Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation after mannitol pretreatment on behavioral performance and synaptophysin expression in the CA3 region in hippocampus of vascular dementia (VD) rats.Methods The BMSCs of rats were isolated and purified by the whole bone marrow adherence method.The rats were subjected for permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries at an interval of 3 days for each carotid artery.At the same time,Sham group was set in parallel.Four weeks after modeling,the VD rats were divided randomly into five groups:(1) VD control group; (2) culture media group; (3) mannitol group; (4) BMSCs group;(5) mannitol with BMSCs group.Morris water maze performance and synaptophysin expression in the CA3 region in hippocampus were observed at 4 weeks after transplantation.Results The morris water maze performance significantly improved in mannitol with BMSCs group when compared with BMSCs group,VD control group,culture media group,mannitol group.Moreover,the escape latency of fifth day decreased significantly ((9.3 ±2.9),(14.1 ±3.5),(23.5 ±4.4),(22.8 ±4.4),(23.2 ±2.8) s,F =43.900,P =0.000)),and the platform quadrant residence time increased significantly ((40.8 ± 6.3),(34.9 ±5.8),(26.4±4.8),(27.4 ±7.0),(28.5 ±6.2) s,F=13.000,P=0.000)).The synaptophysin expressions of the hippocampal CA3 region were significantly increased in the mannitol with BMSCs group (39 624 ± 7798) when compared with BMSCs group,VD control group,culture media group,mannitol group (27060 ±4668,18 294 ±6446,19 956 ±4244,18 946 ±4953,F =39.206,P =0.000).Conclusions Intravenous BMSCs transplantation after mannitol pretreatment improves the behavioral performance of VD rats and facilitates the synaptophysin expression of hippocampal CA3 region in VD rats than BMSCs transplantation alone.Mannitol pretreatment can amplify the therapeutic effect of intravenous BMSCs transplantation in VD rats.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients.Methods:The clinical data of 140 patients with gallstones or gallstones complicated with choledocholithiasis treated at our hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The results showed gallstones≥ 10 mm (χ 2=7.896, P=0.019), parapapillary diverticulum (χ 2=10.849, P=0.013), the number of gallstones (single vs. multiple) (χ 2=9.760, P=0.080), age ( t=2.767, P=0.006), diameter of common bile duct ( t=8.068, P=0.000), total bilirubin level ( t=2.372, P=0.019), alkaline phosphatase ( t=2.448, P=0.016), significantly related to the formation of common bile duct stones. Logistic regression analysis showed that gallstone ≥ 10 mm, common bile duct dilatation, parapapillary diverticulum and multiple gallstones were all independent risk factors for choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients. Conclusion:A variety of risk factors were responsible for the formation of choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients.

Objective:To study the impact of selective occlusion of hepatic arterial blood flow in external capsule excision for hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 80 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who underwent surgical treatment from January 2017 to January 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. There were 36 males and 44 females, with an average age of 47 years. All patients underwent external capsule excision of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. According to the type of intraoperative blood flow occlusion, the patients were divided into: group A ( n=42), selective occlusion of hepatic artery; group B ( n=38), Pringle’s maneuvre. The hospitalization stay, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ventilation time and complications were compared between the two groups. The postoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, and total bilirubin were compared between the two groups. Results:The intraoperative blood loss (215.7±29.6) ml, postoperative ventilation time (2.3±0.1)d, and hospital stay (11.6±1.0) d in group A were better than those in group B (254.8±20.6) ml, (3.2±0.2) d, (12.7±0.7) d, the differences were significant (all P<0.05). There were 4 patients (9.5%) who developed postoperative complications in group A and 5 patients (13.2%) in group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Group A had better ALT, AST, albumin, and total bilirubin on day 3 after operation, and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). The ALT (62.8±5.2) U/L, AST (32.7±2.6) U/L, albumin (39.1±0.3) g/L, total bilirubin (12.1±0.5) μmol/L in Group A were better than group B (121.9±5.6) U/L, (53.9±8.0) U/L, (32.2±0.6) g/L, (19.3±0.9) μmol/L on day 5 after operation, the differences were significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Selective occlusion of the hepatic artery in external capsule excision for hepatic cystic echinococcosis was superior to the traditional Pringle’s maneuver in controlling intraoperative bleeding and postoperative liver function recovery.

Objective:To analyze the treatment and the impact of brain metastases on patients with hepatic alveolar hydatid disease.Methods:The data of 11 patients with hepatic alveolar hydatidosis with brain metastases treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 4 females. The age range was 19~49 years, with an average of 34 years. Of 11 patients, 7 were treated with surgery combined with drugs and 4 with drugs only. Analyze the treatment and results of patients.Results:Of the 7 patients who were treated with surgery and drugs, 2 patients underwent hepatectomy. They were treated with regular postoperative oral medication and were well on follow-up. Three patients underwent only brain surgery. On follow-up from 1 to 3 years, one patient developed pneumonia with atelectasis, another patient developed ascites and jaundice with physical decline. The third patient was stable and had an independent life. Two patients underwent partial hepatectomy and hydatidectomy, with one patient requiring repeated hydatidectomies. On follow-up for one of these 2 patients for 5 years, the patient was home bound and could not take care of himself. The other patient was followed up for 3 years and was stable, alive and able of self-care. Four patients were treated with albendazole liposome, including one patient who developed ascites, a second one with weight loss, physical decline, limb edema and a third one with pleural effusion, pelvic effusion and pneumonia. These patients were still alive with improvement of symptoms on supportive treatment.Conclusion:The treatment of hepatic alveolar hydatidosis with brain metastases is still mainly surgery and anti-hydatid drugs. The prognosis of most patients was poor. The surgical principle is neurosurgery first, followed by surgery on liver, lung, spleen and other organs involved by hydatid disease.

Objective: To invastigate how to differentiate the single cystic hepatic hydatidosis from single hepatic cysts. Methods: From Apr 2014 to Aug 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 30 cases of liver single cystic diseases were misdiagnosed·Relevant clinical data were compared including medical history, imaging features, immunological examination etc. Results: 18 cases of echinococcosis were misdiagnosed as hepatic cysts before operation, and 12 patients with hepatic cysts were misdiagnosed as hepatic cystic echinococcosis before operation.There were no significant differences between the two groups in eosinophil count (Eo#)(t=1.35, P>0.05), albumin (t=0.38, P>0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (t=0.99, P>0.05), and CT values(t=0.85, P>0.05). The results suggest that anti-EgCF antibody(χ²=4.26, P<0.05) and EgB antibody (χ²=7.26, P<0.05) are of significantly differential value in the identification of the two diseases. Conclusion Levels of anti-EgB and anti-EgCF antibodies to hepatic cystic echinococcosis are higher than that to single hepatic cysts.