This study aimed to develop the calculation method of pre-hospital emergency physician allocation gap and apply it to Shanghai.In order to reduce the ambulance dispatch lag frequency, through the analysis of its da-ta in the Shanghai urban area, the research group obtained the gap and extended the data to Shanghai city.The peak method establishes the association between pre-hospital emergency physician increment and the ambulance dispatch lag decrement.Based on descriptive statistics, the peak method by which the Shanghai ambulance dispatch lag data were analyzed uses the SAS programming software.This method of using programming software provides it with good reliability and validity.After an increase of 40 duty vehicles (381 pre-hospital emergency physicians), the ambu-lance dispatch lag ratio would drop from 25.61 percent to 0.22.Therefore, the association between the pre-hospital emergency physician increment and the ambulance dispatch lag decrement was established and can provide a scientif-ic evidence for the policy formulation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in stimulating invasion and metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells.

METHODSThe metastatic ability in vivo of ovarian cancer SK-OV3, HEY, OVCAR3, and IGROV1 cells was determined in tumor-bearing nude mouse models. Matrigel assay was used to detect the changes of response in vitro of ovarian cancer cells to LPA after Rac(-) or Rac(+) adenovirus treatment. LPA-induced Rho GTPase activation was detected by GST-fusion protein binding assay.

RESULTSThe peritoneal metastatic colonization assay showed overt metastatic colonization in mice receiving SK-OV3 and HEY cell inoculation, indicating that they are invasive cells. Metastatic colonization was not detected in animals receiving OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells, indicating that these cells are non-invasive cells. In the matrigel invasion assay, exposure to LPA led to a notably greater migratory response in metastatic SK-OV3 and HEY cells (Optical density: SK-OV3 cells: 0.594±0.023 vs. 1.697±0.049, P<0.01; HEY cells: 0.804±0.070 vs. 1.851±0.095, P<0.01). But LPA did little in the non-metastatic OVCAR3 and IGROV1 cells (Optical density A: OVCAR3 cells: 0.336±0.017 vs. 0.374±0.007, P>0.05; IGROV1 cells: 0.491±0.036 vs. 0.479±0.061, P>0.05). LPA migratory responses of ovarian cancer cells were closely related to their metastatic colonization capabilities (r = 0.983, P<0.05). Rac(-) blocked the LPA response of invasive SK-OV3 and HEY cells (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: SK-OV3 cells: 2.988±0.095 vs. 0.997±0.100,P=0.01; HEY cells: 2.404±0.059 vs. 0.901±0.072, P=0.01). But Rac(+) confered the non-invasive cells with LPA response and invasion capability (LPA-induced fold increase of cell migration: OVCAR3 cells: 1.072±0.080 vs. 1.898±0.078, P<0.01; IGROV1 cells: 1.002±0.044 vs. 2.141±0.057, P<0.05). Among Rho GTPases, only Rac activation was different between ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic capability after LPA stimulation: Cdc42 could not be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. RhoA could be activated in both the invasive and non-invasive cell lines. Rac could be activated by LPA in the invasive ovarian cancer cell lines. However, Rac could not be activated in the non-invasive cell lines.

CONCLUSIONLysophosphatidic acid stimulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through Rac activation.

Animals ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Humans ; Lysophospholipids ; metabolism ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

An increasing number of studies have recently indicated the important effects of gut microbes on various functions of the central nervous system.However, the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate brain functions and behavioral phenotypes remain largely unknown. We therefore used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to obtain proteomic profiles of the hippocampus in germ-free (GF), colonized GF, and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. We then integrated the resulting proteomic data with previously reported mRNA microarray data, to further explore the effects of gut microbes on host brain functions. We identified that 61 proteins were upregulated and 242 proteins were downregulated in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Of these, 124 proteins were significantly restored following gut microbiota colonization. Bioinformatic analysis of these significant proteins indicated that the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway and inflammation-related pathways were the most enriched disrupted pathways. This study provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms of gut microbiota-regulated diseases.

Objective:To fully understand the maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 and explore the evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV by analyzing clinical and laboratory information in peer-reviewed publications on COVID-19 in pregnant women.Methods:PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Academic Journals, and Wanfang Databases were searched to retrieve articles on COVID-19 in pregnancy published from December 1, 2019, to April 9, 2020. In addition, the World Health Organization COVID-19 Database and the reference lists in each included article were also searched. All included cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid with maternal and neonatal outcomes regardless of delivery or not. Clinical manifestations, perinatal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed systematically.Results:This study reviewed 29 publications involving 146 pregnant women who tested positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and their 116 newborns (including two twins). Five cases of severe COVID-19 and three cases of unidentified type that were admitted to ICU for treatment were severe symptoms, accounting for 5.5% (8/146) of all cases. Totally, 69.9% (102/146) of the women underwent cesarean section and 8.2% (12/146) gave birth vaginally. Thirty (20.5%) women continued their pregnancies. One case (0.7%, 1/146) terminated the pregnancy at 26 weeks of gestation due to bidirectional affective disorder and one (0.7%, 1/146) received artificial abortion at 6 weeks of gestation. Fever (58.2%, 85/146) and cough (32.9%, 48/146) were the most common symptoms. However, 15.8% (23/146) of the pregnant women were asymptomatic on admission and symptoms appeared or became worse after delivery in 20.5% (30/146). Lymphocytopenia (49.6%, 56/113) and elevated C-reactive protein (58.4%, 66/113) were the main laboratory findings. The most common computed tomography (CT) finding was bilateral multiple patchy ground-glass opacity in lungs (79.7%, 94/118). The outcomes of 92.2% (107/116) of the newborns were good, and the rest 7.8% (9/116) showed different abnormalities of varying degrees. Among the nine newborns, six showed different degrees of dyspnea, cyanosis and vomiting including one died of multiple organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation; one tested positive for viral nucleic acid 36 hours after birth; one was stillbirth due to unknown reason, but intrauterine vertical transmission was excluded; one neonatal death in a critically ill mother undergoing cesarean delivery.Conclusions:Pregnant women are less likely to progress to severe COVID-19 and mostly have a good outcome. Despite reports of adverse neonatal outcomes, evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV remains insufficient.

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences in the setup accuracy of different immobilization method in breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery from January to August, 2021. These patients were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 30 cases who were immobilized using a modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board during the breast cancer radiotherapy and was called the modified body thermoplastic membrane group. The other group comprised 30 cases immobilized using a vacuum cushion during breast cancer radiotherapy and was referred to as the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors, 3D vector errors, the proportion of errors of > 5 mm, and the dosimetric differences in the planning target volume (PTV) and the clinical target volume (CTV) before and after simulated treatment bed moving (including the PTV_ V100, PTV_ V95, and CTV_ V95 before simulated treatment bed moving and the PTV_ V100 S, PTV_ V95 S, and CTV_ V95 S after simulated treatment bed moving) were compared between two groups. Moreover, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the changes in the average setup errors at different radiotherapy stages were also analyzed. Results:A total of 369 cone-beam CT scans were conducted for 60 patients, including 195 CT scans for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group and 174 CT scans for the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors in the x, y, and z directions (right-left, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior, respectively) of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were (2.59±1.98) mm, (2.38±2.04) mm, and (1.45±1.16) mm, respectively, while those of the other group were (2.24±1.63) mm, (2.78±2.17) mm, and (2.70±1.88) mm, respectively. The 3D vector errors of both groups were (4.32±2.28) mm and (5.13±2.14) mm, respectively. Therefore, the setup error in direction z and the 3D vector error of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were less than those of the vacuum cushion group ( t = -7.77, -3.41, P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of setup errors of > 5 mm in the x direction of the vacuum cushion group was lower than that of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group ( χ2 = 7.13, P<0.05), while such proportion in the z direction of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was lower than that of the vacuum cushion group ( χ2= 5.90, P<0.05). After the simulated treatment bed moving, the PTV_ V100 S of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was better than that of the vacuum cushion group ( t = 2.47, P < 0.05). Furthermore, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the setup errors in the x direction in the first week were higher than those in the 2-3 weeks and 4-5 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board yield better immobilization effects than a vacuum cushion. However, it produces high setup errors in the x direction in the first week of the radiotherapy, to which special attention should be paid.