0.05 as compared with T3 ) . (3) 3 min after propofol injection OAA/S score dropped to 0 in all patients; AEP index and BIS decreased to 28.97?11 and 50? 11 respectively.Conclusions Induction of anesthesia with intravenous midazolam-fentanyl-propofol is smooth and effective with little circulatory disturbance.

0 05)respeetively before induction, which shoued no statistic difference between two groups.AEP index and BIS of two groups after induction were decreased to below 30 a nd 55 respeetively(T 1 vs. T 0 ,P0 01) ) . The changing tendency of the elderly group and the young group were identical a t all time points. Conclusions AEP index can be used for the anesthesia depth monitoring for the elderly without obvious auditory dysfunction during tracheal intubation.

Objective To compare auditory evoked potential index (AEPI) , BIS , heart rate variability (HRV) and spectral edge frequency (SEF) for monitoring the level of analgesia and sedation produced by different analgesic mixture of PCEA. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study.Patients with mental or hearing disorders were excluded. The patients were randomly divided into three groups . The basic analgesic mixture for PCEA was 0.2% ropivacaine + 0.01% morphine in the 3 group and the PCEA regimen was : loading dose 5ml , background infusion 1ml?h-1, bolus dose 1ml and lock-out interval 10 min. The difference among the 3 groups was that the 5ml loading dose contained clonidine l00?g in group Ⅱ or midazolam 2mg in group Ⅲ. The patients were premedicated with phenobartital and scopolamine. Epidural catheter was placed at T9-10 , a test dose of 1 % lidocaine 3-5ml was given to confirm the correct placement of the epidural catheter. General anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.06mg?kg-1, fentanyl 4?g?kg-1, propofol 0.5mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1mg?kg-1. Anesthesia was maintained after tracheal intubation with isoflurane inhalation and propofol infusion. Patients were transported to PACU after operation.PCEA was started after extubation when the patients was awake and complained of pain. The AEPI, BIS , HRV and SEF values and VAS, OAA/S scores were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0 ) at the end of surgery (T1), 5, 15, 30 , 60 , 90 min and 2h, 4h, 8h, 20h, 24h after loading dose (T2-12). Results (1) AEPI was significantly higher than the baseline value when the patient was awake and feel pain ( P

Objective To study the pathogenesis mechanism of hepatitis C vires (HCV) core protein (CORE), the subcellular localization of different truncated genotype 1b HCV CORE was observed. Methods HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP-CORE) recombinant plasmids, which expresses EGFP and COREs from three different genotype lb HCV strains and different truncated COREs from one HCV strain. The localizations of different truncated COREs was analyzed by the laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescence microscope. Results N terminal 1-172 an of different HCV strains of genotype 1b expressed mainly in cytoplasm. Among the different truncated COREs, the longer of the CORE containing N terminal, the more expressed in cytoplasm. The N terminal 1-58 aa mainly expressed in nucleus. CORE of 59-126 aa and 127-172 aa expressed both in cytoplasm and nucleus. Conclusion The different localizations of different truncated COREs might have some relationships with their functions in pathogenesis.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 0 75% ropivacaine(8～10ml) versus 1% lidocaine plus 0 2% dicaine in epidural anesthesia cesarean section.Method Parturients for elective cesarean were randomly designed to receive 0 75% ropivacaine(groupⅠ,n=15) or 1%lidocaine plus 0 2% dicaine(groupⅡ,n=15) epidural anesthesia. Sensory block,intraoperative pain(VAS score) and abdominal wall relaxation were assessed together with adverse reaction. Results The percentage of sensory block to reach T6 level was higher in groupⅠ than that in groupⅡ(P

In the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),cell-cell adherence is disrupted,apico-basal polarity is lost,the ability of anti-apoptosis,migration and invasion is acquired.Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a member of the cold-shock protein superfamily,containing a structurally and functionally conserved cold shock domain.Studies indicate that YB-1 can promote the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating EMT.In the process of EMT mediated by YB-1,various transcription factors and signal pathways play important roles.

Objective To study the effect of MK801 on behavioral changes and the possible mechanisms. Methods To observe the behavioral changes of levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID) rats during the period of chronic MK801 treatment, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the changes in expression of FosB, preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA and prodynorphin (PDyn) mRNA in striatum, respectively. Double labling technique including immunohistochemistry of FosB and retrograde HRP transport tracing was used to observe the cell distribution of FosB. Results Pulsatile treatment with levodopa induced Abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) in PD rats, similar to LID in PD patients. FosB positive neurons and expressions of PPE mRNA and PDyn mRNA in striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned hemisphere were increased in LID rats, and AIM scores of LID rats were reduced by MK801 treatment(41.9?15.6 vs 7.2?3.0), accompanied by the decrease in expressions of FosB and PDyn mRNA, but not PPE mRNA. Neurons immunoreactive for FosB were mainly located in striatonigral neurons which were labeled by cholera toxin-HRP (CT-HRP) injected in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Conclusions MK801 could prevent the occurrence of dyskinesias induced by chronic levodopa treatment. The mechanism might be involved in the high expression of immediate early gene FosB and specific gene PDyn on the direct pathway. It suggests that LID might be related to the abnormal activity of direct pathway.

Objective To study the behavioral characteristics of a rat model of the levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and the related factors, and to define clinically the relevant methods for assessing akinesia and dyskinesia in LID rats. Methods Unilaterally lesioned rat model of Parkinson′s disease using 6-hydroxydopamine were treated by levodopa and benserazide once daily for 3 weeks, on the 21st day the acute systemic administration of MK-801 was performed 15 min prior to levodopa treatment to observe the behavior (abnormal involuntary movement, rotation behavior and forelimb stepping) and to estimate the quality of AIM by using the rat AIM rating scale. Immunohistochemical technique was used to measure the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which was then correlated to the AIM scores. Results Pulsatile treatment with a subthreshold dose of levodopa gradually induced abnormal involuntary movement (AIM), including stereotypy (limb dyskinesia, axial dystonia and masticatory dyskinesia) towards the side contralateral to the dopamine-denervated striatum and increased rotational behavior. The onset of AIM and motor pattern of each subtype was highly stereotypic across individual rats, and the proportion of each subtype was not consistent among individual rats. The number of TH-positive neurons in the VTA, but not in the SN, was significantly decreased in the LID rats compared with the non-LID rats. MK-801 prevented stereotypy but not rotational behavior. Contralateral forepaw performance was signi-ficantly improved after levodopa treatment, but gradually reduced with more and more severe AIM following repeated levodopa therapy. Conclusion Levodopa-induced rat AIM model of PD demonstrated similar properties with the levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD patients, and provided an effective tool for LID study. AIM rating and forelimb stepping test are useful for evaluating the dyskinesia and akinesia of PD rats.