Objective To evaluate the clinical application of a muhiprobe FISH (multicolor fluorescence in situ hy-bridization,M-FISH) assay in voided urine specimens for detection of bladder cancer and compare the results with those afforded by urinary cytology.Methods Voided urine specimens from 100 cancer patients with or without surgery and 10 patients with prostate hyperplasia were obtained for urinary cytology and FISH.FISH was performed using a mixture of fluorescent labeler DNA probes for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 3,7,and 17 and 9p21 region.Cystoscopy with biopsy or tumor resection was performed in all patients and compared the pathological results with the cytological and FISH findings.Results The sensitivity of M-FISH were 75.6% for low grade tumors,100% for high grade tumors,with overall sensitivity of 85.5%.Urinary cytology affords an overall sensitivity of 62.9% (33.3% for low grade tumors,96.0% for high grade tumors).Significant difference in overall sensitivity was observed between M-FISH and urinary cytology (P＜0.05).The specificity of M-FISH and urinary cytology was 84.6% and 87.8% respectively.No significant difference in specificity was observed between M-FISH and urinary cytology.Conclusion M-FISH improves the sensitivity obtained with urinary cytology for bladder cancer detection with similar specificity,so can detect all high grade infiltrating tumors patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficiency of applying 125I permanent-implant prostate brachytherapy (BRT) in elderly prostate cancer patient treatment.Methods From Jan.2007 to Dec.2011,23 elderly patients (age ≥75 years) with a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer were treated at our institution and then were evaluated retrospectively.The average age was 79.7 (ranged from 75-87) years.The average prostate volume was 52 (ranged from 35-78) ml.PSA level was 6.2±1.5 (ranged from 3.3 to 9.8) μg/L.Seven cases were in T1cN0M0,sixteen cases were in T2aN0M0.Five cases were with Gleason score of 4,two cases were with Gleason score of 5,sixteen cases were with Gleason score of 6.All patients received a single 125I permanent-implant brachytherapy with a total dosage of 145 Gy.Patients were stratified according to biochemical recurrence-free survival (bDFS),overall survival rate (OS) and complications.All the patients had not accepted anti-androgen therapy or external radiotherapy.Results The average followed up were 50 (ranged from 4 to 77) mon.After 3 months,the average serum PSA was 2.4±0.4(ranged from 0.9-3.8) μg/L,there was significant difference compared with that before treatment (P=0.003).After 1 years,the average serum PSA was 0.2-2.7 μg/L and 87％ (20/23) patient's PSA was less than 1 μg/L.2 cases had biochemical recurrence (bNED rate,91％).4 patients died,among them 1 patients died of prostate cancer.The overall survival rate was 83％,and the cancer-specific survival rate was 96％.Of the patients with urethral adverse effects,0-V adverse effect rates were 34.8％,43.5％,17.4％,4.3％,0 and 0.No serious complication such as rectal fistula occurred.Conclusions BRT is an effective and safe monotherapy in elderly prostate cancer patients.

In surgery operations, wound should be cleaned with warm sterilized saline solution. In order to reach rapidly warming the washing solution from the room temperature during the surgery, we designed a thermostatic medical infusion pump. The present paper mainly presents researches on the two temperature control methods in the standby mode and in the flushing mode of the system. In the standby mode, the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm was adopted. In the flushing mode, dynamic characteristics of the system was changed in real time, which made the thermostatic control process more complex, and the fitted control function combined with the PID control algorithm was adopted in this mode. The temperature control parameters were adjusted in real time according to the initial temperature and the flow rate of the washing solution to obtain a constant temperature of the washing solution, no matter how the initial temperature and the flow rate are changed. The experiment results showed that this kind of control system performed well with a high accuracy.
Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Infusion Pumps ; Sodium Chloride ; Solutions ; Temperature

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy in treating recurrent Cushing′s disease. Methods Forty-three patients (29 females and 14 males) with recurrent Cushing′s disease treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA, n=32) or open (OA, n=11) adrenalectomy from 2000 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients completed the follow-up survey including a 36 item short-form (SF-36) health survey. Results All 43 patients achieved successful adrenalectomies without intraoperative complication. The duration of the LA was significantly shorter than that for the OA. Intraoperative blood loss was low in both groups. Median length of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic adrenalectomy group, P<0.05. The median follow-up was 48.5 mon. Of the 34 (79.1%) patients available for follow-up, 22 (64.7%) had an adrenocorticotropic hormone levels >200 ng/ml and six (27.3%) had clinical Nelson syndrome. Thirty-four patients who completed the SF-36 survey reported that they felt their health status had changed from good to excellent after adrenalectomy. However, except for social activity, they showed significantly lower SF-36 scores compared with the general population, P<0.05. No statistical difference was found in SF-36 scores between the laparoscopic and open groups. Conclusions Adrenalectomy is safe and an effective option in the treatment of recurrent Cushing′s disease. It can help patients to improve both survival rate and quality of life.

Objective To evaluate prognostic factors for early bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy with non small cell lung cancer,and establish a validated clinical model to estimate the risk of early-BPF.Methods We reviewed the medical records of 429 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for NSCLC at our institution.We used univariate and multivariate analysis to identify potential independent risk factors for early-BPF after pneumonectomy for NSCLC.A model to estimate risk of early-BPF was developed by combining independent risk factors.Results The rate of early-BPF after pneumonectomy for NSCLC was 6.5％ (28/429).Three factors were independently associated with early-BPF:neoadjuvant therapy (HR:2.406),bleeding (HR:2.171)and diabetes (HR:1.144).A scoring system for early-BPF was developed by assigning 2 points for each major risk factor (neoadjuvant therapy and bleeding) and 1 point for each minor risk factor(diabetes).Scores were grouped as low (0-1),intermediate (2-3),and high (3),yielding the rate of early-BPF was 14％,27％,and 43％,respectively.Conclusion This clinical model is established on the basis of independent risk factors.This model can be used as a predictive tool for early-BPF after pneumonectomy for NSCLC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of case management care practice on the self-care ability of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy. Methods About 84 patients were divided into two groups by drawing lots. About 41 cases in the control group continued their treatment after discharge and consulted the nurses or doctors by phone call in case of problems. The 43 cases in the observation group was treated with case management for 3 months. The self-care ability was compared between the groups before and after the intervention. Result After the intervention, the ESCA total score of the observation group, self-care skills, self protection responsibility and health knowledge level were significantly higher than that of the observation group before intervention and that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of the case management can improve the self-care ability, health knowledge level, self-care skill and sense of responsibility of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy, eventually improving the patient's ability in self care.

Objective To assess the safety and efficiency of systematic transperineal ultrasound guided template positioning biopsy for the high-risk population of prostate cancer.Methods From January 2010 to January 2012 a total of 42 high-risk men of prostate cancer underwent systematic ultrasound guided biopsy using the transperineal template positioning technique.All patients got at least one previous biopsy,and all the patients showed negative results,including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,and/or atypical small cell acinar proliferation.During the follow-up,all the patients still had high prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity (＞ 0.75 μg/L) or high PSA level (＞ 10 μg/L).Results A mean of 18.7 biopsy cores had been obtained.Cancer was identified in 19 of the 42 men (44％).The mean Gleason score was 6 (from 4 to 9).Mean prostate volume in the positive and negative biopsy groups was 44 and 71 ml.The only significant independent influence factor for positive biopsy was prostate volume (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate showed no statistic difference in term of presence of PIN,AHH,the number of biopsy sites,or PSA value (P ＞0.05).Adenocarcinoma was found in transition zone in 14 of 19 cases (74％),and 5 (36％) was positive only in the transition zone.Complications were rare and self-limiting,including hematuria (29％)and urinary retention (0.9％).Conclusions Systematic transperineal template positioning biopsy of the prostate is a safe and precise biopsy technique in patients who remain at high-risk for prostate adenocarcinoma.

Purpose:To discuss the function of Gd-BOPTA on the deferment of manifestation of MRI,which bring influence to the immune mensuration of antigen PCNA,PTEN.Materials and Methods:Scanning with MRI on the 35 patients with pathologically verified HCC the image were analyzed concretely.Pathologic diagnose was made with Edmondson pathologic classification standard,and it was expressed with index of PCNA and PTEN of immune quantitative analysis.Results: HCC was negatively related to the index of PCNA,and most patients with high index were lightly or not deferred enhanced(13/16),Patients with low index were evidently enhanced ( 10/19).The degree of HCC deferred enhancing was positively related to the expression of PTEN.Most HCCs( 15/17) with negative PTEN were lightly or not deferred enhanced,while positive patients of PTEN were mostly enhanced obviously(11/18).Conclusion: Deferment of Gd-BOPTA can be used to basically estimate the tincture of tumor biology,therefore,the enhanced degree of which,the PCNA,PTEN,can offer great help in choosing the therapuetic method and estimating the outcome of the the therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of two epiphyseal stimulating procedures on local growth of long bone in rabbits. METHODS: Osteotomy was performed in the metaphysis near the proximal tibial epiphyseal plate and hemicircumferential periosteal excision was made on the proximal tibial epiphysis. Tibia roentgenography, tetracycline labelling, histological method and electron microscopy were used. RESULTS: The local stimulating effect following the hemicircumferential periosteal excision was more remarkable than the osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Periosteal excision is a better treatment for children's knee deformity.

Objective Severe bronchial stricture due to endobronchial tuberculosis is often accompanied by complex complication,such as obstructiv pneumonia,destroyed lung and bronchiectasis.Its treatment is very diffucult.The present report is to investigate and analyze the indication and efficacy of surgical treatment of bronchial stricture due to severe endobronchial tuberculosis.Methods Reviewed the clinico-pathological records documenting the surgical outcomes in 81 bronchial stricture due to severe endobronchial tuberculosis who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy enrolled in our hospital between January 1990 and December 2010.There were 29 male and 52 female.Mean age was(36 ± 12) years (ranged 16-66 years).The three most common reasons of surgery were bronchial stricture accompanied by pulmonary atelectasis,destroyed lung and bronchiectasis(76 cases,93.8％).79 cases had elective operation,whereas one patients required emergency surgery.Pueumonectomy in 51,lobectomy in 16,sleeve resection in 11,segmental resection in 2,and exploratory thoracotomy in 1.If frozen pathological examination showed that endobronchial tuberculosis remained in the bronchial stump,it was covered with muscle flaps,including intercostal muscle flap in 6 cases,latissimus dorsi muscle flap in 5 cases,serratus anterior muscle flap in 5 cases.The mean operative time was 3.2 h (range between 2 h and 5.5 h) and the blood loss averaged 546 ml (range between 100ml and 4 000 ml).The post operative hospital stay averaged(12 ±8)days.Results No intraoperative or early postoperative death occurred.Nine patients developed complications,including BPF in 2,pulmonary infection in 2,empyema in 1,hemorragic shock in 1,hemothorax in 1,incision infection in 1,chylothorax in 1.All 9 cases recovered well after treatment.Pathological examination showed that tuberculosis bronchial remained in the brinchial stump in 13 cases.Neither BPF nor empyema occurred in all the 13 cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that destroyed lung was significant risk factor of postoperative complication.There were 3 late deaths.Five year survival rate was 96.2％.Conclusion Surgical treatment is still the recommeded treatment modatity for bronchial stricture caused by endobronchial tuberculosis due to its excellent results.It should be performed in time when the drug and intraluninal treatment were no effect for avoiding of being progeressed into destroyed lung.