, p < .01) and reproductive concerns (r = −.39, p < .01). Avoidance was positively correlated to both FOP (r = .25, p < .01) and reproductive concerns (r = .34, p < .01). The impact of FOP on reproductive concerns is partially mediated by confrontation and avoidance, with effect sizes of .07 and .04, respectively. These mediating factors account for 22.0% of the total effect. Conclusions The FOP directly impacted reproductive concerns, while coping styles could partially mediate the association between FOP and reproductive concerns. This study illustrates the role of confrontation and avoidance in alleviating reproductive concerns, suggesting that it is necessary to focus on the changes in reproductive concerns among reproductive-age breast cancer patients. Healthcare professionals can improve disease awareness and reduce patients' FOP, thereby promoting positive psychological and coping behaviors and ultimately alleviating reproductive concerns.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations between vegetables and fruit intake and quality of life in breast cancer patients.

METHODSA total of 3 344 community breast cancer patients were selected through cluster sampling method between April and July 2013, in Shanghai, China. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic situation, cancer survival and health behaviors(i.e. vegetables or fruit intake, exercise), European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC) QLQ-C30 Simplified Chinese version(3rd edition) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale (FACT-G) Simplified Chinese version(4th edition) were used to evaluate the quality of life. Crude quality of life scores were compared between groups. Multiple linear models were used to calculate and compare adjusted means of quality of life between groups, controlling relevant factors.

RESULTSAfter adjusting relevant factors, breast cancer patients who ate more than 250 g vegetables reported higher EORTC physical functioning scores, cognitive functioning scores, emotional functioning scores, global health scores than patients who ate equal or less than 250 g vegetables(respectively (80.79 ± 0.85) vs (79.34 ± 0.82), (80.07 ± 1.03) vs (77.84 ± 0.99), (84.17 ± 0.95) vs (82.76 ± 0.92), (65.75 ± 1.50) vs (62.92 ± 1.45)), t values respectively were 2.76, 3.54, 2.40, 3.17, all P values were <0.05; and breast cancer patients who ate more than 250 g vegetables reported higher FACT-G social well-being scores, function well-being scores, FACT-G total scores than patients who ate equal or less than 250 g vegetables (respectively (17.92 ± 0.40) vs (17.31 ± 0.39), (14.86 ± 0.42) vs (14.34 ± 0.40), (74.78 ± 1.01) vs (73.05 ± 0.97)), t values respectively were 2.49, 2.05, 2.90, all P values were <0.05. After adjusting relevant factors, breast cancer patients who ate fruit everyday reported higher EORTC physical functioning scores, role functioning scores, cognitive functioning scores, emotional functioning scores, social functioning scores, global health scores than patients who didn't eat fruit everyday (respectively (80.40 ± 0.82) vs (79.22 ± 0.87), (89.81 ± 1.00) vs (88.06 ± 1.05), (79.78 ± 0.99) vs (77.11 ± 1.04), (84.43 ± 0.92) vs (81.56 ± 0.97), (77.95 ± 1.25) vs (75.56 ± 1.31), (65.48 ± 1.44) vs (61.74 ± 1.51)), t values respectively were 2.15, 2.64, 4.07, 4.71, 2.89, 4.02, all P values were <0.05; and breast cancer patients who ate fruit everyday reported higher FACT-G physical well-being scores, social well-being scores, emotional well-being scores, functional well-being scores, FACT-G total scores than patients who didn't eat fruit everyday(respectively (23.35 ± 0.26) vs (22.85 ± 0.28), (17.91 ± 0.39) vs (16.98 ± 0.41), (18.59 ± 0.22) vs (18.18 ± 0.23), (14.79 ± 0.40) vs (14.17 ± 0.42), (74.71 ± 0.97) vs (72.17 ± 1.02)), t values respectively were 2.92, 3.65, 2.91, 2.35, 4.05 , all P values were <0.05.

CONCLUSIONThere are active associations between vegetables / fruit intake and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Proper diet may help improve quality of life in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms ; China ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations between physical exercise and quality of life in breast cancer patients.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 344 community breast cancer patients between April and July 2013 in Shanghai, China. Data were collected using a questionnaire, including socio-demographic situation, cancer survival and health behaviors, and scores of EORTC QLQ-C30 Simplified Chinese version and FACT-G Simplified Chinese version.

RESULTSAmong a total of 3 344 breast cancer patients, the patients doing exercise reported significantly higher EORTC physical functioning scores, role functioning scores, emotional functioning scores, global health scores, and FACT-G physical well-being scores, social well-being scores, emotional well-being scores, functional well-being scores, and FACT-G total scores than the patients who didn't take exercise (P < 0.05, P(Adjusted)<0.05) . Breast cancer patients who did exercise more than or equal to 5 times/week reported significantly higher EORTC role functioning scores, cognitive functioning scores, emotional functioning scores, global health scores and FACT-G physical well-being scores, functional well-being scores, and FACT-G total scores than patients who did exercise less than 5 times/week (P < 0.05, P(Adjusted)<0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONSThere are active associations between physical exercise and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Engagement in physical exercise is beneficial to breast cancer patients with long-term survival.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the status and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI)in hospitals in Chi-na,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of SSI.Methods Four types of surgeries (colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,femoral neck repair surgery,and vascular surgery)in 29 hospitals were monitored prospectively,risk factors for SSI were analyzed.Results A total of 6 309 surgical procedures were investigated,incidence of SSI was 1 .60%.Incidences of SSI in patients receiving colorectal surgery,abdominal hys-terectomy,femoral neck repair surgery,and vascular surgery were 4.47%(74/1 655 ),1 .03%(22/2 139),0.21 %(5/2 372),and 0.00% (0/143 )respectively.The incidences of SSI were different among different regions (χ2 =114.213,P <0.05).The most common SSI was superficial incisional infection,the next was deep incisional infec-tion.The major pathogens causing SSI were Escherichia coli ,Enterococcus spp .,coagulase negative staphylococ-cus ,Staphylococcus aureus ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae .The independent risk factors for SSI were male patients, long duration of surgery,and high NNIS score.Conclusion The risk of SSI is varied with different types of surger-ies.Male,long duration of surgery,and high NNIS score can increase the risk of postoperative SSI.

Objective To explore the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI)and compliance to bundled interven-tion measures,and evaluate the effect of bundled interventions on controlling SSI.Methods From October 2013 to September 2014,three types of surgeries (colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair sur-gery)in 29 hospitals in China were monitored,October 2013 to March 2014 was baseline investigated stage,April 2014 to September 2014 was intervention stage.Results A total of 6 166 episodes of surgeries were monitored,the incidence of SSI was 1 .64%,incidence of SSI following colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair surgery were 4.47%,1 .03%,and 0.21 % respectively.The P 75 time of three types of surgeries were 3,2,and 2 hours respectively.Compared with the baseline stage,the compliance to most intervention measures im-proved after intervention,the largest increase in the compliance to interventions was disinfection with chlorhexidine-containing disinfectant at surgical sites of colorectal surgery (increased by 29.09%),followed by preoperative shower of femoral neck repair surgery (increased by 26.24%),preoperative shower of colorectal surgery(increased by 22.95%),and skin preparation on the day of operation (increased by 20.75%).Incidences of SSI in three types of surgeries were not significantly different before and after intervention(all P >0.05).Conclusion The incidences of SSI are different among different types of surgeries,the compliance to most bundled intervention measures has im-proved to some extent after intervention,but effectiveness of intervention measures needs to be further observed.