OBJECTIVE To know the basic situation of nosocomial infection control and management in all levels of hospitals in Anhui Province,and provide the theory basis for the future work.METHODS To investigate the students participating in the nosocomial infection management training class by using the questionnaire.RESULTS There were altogether 273 people from 217 hospitals accepting the investigation.From 217 hospitals there were 46 1st grade hospitals and 160 2nd grade hospitals and 11 third graed hospitals.In all the people engaged in the nosocomial infection management,83.88% were the females and 67.03% for nursing staff,the age of 30-50 years old was 79.84%,the middle professional rank accounted for 72.53%,and 79.86% people′s record of formal schooling was the technical college and below.CONCLUSIONS The basic situation of nosocomial infection management in majority hospitals of our Province is good,but in some hospitals,the function of the structure has not certainly obtained the full display.In order to adapt the development of the nosocomial infection supervisory work,promote it to be more perfect,personnel structure,resources arrangement,and administrative offices function should give enough reconstruction and construction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the surgical site infection(SSI)in clean surgical sites and the perioperative antibiotic usage.METHODS The incidence of SSI and the antibiotics usages in 842 cases during perioperative were analyzed retrospectively in 32 hospitals.RESULTS One case with nosocomial infection was found(0.12%).The use rate of antibiotics was 98.57%.Among 802 cases using prophylactic antibiotics,the antibiotics were given in 181 cases thirty minutes to two hours before operation.136 cases were given 24 h before operation.And 485 cases were given after operation;195 cases stopped using antibiotics after 24 h,472 cases stopped using antibiotics after 4-6 days and 135 cases stopped to use antibiotics after 7 days.CONCLUSIONS The major problem is excessive use of antibiotic in clean surgical site during perioperation,long duration of antibiotics prophylaxis,more expensive antibiotics and unnecessary combination of antibiotics,suggesting that it be important to strengthen the management of antibiotics.

Objective To observe the effects of Qingre Paidu Capsule on NF-κB and IL-1βin acute gouty arthritis model rats induced by monosodium urate crystals (MSU);To explore its preventive and therapeutic mechanism for acute gouty arthritis. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, diclofenac sodium group, and Qingre Paidu Capsule high, medium and low dose groups. Rats in different treatment groups were given corresponding medicines by gavage for 7 days. On the fifth day, after 1 hour of gastric perfusion, acute gouty arthritis rat model was established by MSU injection in ankle joint cavity. All rats were sacrificed and materials were taken 48 h after the model was established. The morphological changes in the synovial tissue of ankle joint were observed by light microscope. The expression levels of NF-κB and IL-1β in the articular leachate were monitored by ELISA. Results The expression levels of NF-κB and IL-1βin the articular leachate of Qingre Paidu Capsule each dose group and diclofenac sodium group were obviously lower than the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Histopathologic examination revealed that Qingre Paidu Capsule could abate tissue swelling of ankle joints, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration of synovial tissues and improve the pathologic changes of the hyperplasia of synovium and so on. Conclusion Qingre Paidu Capsule play the anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the expressions of NF-κB and IL-1βin articular tissue of rats.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical results of laparoseopic reoperation for patients with history of previous ipsilateral urology laparoscopic surgeries. Methods Thirteen patients that underwent second ipsilateral urology laparoscopic surgeries were retrospectively ana-lysed. The reasons for a second operation included nonfunctional kidney after pyeloplasty, ure-terolithotomy or pyelolithotomy in 4 cases, recurrence of urinary calculi in 3 cases, pelviureteric june-tional stenosis after pyeloplasty in 1 case, recurrence of renal cyst in 1 case, recurrence of adrenal tumor in 1 case, residual adrenal tumor in 1 case, progression of polycystic kidney in 1 case and renal carcinoma after laparoscopic surgery for renal cyst in 1 case. Transperitoneal laparoscopie surgeries were performed in all cases and the first trocar was placed with open incision to avoid puncture injury. The adhesion between intestines and retroperitoneal space was dissected to expose the operative field. The lateral peritoneum and perirenal fascia were sutured after surgery in all cases except nephrectomy cases. Results For the first operation, the mean operative time was 93 min, the mean estimated blood loss was 70 ml and the average postoperative hospital stay was 4.8 d. The second operations on the 13 cases were successfully performed with mean operative time of 97 rain, mean estimated blood loss of 62 ml and average postoperative hospital stay of 5.0 d which were not significantly different from the first operation parameters(P＞0.05). During the secondary operations, adhesions and abnor-mal anatomic structure observed increased the difficulty of surgery. All patients after secondary opera-tions were followed up for 2--24 months and no major complication was observed. Conclusion La-paroscopic reoperation on patients with history of ipsilateral urology laparoscopic surgery is feasible in skilled and experienced hands and in properly selected cases.

Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; injuries ; Mandibular Fractures ; therapy ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo compare the photosynthetic characteristics of Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii in order to provide basic data for introduction and cultivation of the two wild medicinal species.

METHODThe light-response, CO2-response and Chlorophy II fluorescence parameters of leaves at the booting stages between N. incisum and N. forbesii, were analyzed in situ by Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis system under natural conditions.

RESULT1) The light saturation point (LSP) was 1539 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. incisum and 1464 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. forbesii, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was 22.95 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. incisum and 19.65 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. forbesii, the apparent quantum yield (AQY) was 0.0509 for N. incisum and 0.0470 for N. forbesii, LSP, AQY and Pmax of N. incisum were significantly higher than those of N. forbesii; the light compensation point (LCP) was 17.92 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. incisum and 26.69 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. forbesii, LCP of N. incisum was significantly lower than that of N. forbesii. 2) The carbondioxide compensation point (CCP) were 33.41 micromol x mol(-1) for N. incisum and 37.82 micromol x mol(-1) for N. forbesii, the carbon dioxide saturation point (CSP) were 988 micromol x mol(-1) for N. incisum and 1150 micromol x mol(-1) for N. forbesii, CCP and CSP of N. incisum were significantly lower than N. forbesii; the carboxylation efficiency (CE) were 0.0591 for N. incisum and 0.0459 for N. forbesii; the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration (Jmax) were 28.18 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. incisum and 25.32 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. forbesii; the light respiration rate (Rd) were 1.971 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. incisum and 1.736 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) for N. forbesii, CE, Jmax and Rd of N. incisum were higher than those of N. forbesii. 3) The primary light energy conversion of PS II (Fv/Fm) was 0.8213 for N. incisum and 0.8257 for N. forbesii, wihich didn't showed significant difference, between N. incisum and N. forbesii there was no photoinhibition.

CONCLUSIONBoth N. incisum and N. forbesii were C3 type plant, could perfectly acclimate to light condition. However, the weak light of N. incisum was absorbed significantly higher than that of N. forbesii, strong photosynthesis ability causes assimilation products accumulation of N. incisum obviously to be higher than that of N. forbesii.

Apiaceae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Carbon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Kinetics ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects

Objective To evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of recombinant human lactoferrin(rhLF) on Helicobacter(H .) py‐lori and its influence on CagA ,Ure and gastric mucosal IL‐8 .Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and the influ‐ence of different drug concentrations on the proliferation of H .pylori were detected .The effects of rhLF on the mRNA and protein expressions of CagA and Ure in H .pylori were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ,respectively .The animal study :Balb/c mice were adopted and assigned randomly into four groups ,including the standard triple+rhLF(group A) ,rhLF(group B) ,standard tri‐ple(group C) and normal saline(group D) .The histopathological HE staining was used to observe the gastric inflammation and ELISA was used to detect the IL‐8 level of gastric tissue in each group .Results MIC was 0 .5 mg/mL ,moreover rhLF inhibited the bacterial growth and proliferation with a concentration‐dependent manner .rhLF could reduce the expression of H .pylori major viru‐lence factor CagA ,mRNA and protein of Ure .Comparing the group A with the group B ,C and D ,the gastric mucosal inflammation score and the IL‐8 levels of gastric tissue homogenates had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion rhLF inhibits the growth and proliferation of H .pylori ,moreover inhibit the expression of major virulence factor CagA in H .pylori ,mRNA and protein of Ure in different degrees ,weakens its pathogenicity ,meanwhile reduces the IL‐8 level in mice gastric mucosa ,and allevi‐ates H .pylori related gastric mucosal inflammatory response .

Objective To explore the laboratory culture and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L forms (MTB-L),isolation rate and drug resistance in smear-positive tuberculosis patients,and to improve clinical attention to MTB-L.Methods 222 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in our hospital from September 2017 to December 2017 were randomly selected for MGIT 960 and 92-3TB-L liquid culture.After MGIT 960 was reported positive,acid-fast staining was performed on the precipitated smears of 92-3TB-L liquid medium for preliminary screening.The suspected L-positive strain culture was transformed into improved TSA-L solid medium to observe the colony characteristics and microscopic characteristics.The properties of the strain were confirmed by acid-fast staining and tuberculosis DNA amplification.Drug susceptibility and mutation sites of drug resistance genes were analyzed in MTB-L.Results Ⅰ-dentification of MTB-L:after the positive strain has been cultured,the colonies have the characteristics of "fried egg sample","particle-like" and " filament-like".MTB confirmed by tubercle DNA amplification experiments.Isolation rate:after cultured by MGIT 960 and Modified 92-3TB-L medium,the positive rate of single bacterial type was 50.90％,(113/222) the positive rate of both bacterial type and L type was 15.32％ (34/222),and the positive rate of MTB-L type was 2.25％ (5/222).Drug resistance:MTB-L was resistant to Streptomycin,Isoniazid,Rifampin,and Ethanol butylamine.No mutation was found in the drug resistance gene loci.Conclusions Clinical laboratory should routinely develop the culture of L-form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria,and increase the clinical attention to MTB-L.

Objective To study the constituents of urinary stones in patients in Zhejiang,and analyze the composition difference between patients from northern Zhejiang province and southern Zhejiang province.Methods From October 2012 to October 2018,clinical data of 4 423 urinary stone patients treated in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and Huzhou First People's Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.Infrared spectrum was used to analyze urinary calculi constituents.Among 4 423 patients,there were 3 041 males and 1 382 females,male to female ratio was 2.2∶ 1,and the mean age was (51.2 ±16.5) years.There were 2 974 northern Zhejiang patients and 1 449 southern Zhejiang patients.High incidence age group was 41-60 years [48.2％ (2 136/4 423)].The distribution characteristics of urinary calculi constituents in different groups of sex,age,and region were analyzed.Results Among the 4 423 cases,the mixed urinary stones were dominant in the urinary calculus [73.1％ (3 235/4 423)],in which,the most component was the calcium oxalate monohydrate + calcium oxalate dehydrate + carbonated apatite [36.2％ (1 604/4 423)];among the pure stones,the most component was the calcium oxalate monohydrate [16.3 ％ (719/4 423)].Carbonated apatite stones [70.1％ (970/1 382) vs.61.0％ (1 856/3 041),P ＜0.05] and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [12.7％ (176/1 382) vs.4.9％ (150/3 041),P ＜ 0.05] were both more prevalent in females than males,but uric acid stones[10.6％ (325/3 041) vs.5.8％ (81/1 382),P ＜0.05] were more common in males than females.The proportions of calcium oxalate stones[90.6％ (961/1 060) vs.76.2％ (935/1 227),P ＜0.05],carbonated apatite stones [77.6％ (823/1 060) vs.50.7％ (623/1 227),P ＜ 0.05],and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones[9.1％ (97/1 060) vs.6.5％ (80/1 227),P ＜0.05] of 0-40 years group were all higher than ＞ 60 years group,however,uric acid stones were more frequent in ＞ 60 years group [3.5％ (38/1 060) vs.17.0％ (209/1 227),P ＜ 0.05].The proportion of calcium oxalate stones in southern Zhejiang was lower than northern Zhejiang [79.0％ (1 145/1 449) vs.89.4％ (2 661/ 2 974),P ＜ 0.05].However,carbonated apatite stones [71.5％ (1 037/1 449) vs.60.1％ (1 789/2 974),P ＜ 0.05],magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [15.1％ (220/1 449) vs.3.5％ (106/ 2 974),P ＜ 0.05],and uric acid stones [10.7％ (156/1 449) vs.8.4％ (250/2 974),P ＜ 0.05] were more prevalent in southern Zhejiang than northern Zhejiang.Conclusions The distribution of constituents of urinary stones in Zhejiang was different in genders,age,and regions.Carbonated apatite stones and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones were more prevalent in females and young people,and uric acid stones were more common in males and old people.Calcium oxalate stones were more common in youths.Moreover,calcium oxalate stones were more frequent in northern Zhejiang,and carbonated apatite stones,magnesium ammonium phosphate stones and uric acid stones were common in southern Zhejiang.

Objective:To summarize the etiological characteristics and clinical treatment effects of 17 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).Methods:The clinical data of 17 patients with MRONJ admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First People′s Hospital of Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, from July 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 9 males and 8 females, aged (63.6±9.6) years old (43-82 years old). Descriptive analysis of the primary disease, onset factors, site of disease, clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and treatment effects was conducted through follow-up for at least 1 year.Results:Among the primary diseases of the 17 cases, 12 were malignant tumors, and 5 were osteoporosis. There were 13 cases with a history of a trigger event (tooth extraction or unsuited removable denture). Six cases occurred in the maxilla, 10 cases occurred in the mandible, and 1 case involved both the upper and lower jaws. For the most common medication used, bisphosphonate was used in 16 cases including 5 cases with concomitant use of angiogenesis-inhibiting drugs. There was 1 case resulted from receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) monoclonal antibody application. The duration of medication application was (10.1±3.9) months (3-18 months). All 17 cases were treated surgically. Totally 15 patients healed well after surgical treatment and the other 2 patients, who had poor soft tissue healing after surgery, healed well after a second operation.Conclusions:Tooth extraction might be a major trigger factor for the onset of MRONJ in the mandible. The disease was more possibly occured in the mandible than in the maxilla. Appropriate surgical treatment could achieve a good clinical outcome.