Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the development of gastric cancer in Chinese populations, so as provide insights into creating a model for predicting gastric cancer incidence among Chinese populations. Methods: The case-control and cohort studies pertaining to factors affecting the development of gastric cancer were retrieved in electronic Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from their inception until September 30, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed using R package version 4.1.0. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the “leave-one-out” evaluation procedure, and the publication bias was evaluated using the Egger regression test and the trim-and-fill procedure. Results: A total of 5 301 publications were screened and 116 eligible studies were included in the final analysis, including 103 case-control studies and 13 cohort studies, which covered approximately 3.23 million study subjects. A total of 45 factors affecting the development of gastric cancer were collected, and there were less than 4 publications reporting 7 factors, which were only qualitatively described. There were 38 factors included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 21 factors were identified as risk factors of gastric cancer, including a history of gastrointestinal diseases (pooled OR=4.85, 95%CI: 3.74-6.29), H. pylori infection (pooled OR=3.18, 95%CI: 2.35-4.32), binge eating and drinking (pooled OR=2.88, 95%CI: 2.09-3.97) and a family history of tumors (pooled OR=2.78, 95%CI: 2.17-3.56), and 10 factors as protective factors, including vegetable intake (pooled OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.38-0.61), tea consumption (pooled OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.47-0.64), administration of aspirin (pooled OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.31-0.92) and administration of statins (pooled OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.44-0.80). Sensitivity analyses of eating moldy food frequently, white meat intake, favoring spicy food and administration of sulfonylureas were not robust. Following correction with the trim-and-fill procedure, there was still a publication bias pertaining to high income, diabetes, administration of stains, alcohol consumption, tea consumption and white meat intake. Conclusions The development of gastric cancer is associated with a medical history of gastrointestinal disease, H. pylori infection, family history of tumors and poor dietary habits. Risk and protective factors of gastric cancer are recommended to be included in models used to predict gastric cancer incidence among Chinese populations.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes between conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and targeted PVP in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed to review 215 cases of single level OVCFs hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2015.According to the procedure techniques,the patients were assigned to targeted PVP group (89 cases) and conventional PVP group (126 cases) which was further divided into sufficient filled subgroup (110 cases) and insufficient filled subgroup (16 cases) on basis of cement distribution.Key techniques of targeted PVP included accurate needle insertion to fractured area and cement injection using a push rob with a side opening.Operating time,cement injection volume,rate and types of cement leakage,cement distribution in the fractured area and visual analogue score (VAS) of back pain were compared between the two groups.Results Operating time in targeted PVP group was longer than that in conventional PVP group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in cement injection volume and rate and types of cement leakage between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).None in targeted PVP group showed insufficient cement distribution in fractured area,while 16 cases (12.7％) in conventional PVP group (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences in preoperative VAS of back pain existed among targeted PVP group,sufficient subgroup and insufficient subgroup (P ＞ 0.05).VAS of back pain was significantly decreased after PVP in three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Difference in postoperative VAS of back pain between targeted PVP group and sufficient filled subgroup was insignificant (P ＞0.05).However,postoperative VAS of back pain in insufficient filled subgroup was significantly increased compared with targeted PVP group and sufficient filled subgroup (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Targeted PVP provides sufficient cement to fill the fractured area and decreases incidence of unsatisfactory clinical outcome compared with traditional PVP,indicating a secure and effective new technique in the treatment of OVCFs.

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a clinically effective therapy in anemia, for example in patients with malignancies (Shander et al., 2020), bleeding (Odutayo et al., 2017), and preoperative anemia (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). The past few decades have witnessed a shortage of blood for transfusion due to limited health insurance coverage for blood use and the rapid expansion of hospitals (Chen et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014). Blood donation levels may easily be affected by general changes in the environment, policy, major events such as disasters, and public sentiment (Hu et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the transfusion of allogeneic RBC is a double-edged sword, increasing the possibility of infectious and immunological complications, and also leading to higher morbidity and mortality after transfusion (Frank et al., 2012). Considering that the continual shortfall has been increasingly prominent, identifying the factors associated with RBC transfusion could help blood transfusion departments to improve their supply of blood products as well as their inventory management (O'Donnell et al., 2018).