Patients with spinal cord injury would suffer many complications including hip abnormities. Few reports on spinal cord injury with hip dislocation had been published because of a lower incidence and difficulty to be found in clinical practice. This paper reviewed epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hip dislocation after spinal cord injury.

Objective To segment brain magnetic resonance (MR) images corrupted by noises. Methods We presented a novel Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm for image segmentation. The algorithm was by modifying the objective function in the conventional FCM. Firstly,by using kernel method,the original Euclidean distance in the FCM was replaced by a kernel-induced distance. Then,a spatial penalty term was added to the objective function to compensate the influence of the neighboring pixels on the center pixel. Results Segmentation results on a four-class synthetic image corrupted by salt & pepper noise shows that the new algorithm is less speckled and smoother. The new algorithm is applied to simulation MR images and is shown to have less misclassification rate than the other FCM-based methods. Conclusion The results of experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more robust to noise than other FCM-based methods.

BACKGROUND:With the development of industrial society and traffic, the incidence of spinal cord injury has gradualy increased. In addition to radiological laboratory examinations, the neurophysiological test also becomes an effective way of auxiliary examination. Due to the high accuracy and easy operating, neurophysiological test is widely used and the evoked potentials play a role in this project. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials in rabbits of spinal cord injury. METHODS:A computer-based online research of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed with the key words of “spinal cord injury; evoked potentials; animal models” in Chinese and English. Finaly 33 articles were included in the analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operational approach, waveform analysis, application value, influencing factor of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were determined in details, the correlation between evoked potentials and prognosis assessment in animals was also detected. Somatosensory evoked potentials is a good indicator for the evaluation of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord, it is easy to operate and reflects the changes of sensory functions. Motor evoked potentials can provide sensitive diagnosis of spinal cord diseases, and they wil be used as a means to assess the spinal cord injury during rehabilitation. The combination of the two can provide a more accurate result.

0.05).[Conclusion]The contents of CRP,IL-1,IL -6,TNF-? are strengthenly expressed within 1 hour and have different expressions in different areas.

Objective To investigate the surgical exposure of the subtemporal approach and explore clinical indications using a minimal-access.Methods Ten adult cadaveric heads fixed with formalin were used in this study.The holes with 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm of zygomatic arch vertically were operated on each head with subtemporal approach.During the anatomical procedures,measured the maximal exposure lengths of tentorial margin,posterior cerebral artery,and anterior border of brain stem,vertical distances between highest structure in the field of view and posterior clinoid process,the shortest distances form the zygomatic arch 1/3 to tentorial edge,sulcus lateralis mesencephali and anterior clinoid process; After tentorium of cerebellum was cut,measured the straight distance form the internal carotid artery to the optic nerve and form the posterior communicating artery to the tentorial edge.Results Oculomotor,trochlear nerve,tentorial edge,superior cerebllar artery.,P1-P2 segment of posterior cerebral artery,ventrolateral surface of mesencephalon and pon higher than root of trigeminal nerve,anterior and posterior clinoid process,posterior communicating artery and anterior choroidal artery,and superior portion of pituitary stalk could be observed via subtemporal approach using a minimal-access.Conclusion 1.The subtemporal approach using a minimal-access can protect the superficial temporal artery and the facial nerve branches especially in the process of the flap formation.It does little damage to the temporallis,reduces the invalid exposure of brain tissue,farthest lowers the damage to the scalp,skull and adjacent tissue ; 2.The subtemporal approach using a minimal-access can obtain the exposure rang.It can see the upper pons,petroclival region,tentorial notch area,ventrolateral brain stem.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between cavitas pelvis fluidify and infertility.Methods The clinical data of 129 infertility patients which ultrasound hint cavitas pelvis fluidify but hysterosalpingography hint both fallopian tubes to be unobstructed were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, after 3 months cure with traditional Chinese medicine, the cavitas pelvis fluidify of 86 cases were obsolescent as group Ⅰ , the cavitas pelvis fluidify of 43 cases were no obsolescent as group Ⅱ. Compared their pregnancy rates. Results The pregnancy rate of group Ⅰ was 30.23%(26/86),group Ⅱ was 6.98%(3/43 ), there was significant deviation between the two groups (P < 0.05 ). Eighty-seven patients who were no pregnant were diagnosed laparoscopy, there were 55 cases with endometriosis (EMS), 25 cases with cavitas pelvis accretion, 1 case with tuberculosis of peritoneum, 6 cases with carmoisine cavitas pelvis fluidify without other abnormal. Thirty-one of these patients were pregnant through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Conclusion Cavitas pelvis fluidify is very important in clinic, search for the cause of a disease and cure actively is needed, so that they can cure utility.

Objective To improve the influence on physical and mental health of nurses caused by frequent night shifts in order to stabilize the nursing care ranks and sublimate comprehensively the quality of nursing. Methods We selected night shift nurses working at clinical departments at random, divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was provided coffee and milk at the fixed period of night time, however, the control group was not supplied during the night shift.We designed questionnaire according to the Comell Medical Index (CMI), the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and the needing of the research. In addition, we determined the concentrations of adrenal eortisol and blood glucose in the experimental group and the control group. Results The experimental group compared with the control group had stronger excitability, more active enthusiasm. Coffee and milk eliminated sleepiness during work without affecting sleep after work, and increased significantly the concentrations of adrenal cortisol and blood glucose, the difference had statistical significance. Conclusions With the supply of specific nutrients to night shift nurses can interfere and eliminate anthropogenicly night shift nurses sleepiness and fatigue, reduce nursing accident rate, and improve quality of care.

Objective To observe the effect of clapping acupoint on hyperosteogeny of lumbar vertebra. Methods Ninety-eight cases were randomly divided into 65 cases treated by clapping Ashi point in treatment group and 33cases treated by simple acupuncture in control group.Results Among 65 cases in treatment group, 52 cases were cured and 13 cases were not cured; of 33 cases in control group, 19 cases were cured and 14 cases were not cured, and there had significant difference in cure rate between the two groups, x2 =5.51, P ＜0.05. Conclusion Treatment of hyperosteogeny by clapping acupoint was better than simple acupuncture therapy.

To introduce the implication,research overview and appraisal method of patient reported outcome being used in the clinical research of stroke.The basic process and principle of stroke-associated scale research was described in this article,the author think that PRO can be the important supplement of clinical therapeutic e ect evaluation of stroke.The study method of PRO is worth to extension and application in clinical research of other chronic disease.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of intravesical instillation of sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of cystitis glandularis after transurethral resection.Methods 85 patients (9 male and 76 female,age range 37-70 years,mean age 51) who were diagnosed as CG in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University underwent transurethral resection.After the operation they were divided into three groups randomly according to different intravescal instillation:sodium hyaluronate for group A,epirubicin for group B and no medicine for group C.The group A started to instill with sodium hyaluronate 40mg once a week for four weeks,and then once a month for four months.The group B did the same way of intravesical instillation of epirubicin.All the patients were followed-up for 12 months.The cystoscopy was done every three months to detect recurrence and the clinical symptom score was evaluated at 1,3,6 and 12 months.Results No patients in group A treated by sodium hyaluronate relapsed but 6 cases and 9 cases in group B and group C respectively.Recurrence rate of group A is significant low compared with group B and C (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of clinical symptom score appendix after 1,3,6 and 12 months for group A were (3.18 ± 1.44),(1.29 ±0.66),(1.25 ±0.65) and (1.21 ±0.63),respectively.It was (3.37 ±1.62),(3.33 ±1.59),(1.37±0.74) and (1.30±0.61) for group B,and (3.47±1.81),(3.40±1.52),(3.27±1.41) and (3.23 ± 1.19) for group C.Compare the score of clinical symptom in the same group,there were significant differences for the score after 3 months compare with the score after 1 month in group A (P ＜ 0.05).But in group B,the significant differences showed after 6 months (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in group C (P ＞ 0.05) in the whole year.Conclusions Intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy can effectively decline the recurrence rate of cystitis glandularis after transurethral resection.It could also significantly improve the urinary tract symptoms.