Objective:To observe the effect of chitosan on tumor. Methods: Experiments of antitumor in vitro and in vivo were adopted in tumor-bearing mice. Results: Experiment in vitro demonstrated that chitosan had some killing effects on S 180、EAC and H 22 tumor cells, but it did not have directly killing effect on human body liver cancer. Experiment demonstrated that rate of inhibitory tumor was 66.0% or so, and it markedly increased thymus and spleen weights of tumor-bearing mice (TBM), and markedly inhanced the transformation rate of lymphocytes, it had markedly protective effect on thymus and spleen weights and different antagonisfic effect on the decrease in WBC、 neutrophil cell and loss of body weight induced from 5-Fu. Conclusion: Chitosan had more intensive antitumous effect and immunologic function of tumor-bearing mice and antagonisfic effect on bone marrow and immunologic inhibition induced from 5-Fu.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney.Methods Between May 2014 and June 2016,Clinical records of 17 cases of stones in a solitary kidney who underwent flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy were reviewed.10 of these cases were male and the others female;mean age of these cases was 45.8 (32-67) years.9 were on the left side while 8 were on the right.6 cases were with functional solitary kidney (with the GFR of the contralateral kidney less than 10ml/min),while 11 others were with anatomical solitary kidney (6 due to tumor,2 due to tuberculosis,3 being congenital).All cases underwent BUS,KUB as well as CTU to confirm diagnosis before surgery,with 8 diagnosed with renal pelvis calculi,5 were with upper or middle calyx calculi,and 4 were with subrenal calyx calculi.The mean ± SD size of the stones was 1.2 ± 0.3 cm.Clinical m anifestations were asymptomatic in 10cases,backache in 5 cases and fever in 2 cases.All patients underwent exams of CBC,urinalysis,liver and kidney function,coagulation function,ECG,chest X-ray as well as cleaning midstream urine cultivation after admission.Results Mean ± SD operation time among all cases was (74.2 ± 23.6) min,the amount of bleeding during surgery was 5-15 (mean:8) ml,duration of hospitalization was 3-12 (mean:4.5)days,ureteral stents are kept for an average time of 4 weeks after surgery.3 patients developed fever after operation,1 developed urosepsis;all these patients recovered after active anti-infection treatment.No post-operative complications such as fever,renal colic,hematuresis,ureteral perforation,active bleeding as well as sepsis were found among the other patients.The preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine had statistical difference (P ＜0.05).14 patients were proved to be stone-free by KUB or CTU.The stone-free rate after a single operation was 82.3％ (14/17).Residual stone were found in the 3 patients,who subsequently underwent a second flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy.The stone-free rate after a second operation was 94.1％.Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of nephrolithiasis in patients with a solitary kidney with a lower procedure-related injury rate,smaller amount of bleeding,a lower complication rate and a shorter time required to recover after surgery.

Objective To discuss the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) commonly seen in clinic based on data mining technology.Methods A multicenter study was conducted. 1 451 in-patients with CHF in 4 grade Ⅲ hospitals from December 2010 to September 2012 were enrolled. The cluster and factor methods were applied to synthetically analyze the data concerning the patients' information of four diagnostic methods in TCM, and the TCM syndromes commonly seen in patients with CHF and the preliminary diagnostic scheme were summarized.Results In these 1 451 cases, there were 43 items having been experienced standardization, including clinical symptoms and manifestations of tongue and pulse, and in the information concerning four diagnosis in TCM, there were 14 items whose incidences > 10%. The incidence of chest distress was the highest 89.18% (1 294 cases), followed by shortness of breath 66.16% (960 cases), and the lowest constipation 12.20% (177 cases). There were 4 commonly seen syndromes of CHF as follows: qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome (the major diagnostic bases: palpitation, shortness of breath, dark and red tongue with white fur, thin pulse; and the minor bases: chest distress and thin fur), yang deficiency water diffusion syndrome (major bases: edema of lower limbs, cough, expectoration, difficult urination, chilly, poor appetite, greasy fur, string pulse; minor bases: body strength weakness), phlegm heat obstructing lung syndrome (major bases: chest pain, cough and dyspnea in semi-reclining position, constipation, light tongue with yellow fur, deep, slippery or rapid pulse; minor bases: dizziness), and qi yin deficiency blood stasis syndrome (major bases: dry mouth, night sweating, frequent urination at night, teeth-marked tongue, purplish tongue, uneven or irregular pulse; minor bases: loose stool, headache, purplish lips, swollen tongue with little fur, moderate or weak pulse). The load intervals of each of the symptoms in CHF qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome were from -0.520 to 0.881, all the absolute values were greater than 0.520, and the common degrees extracted were 64.3% - 83.6%, which meant the 5 common factors could extract the original index information all over the common degree 64.3%. In yang deficiency water diffusion syndrome, the load intervals of each of symptoms were from0.732 to 0.983, all the absolute values were greater than 0.732, and the common degrees extracted were 58.2% - 96.9%; in phlegm heat obstructing lung syndrome, the load intervals of each of symptoms were 0.670 - 0.992, the all absolute values were greater than 0.670, and the common degrees extracted were 52.0% - 98.5%. In qi yin deficiency blood stasis syndrome, the load intervals of each of symptoms were 0.576 - 0.926, all the absolute values were greater than 0.576, and the common degrees extracted were 54.2% - 87.1%.Conclusion By application of data mining technology combined with clinical practice, the common TCM syndromes of patients with CHF can be analyzed objectively and comprehensively.

Objective To discuss the clinical features and treatment of ureteral obstruction resulted from vena genitalis compression.Methods 2 cases of hydronephrosis resulted from vena genitalis compression were discussed retrospectively,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Both of the 2 patients presenting with mild loin pain,and imaging studies showed hydronephrosis.One patients presenting with left hydronephrosis,and the other showed bilateral hydronephrosis.Imaging study showed ureter obstruction at L3-L4 level.Laparoscopic surgery found vena genitalis crossing and compressing the upper part of the ureter,resulted the upper ureter and pelvis dilation.Laparoscopic excision of vena genitalis were performed on these two cases.Results These patients'symptoms were relieved and hydronephrosis alleviated evidently 3 month after surgery in follow-up.Conclusions Hydronephrosis resulted from vena genitalis compression is a rare clinical manifestation.Classical imaging presents with ureter obstruction at L3-L5 level,at which the vena genitalis crossing the musculi psoas major.Ureter migrates outwards and the upper ureter and pelvis dilate.Pre-operative diagnosis is difficulty,but laparoscopic resection of the vena genitalis to relieve the obstruction of the ureter is recommended.

The aim of this study is to develop the real-time PCR assays to detect and qualify C. coli from stool specimen. The primers and probe were designed based on the specific sequence of ceuE gene in C. coli using Primer 5.0 and Vector NTI Suite 6.0 e. The PCR assay was optimized with the reference C. coli strains. The standard curve based on the dilutions of genomic DNA showed a linear relationship between log CFU/mL and threshold cycles. The detectable limitation was 5.62 CFU/mL by using purified DNA from bacteria culture. The reproducibility of this assay was assessed by calculating the variation of the threshold cycle value and the slope from test repeats for the same strains and different strains. Our results indicate that the developed assay has high sensitivity and specificity for identification of C. coli.

BACKGROUND: In valerian-ligusticum extract (VLE), valeriana offici nalis extract (VOE) is γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor kinetin, which can relax cerebral vascular spasm; ligusticum wallichii Fr. Extraxt (LWE)can pass through blood-brain barrier, enhance microcirculation of tissue and inhibit blood platelet aggregation and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of VLE prepared with effective components on prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.DESIGN:Complete randomized, negative and positive control experiment.SETTING: Institute of Senile Medicine and Pharmacology of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Senile Medicine Pharmacology of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of ent blood perfusion in brain tissue: Fifty Kunming mice were employed,which was randomized into normal group, solvent control (model) group,ligustrazine 50 mg/kg group, VLE 170 mg/kg group and VLE 85 mg/kg Fifty Wistar rats were employed, which was randomized into solvent control (model) group, compound danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 5 g/kg group,VLE 156 mg/kg group, VLE 94 mg/kg group and VLE 31.3 mg/kg group,Sixty Wistar rats were employed, which was randomized into sham-operation group, solvent control (model) group, ligustrazine 10 mg/kg group, VLE 156 mg/kg group, VLE 95 mg/kg group and VLE 31.3 mg/kg, 10 mice in each were employed, which was randomized into normal group, solvent control (model) group, ligustrazine 10 mg/kg group, VLE 200 mg/kg group and VLE 40 mg/kg, 10 mice in each one.sue, in advance, VLE (85, 170 mg/kg), ligustrazine (50 mg/kg) or solvent enhancer of equal volume (0.2 mL) were injected abdominally in each group. Twenty minutes later, pituitrin (2.5 u/kg) was injected intravenously; and 10 minutes later, isotope 99Tcm+ L, L-EthylCysteinate Dimer and Stannous Chloride (ECD) 3.7×1010Bq/ L(0.1 mL/per mouse) was injected in coccygeal nerve. Fifteen minutes later, radio-immunity counter was used periment of arteral-ovenous bypass method for thrombosis, before the opercal saline successively, continuously for 7 days, once per day. After 24 hours of medication pause, with abdominal anesthesia with pentobarbitol sodium, a catheter (with surgical thread inside) was used in vitro to connect common cervical vein and carotid artery. Thrombus mass was scaled 15 dominal anesthesia of chloral hydrate, intraluminal thread approach (ITA)was used to block unilateral MCA. Except that ITA was not used, the other management in sham-operation group was same as experimental groups.Gastric perfusion was done with VLE(156, 94, 31.3 mg/kg), ligustrazine operation and 3 hours and 12 hours after operation. 24 hours after modeling, the assessment was done for behavioral neurological damage and brain sive cerebral ischemia experiment, the model was prepared by coccygeal injection of collagen + adrenalin (AD). Respectively, 30 minutes before modeling injection and 1 hour after injection, gastric perfusion was done with VLE (200, 40 mg/kg), ligustrazine (10 mg/kg) or solvent enhancer of equal volume successively to observe the numbers of dead mice in 5 minutes after modeling and the numbers of hemiplegia mice in 15 minutes;and to determine brain mass index 8 hours later after sacrificed and lactic acid level of brain tissue homogenate with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.group.RESULTS: In the experiment of acute extensive brain ischemia in mice, in solvent control, during modeling, 3 mice were died and the rest 207 mice brain tissue in mice, the ratios of brain with and blood γ ray pulsating intensity in VLE 85 mg/kg group and VLE 170 mg/kg were higher than model group (0.53±0.09, 0.55±0.08, 0.45±0.08, t=2.234 6, 2.793 3, P method in rats, the thrombus masses in VLE 156 mg/kg group, 94 mg/kg group and 31.3 g/kg group were lower remarkably than the model group [(12.66±4.79), (13.31 ±3.97), (13.49±4.09), (19.21±5.76) g, (t=2.667 0,31.3 mg/kg group, 94 mg/kg group and 156 mg/kg group was lower remarkably than model group successively [(5.9±1.9), (6.0±2.0), (5.8±2.2),(8.7±0.9) score], and cerebral infarction index was lower than model group [(16.52±5.78)%,(16.54±3.00)%, (14.18±6.13)%, (24.03±4.85)%, (t=3.118 9-chemia in mice, brain mass indexes of VLE 40 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were lower remarkably than model group [(0.91 ±0.20) and (0.82±0.24)%, (1.40±0.32)%], and lactic acid in brain tissue was lower than model group [(17.44±6.71),(14.43±2.81), (29.07±7.33) μmol/g (t=3.388 5-5.800 5, P＜ 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Valerian-liqusticum extract improves significantly cerebral ischemia in mice induced by pituitrin and the damage by medium cerebral artery embolism in rats, and it inhibits significantly blood platelet aggregation and thrombosis induced by AD+ collagen mixture or foreign objects. It is suggested that valerian-ligustrazine extract prevents and treats significantly the perfusion disturbance of cerebral microcirculation.

Objective To assess the prevalence of Campylobacter in the children with acute bacterial diarrhea in Shanghai.Methods Epidemiological survey.Totally 6 641 children with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea from outpatients and inpatients in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were submitted to the investigation during January 2011 to December 2012.The Campylobacter was isolated from stool samples collected from subjects in micro aerobic environment and identified by both multi-PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF MS ) .Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were assayed by disk-diffusion method according to EUCAST standard.The isolates molecular typing was done by PFGE.SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the results.Results A total number of 6 641 subjects were enrolled, among them, 305 patients were infected with Campylobacter.The prevalence rate was 4.6%(305/6 641).Among the infected patients, 240 patients were infected with Campylobacter jejuni and 65 patients were infected with Campylobacter coli, the infectious rates of these two pathogenic bacteria were 3.6%and 1.0%, respectively.The peak infectious rate in patients older than 1 year of age was 6.2%(209/3 385) which was higher than that in children under 1 year of age (2.9%, 96/3 256),χ2 =35.98,P<0.001.The infectious rate in winter and spring (6.8%, 138/2 040) was higher than that in the other seasons ( 3.6%, 167/4 601 ) ,χ2 =28.59, P <0.001.Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that 91.5%( 279/305 ) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 11.8%( 36/305 ) isolates were resistant to erythromycin.A total of 9 genotypes of Campylobacter were found by PFGE cluster analysis.The similarity were ranged from 65.1%-100.0%for type A, 67.6%-100.0%for type B, 61.7%-100.0%for type C, 59.0%-100.0%for type D, 71.4%for type F, 80.0%for type H, 54.4%-90.9%for type I, and only one strain was classified as type E and G.Conclusions Campylobacter is a major pathogenic bacteria associated with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea in children especially in children older than 1 year of age in Shanghai.The prevalent pattern of this pathogen was sporadic and the sharp peak was in winter and spring.The isolates are highly resistant to ciprofloxacin but still sensitive to erythromycin.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large renal cell carcinoma (＞7 cm) between retroperitoneal approach and transperitoneal approach.Methods From Jan 2008 to Dec 2013,the data of 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large renal tumor(＞7 cm) in our hospital were reviewed.There were 41 male patients and 27 female patients,whose age ranged from 43 to 73 (mean 58.4t6.9) years old.The size of tumor was between 7.0 to 12.5 cm (mean 8.9± 1.1 cm).Left renal tumor was found in 37 patients and right renal tumor in 31 patients.Clinical stages of the tumors were T2 to T3.All patients were undergone the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy,including retroperitoneal approach in 42 cases (observation group)and transperitoneal approach in 26 cases (control group).The exclusive criteria included inferior vena cava tumor thrombus,lymphatic or distant metastasis,previous operation history in the same region,multiple tumors.There were no significant differences in the age,gender,tumor size and location within two groups (P＞0.05).The perioperative indexes and oncological outcomes,such as operation time,blood loss,incidence of blood transfusion,incidence of SIRS,postoperative hospital stay,complications and follow-up results,were collected and compared between two groups.Results Conversion occurred in two cases from observation group and one case from control group.Operative time in observation group was significantly shorter than that in control group (114.9±24.4 min vs.131.2±29.9 min,P＜0.05).Bowel function recovered more rapidly in observation group than in control group (1.7±0.6 d vs.2.2±0.6 d,P＜0.05).However,the estimated blood loss,the incidence of blood transfusion,the postoperative hospital stay,the incidence of SIRS and perioperative complications showed similar results in the 2 groups (P＞0.05).The histopathological examination confirmed renal cell carcinoma in all cases.Observation group included 35 pT2 stage and 7 pT3a stage cases,while control group consisted of 21 pT2 stageand 5 pT3a stage cases.The follow-up duration ranged from 4 to 38 months (mean 17 months).Mean overall survival were 17.1 months in observation group and 18.7 months in control group.Progression free survival time was 15.7 months in observation group and 17.1 months in control group.Cox survival analysis showed that only pre-operative stage of the tumor were independent risk factor for the survival time (P=0.018) and progression free survival time (P=0.020),while the operative approach was not the independent risk factor (P=0.298,0.314).Conclusions For large renal tumors (＞7 cm),laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was safe and feasible.Compared to the transperitoneal approach,retroperitoneal approach cost less operative time and faster bowel recovery.But the operation approach is not an independent risk factor for the survival time and progression free survival time.

Objective To propose SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system for assessing and predicting the stone-free rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) and to investigate the clinical value of SHA.LIN scoring system for nephrolithiasis in patients undergoing PCNL .Methods A literature review from 1976 to 2014 was performed to identify clinically relevant and reproducible variables that could affect the outcomes of PCNL. Six reproducible variables available from preoperative noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography were measured , including stone size ( S) , hydronephrosis ( H) , anatomic distribution (A), length of tract(L), indicator of CT(I), number of involved calices(N) and was named as SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system .A retrospective analysis was conducted of clinical data of 116 patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing PCNL from June 2011 to March 2015. The general conditions , preoperative information , stone characteristics and perioperative variables were collected . The correlation of nephrolithometry scores based on SHA.LIN scoring system with stone-free status, operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were analyzed . Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curves was drawn to detect sensitivity and specificity of SHA .LIN score in predicting the stone-free rates of PCNL.Results The SHA.LIN score was 9.13 ±2.24 in this cohort.The stone free rate was 75.9%(88/116).Postoperative complications occurred in 32 (27.6%) cases.In those patients with stone
free, the SHA.LIN score was 8.27 ±1.62, significantly lower than that in those patients with residual stones 11.86 ±1.72 ( t =-10.069, P=0.000) .The SHA.LIN score showed significant correlation with the postoperative stone free status, operation time, estimated blood loss (P<0.01).But, it did not correlate with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (P>0.05).The area under curve of ROC curves for the SHA.LIN scoring system was 0.923 ( 95%CI 0.870 -0.975 ) . Conclusions The SHA.LIN nephrolithometry scoring system can predict postoperative stone-free status of PCNL and can be used for disease related assessment.Further research is required to evaluate its performance in predicting peri-operative variables and postoperative complications .