Objective To study the efficacy of gamma globulin in the early treatment of severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease.Methods 80 children with severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by the random number table.The treatment group received the treatment of early gamma globulin,whereas patients in the control group received conventional therapy.The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(95.0%vs 77.5%,χ2 =5.165,P <0.05).The recovery time of body temperature and hemogram,rash and other adverse symptoms disap-peared in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(2.1 ±0.9)d vs (3.0 ± 1.1)d,(1.9 ±0.8)d vs (2.8 ±1.1)d,(4.1 ±1.3)d vs (6.2 ±2.1)d,(2.6 ±0.8)d vs (4.8 ±1.5)d,t =3.934,3.723,5.378,7.357,all P <0.05].Conclusion Early application of gamma globulin is effective and safe in treating severe hand -foot -mouth disease,which can relieve symptoms,control the disease quickly and improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of endogenous electric fields on proliferation and migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) in vitro.Methods EpSCs in the first passage were cultured on simulated endogenous electric field.Galvanic stimulation set at an intensity of 0 mV/mm (Group Ⅰ),100 mV/mm (Group Ⅱ) and 200 mV/mm(Group Ⅲ) was given twice a day for 3 days with each time continuing 1 hour and resting 1 hour.Effect of bio-electric field on cell proliferation was measured by direct cell counting in fixed visual field.Repeated experiment but continued stimulation for 3 hours was performed.Live cell migration was monitored to determine the effect of bio-electric field on the process of cell migration.Results For the EpSCs cultured in endogenous bio-electric simulation platform for 24,48 and 72 hours,cell proliferation rate was the highest in Group Ⅲ [(107.4 ±21.9)％,(270.2 ± 71.4) ％,(544.0 ± 95.1) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).And higher cell proliferation was observed in Group Ⅰ [(35.1 ± 21.0) ％,(138.6 ± 31.0) ％,(323.5 ± 23.0) ％] than in Group Ⅱ [(66.9 ±24.2) ％,(192.1 ± 36.2) ％,(406.7 ± 50.7) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).After continued galvanic stimulation for 3 hours,cells in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ oriented towards cathode,but cells in Group Ⅰ moved randomly.In measurements of track velocity (Vt),displacement velocity (Vd) and electric field migration rate (Vx),Group Ⅲ revealed increased values[(42.5 ± 2.8),(32.3 ± 1.8),(29.7 ± 1.3) μm/h] as compared with Group Ⅰ [(36.2 ±2.2),(23.6 ±2.9),(18.2 ± 1.8) μm/h] and Group Ⅱ [(34.3 ±1.6),(23.8±l.2),(21.2±l.6)μm/h] (P＜0.01).Conclusion In vitro experiments reveal that endogenous electric fields can promote the proliferation of EpSCs and induce oriented movements towards the cathode.

Objective:To study the association between non-syndrome cleft lip and palate (NSCL/P)and MAFB (rs6072081, rs6065259,rs17820943,rs11696257)gene polymorphism in NingXia Hui and Han population.Methods:512 cases of NSCL/P,258 case of Hui nationality and 254 of Han,174 cases of complete 3 core family members(patients and their parents),142 cases of single parents families(patients and their single parents),were collected in patient group.505 cases of healthy newborns were collected in control group.The MAFB gene SNPs were determined with TaqMan SNPs genotyping methods and the data were analyzed by case-con-trol analysis,transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)and family based association test(FBAT).Results:Case-control analysis found that,there was a statistical significance of the genotypes and allele frequency between patients and the controls in MAFB of the 4 locus (P <0.05);but all of the 4 locus showed no difference in patients with cleft palate(P >0.05).Conclusion:The 4 locus single nucle-otide polymorphism was associated with NSCL/P in Ningxia population.

Group-A rotaviruses are recognized as the most common cause of acute diarrhea. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of rotaviruses circulating in Nanjing (China) could aid in the development of rotavirus vaccines. A total of 908 stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from acute diarrhea in Nanjing between October 2012 and December 2013, and were tested further for rotaviruses. Fifty rotavirus isolates selected randomly were typed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using serotype-specific primers for G genotyping. VP7 genes of 19 G9 strains were sequenced for further genetic characterization. Among the 908 stool specimens examined during the surveillance period, 103 (11.34%) were rotavirus-positive. G9 was the most predominant genotype (78.0%), followed by G2, G1 and G3. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of serotype G9 rotaviruses revealed these strains to comprise two lineages (G9-VI, G9-III) and to be dominated by the G9-VI lineage (which belonged to a unique subcluster of Japanese and Chinese G9 strains). Amino-acid sequences of the four antigenic regions (A, B, C or F) were variant among a portion of strains, which may have contributed to the prevalence of G9 rotaviruses in this area.
Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Serogroup

Objective To investigate the immunization effect of influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in health care workers (HCW) in Inner Mongolia Greater Khingan Mountains area. Methods Five hundred and five HCW who received A/H1N1 influenza vaccination (immunized group) and 129 staffs who didn't receive the vaccination (unimmunized group) were randomly sampled for semiquantitative testing of serum H1N1 antibody (IgG) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results were analyzed and stratified by age, sex, occupation and the time interval between the time of vaccination and serum sample collection. The antibody positive rates of the two groups were compared by x2test. Results There were 401 (79. 4%) HCW whose H1N1 antibody were positive and 50 (9.9%) whose antibody were weak positive among 505 immunized HCW. While among 129 unimmunized HCW, there were 59 (45.7%) whose antibody were positive and 15 (11.6%) whose antibody were weak positive. The seroconversion rates of specific antibody were not significantly different among the different age groups after receiving A/H1N1 influenza vaccine (P＞ 0.05).However, there were statistical differences of the seroconversion rates among different sex groups (men 95.7% vs women 87.4% in immunized group, x2=6.40, P＜0.05; and men 73.3% vs women 52.5% in unimmunized group, x2 =4.07, P＜0.05) and different occupation groups (doctor 86.0% vs nurse 94.5% in immunized group, x2 = 9. 16, P＜0.01; and doctor 43. 8% vs nurse 75.0% in unimmunized group, x2=12.61, P＜0.01 ). The seroconversion rate was 81.5% after 80 to 89 days of vaccination, which was significantly lower than those after 30 to 39, 50 to 59 days and 60 to 69 days of vaccination, which was 100.0%, 94.7% and 93.6%, respectively (x2 =3.96, P ＜0.05; x2=7.15, P ＜0. 01; x2 = 9. 98, P＜0. 01). Conclusions A/H1N1 influenza vaccination can induce effective immune response in HCW in Greater Khingan Mountains area of Inner Mongolia. However,the level of specific antibody significantly reduces after 80 to 89 days of vaccination.

Objective:The hemagglutintin (HA) gene of human influenza viruses of H3N2 subtype circulating in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016 was sequenced, and the genetic variation and evolution characteristics of HA gene were analyzed.Methods:Among the positive H3N2 influenza virus, a total of 27 strains were randomly selected according to the time period for virus isolation in MDCK cells. Viral RNA was extracted, HA gene of influenza virus was amplified by reverse transcritase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The molecular sequence characteristics were analyzed, and genetic evolution characteristics and important functional sites were further analyzed.Results:The HA nucleotide length of H3N2 Nanjing strains was 1 701 bp, encoding 566 amino acids. Highly homologous with WHO recommended vaccine strains in the same year, with sequence similarity of 97.9%-99.5%. Evolutionary analysis showed that the Nanjing strains from 2014 to 2016 were divided into two branches in the evolutionary tree, and realized the transformation from genotype 3c.3a to 3c.2a. Multiple epitope amino acid variations occurred in different years of Nanjing strains.Conclusions:The prevalent strains of H3N2 influenza virus in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016 have high homology with the vaccine strains, the vaccine can provide a certain protective effect. HA gene antigen variation and molecular genetic evolution are active, so it is necessary to continuously monitor the antigen site changes and genetic evolution characteristics of the virus, so as to prepare for the epidemic of H3N2 in the next influenza virus season.

Objective:To investigate the CD163 expression characteristics in intracranial aneurysm (IA) tissue and blood of patients with IA and its feasibility as an early clinical screening indicator for IA.Methods:A total of 28 patients with IA admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to November 2023 were selected as IA group, and 28 healthy subjects from Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University at the same time period were selected as control group. Eight saccular IA tissues and 12 superficial temporal artery tissues were collected from patients from IA group accepted IA clipping, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the CD163 mRNA expression in these tissues. RT-qPCR was also used to detect the CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of the 2 groups. Seven patients with IA and 7 control subjects from the above 2 groups were randomly selected, respectively; and plasma CD163 protein content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for IA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of blood CD163 mRNA expression and plasma CD163 protein content in IA. Results:CD163 mRNA expression in IA tissues was significantly higher than that in superficial temporal artery tissues (41.870±20.355 vs. 6.080±5.444, P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of IA patients was significantly higher than that in the controls (1.969[1.124, 2.318] vs. 1.124[0.933, 1.379], P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of ruptured IA group, unruptured IA group, and control group was gradually decreased, with significant differences ( P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of female IA patients was not statistically different compared with that in male IA patients ( P>0.05). ELISA showed that the CD163 protein content in plasma of the IA group was significantly higher than that in the control group [10.537±1.879] ng/L vs. [8.598±0.885] ng/L, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and CD163 mRNA expression in the blood were independent influencing factors for IA occurrence ( OR=0.844, 95% CI: 0.750-0.951, P=0.005; OR=0.111, 95% CI: 0.024-0.506, P=0.004). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CD163 mRNA expression in blood in diagnosing IA was 0.759 (95% CI: 0.618-0.890, P=0.002), and that of CD163 protein content in plasma in diagnosing IA was 0.864 (95% CI: 0.610-1.000, P=0.035). Conclusion:CD163 mRNA expressions in blood and IA tissues and CD163 protein content in plasma are high in patients with IA; CD163 mRNA expression in blood is an independent risk factor for IA; CD163 protein in plasma can be used as a molecular marker for screening IA.

We reported a case of a patient dignosed as tuberculosis and severe malnutrition with coronavirus disease 2019 （critical type） treated with a combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Through the retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment process of this patient， on the basis of Chinese medicine's understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of “old state” and “deficient state”， the critical coronavirus pneumonia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and severe malnutrition was mostly due to the physical condition and the invasion of epidemic toxin， resulting in dysfunctions of the internal organs such as the lungs， spleens， kidneys and other organs. Based on the understanding of the cause and mechanism of the coronavirus disease， the treatment combined Chinese and Western medical therapies was given. The western medicine was used with the main treatments of oxygen therapy， anti-viral， intestinal nutritional support， and anti-coagulation， while the Chinese medicine was used by tonifying qi， blood， yin， and yang， warming yang and dissipating cold， and clearing heat and dampness， then tonifying qi， nourishing yin and eliminating heat， in which tonifying middle and replenishing qi ran through the whole process. The integrated treatment eventually improved the patient's symptoms and accelerated the negative conversion of nucleic acid of the coronavirus.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.