Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy concurrent with paclitaxel +TS-1 chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma.Methods A total of 60 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.In treatment group,30 patients received simultaneous three-dimensional conformal radiations therapy combined with paclitaxel +TS-1 chemotherapy.In control group,30 patients received paclitaxel +TS-1 chemotherapy.The long term survival rate,local recurrence rate and side reactions were observed in two groups.Results The 1,2-year survival rate in treatment group [93.1％ (27/29),75.9 ％ (22/29)] and control group [72.4 ％ (21/29),48.3 ％ (14/29)] had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The 1,2-year local recurrence rate in treatment group [6.9％ (2/29),13.8％ (4/29)] and control group [31.0％ (9/29),44.8 ％ (13/29)] had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The side reactions in two groups were mainly manifested as leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,anemia,nausea,vomiting,liver function damage and oral mucositis.The incidence rate of nausea,vomiting in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [83.3％ (25/30) vs.53.3％ (16/30)] (P =0.012).Conclusions Postoperative threedimensional conformal radiotherapy concurrent with paclitaxel +TS-1 chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma may improve the long-term survival rate,lower local recurrence rate.But the adverse reactions are increased.

Disulfiram (DSF) has been widely used in clinical treatment of alcoholism.To date,in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that DSF has strong anti-cancer activity and could improve patient's survival,and the underlying mechanism has been elaborated.In addition,it was reported that,during radiotherapy,DSF could protect normal tissue and cells meanwhile enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by forming complexes with copper ions,suppressing cancer stem cells and inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in cancer cells.This review summarizes the completed and ongoing clinical trials of disulfiram,and its anti-tumor mechanisms and advances in radiation biology.

Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopic ultrasonography( EUS) alone for early liver cirrhosis and the diagnostic efficacy of EUS combined with liver histopathology ( LH) and liver stiffness measurement ( LSM) for early liver cirrhosis. Methods Data of 226 patients with chronic liver lesions who underwent endoscopy and EUS at Tianjin Second People's Hospital were collected to assess esophageal and gastric varices. Liver fibrosis was assessed by LH and LSM was determined by Fibroscan. Models of EUS-LSM, EUS-LH, LSM-LH, ELL ( EUS, LSM and LH) were constructed to predict early liver cirrhosis. The ROC curve and AUROC were used to evaluate the efficacy of different models in the diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis. Results A total of 149 patients were diagnosed as chronic liver disease and 77 patients were diagnosed as early liver cirrhosis ( Child-Pugh A grade) by clinical evaluation. Ratio of varices found by EUS was significantly higher than that by endoscopy [ 68. 8％ ( 53/77) VS 32. 5％ ( 25/77) , P<0. 05] . The cut-off value was 8. 65 kPa by LSM to predict early liver cirrhosis. Pseudolobules were confirmed by LH in 42 ( 54. 5％) patients in the early liver cirrhosis group. The AUROC of ELL was 0. 919 ( 95％CI: 0. 875-0. 951),sensitivity=0. 792,specificity=0. 913,PPV=0. 824,NPV=0. 895,+LR=9. 08,-LR=0. 23, accuracy=0. 872, and ELL was superior to EUS ( P<0. 0001) , LSM ( P<0. 0001) , LH ( P<0. 0001) , EUS-LSM (P<0. 0001), EUS-LH (P=0. 0134) and LSM-LH (P=0. 0022) in the diagnosis of early liver cirrhosis. Conclusion EUS is superior to endoscopy in detecting the varices for early liver cirrhosis. Combination of EUS with LSM and LH can improve diagnostic efficacy for early liver cirrhosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mannose on the radiosensitivity of six human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and its possible mechanism.Methods:The expression of mannose phosphate isomerase in six lung cancer cell lines were detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effect of mannose on the proliferation of lung cancer cell lines were observed by MTT assay. When irradiated with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy, the effect of mannose on the radiosensitivity of six lung cancer cell lines was detected by plate clone formation assay, respectively; and the apoptosis rates of normal control, mannose, irradiation and combined groups were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The expression levels of mannose phosphate isomerase were different among six lung cancer cell lines. Among them, A549 cells had the highest expression level and H460 cells showed the lowest expression level. When aD ministrated with 11.1 mmol/L mannose, the same inhibitory effect was observed on both A549 and H460 cell lines. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on H460 cell line was significantly increased with the increase of mannose concentration. In addition, aD ministration of 11.1 mmol/L mannose could significantly increase the radiosensitivity and apoptosis rate of H460 cell line. However, it exerted limited effect upon the radiosensitivity and apoptosis rate of A549 cell line. Conclusion:In six lung cancer cell lines with high expression of mannose phosphate isomerase, the aD ministration of mannose can enhance the radiosensitivity of partial tumors cells.

As a method for local treatment, radiotherapy plays a key role in the management of tumors. In the past few decades, great progress has been made in radiotherapy technology, with improvements in conformity, homogeneity, and radiotherapy efficiency, and the results are encouraging. Nevertheless, the maximum tolerated dose of normal tissue has limited the further increase in radiotherapy dose in the tumor area. If radiation-induced toxicities can be reduced, a higher radiotherapy dose can be delivered to tumor tissue, so as to achieve a better treatment response. In recent years, the unique FLASH effect of ultra-high-dose-rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is capable of maintaining a consistent tumor response whilst reducing radiation-induced toxicities in normal tissue, and therefore, FLASH-RT has become a research hotspot in the field of radiotherapy across the world. At present, some scholars tend to explain the FLASH effect using the theory of acute oxygen depletion, but the protective effect of FLASH-RT on normal tissue remains to be clarified. In addition, preliminary clinical studies have been conducted for FLASH-RT, and the results are promising. Based on existing evidence, this article elaborates on the research advances in FLASH-RT in the treatment of malignant tumor, so as to provide a reference for the translation and application of this new technique.