Epidermnoid cysts are henign, cutaneous cysts which commonly occur on face, neck and trunk. Retroauricular epidermoid cyst is rare reported which should be differentiated from auricle pseudocyst, lipoma, steatocystoma and fibroma. The hitopathological examination is a gold standard of diagnosis. Surgery of complete excision is the first choice of treatment methods.
Ear, External ; pathology ; Epidermal Cyst ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans

Objective　To explore the relationship of defense style and mental health in student of middle school. Method 203 middle student were investigated with Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). Results There were no significant difference for 4 factors of DSQ in man／female and advance middle school or not(P>0.05); there were significant difference for immature defense mechanism and middle type factor ,and conceal factor in high-symptom score team with that of low-symptom sore team(P<0.01) and it is positive-correlation with each factor-score and total score of SCL-90. Conclusion School and family need to pay attention to the higher correlation in the total score of SCL-90 with immature defense mechanism and middle type factor and conceal factor.

Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Health Policy ; Leadership ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

BACKGROUND: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system existed in bone tissue. Recent studies on antihypertensive drugs found that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor type antihypertensive drug was possibly effective for osteoporosis. Perindopril is one of the commonly used antihypertensive drugs. Whether perindopril affected bone metabolism or could be used in anti-osteoporosis has not been reported.
OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of perindopril on bone metabolism in a rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid.
METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, with ten in each group. In the model group and each perindopril groups, rats were intragastricaly administered retinoic acid solution 80 mg/kg per day. After successful model establishment, rats in different perindopril groups were intragastrical y administered perindopril 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg per day, once a day, for 42 consecutive days. In the normal control and model groups, rats were given an equal volume of distil ed water. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone mass and bone mineral density were detected in each group. Expression of bone specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase mRNA in bone tissue was determined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, after treatment with perindopril, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were increased, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly decreased, bone mass and bone mineral density were obviously increased in rats with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis. Expression of bone specific alkaline phosphatase mRNA was higher in the perindopril 8 mg/kg group than in the perindopril 2 and 4 mg/kg groups and model group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase mRNA expression was higher in the perindopril 8 mg/kg group than in the model group. These results indicated that perindopril could improve partial bone metabolic biochemical markers in osteoporosis rats, promoted bone formation by up-regulating bone specific alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression, and had a certain preventive effect on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis.

Objective To analyze warfarin anticoagulation therapy for patients after heart valve replacement,and to explore an optimal intensity of warfarin anticoagulation.Methods The administration method,international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring of 265 patients who received warfarin anticoagulation therapy after heart valve replacement were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into three groups according to different valve prostheses:aortic valve replacement (AVR) group (37 cases),mitral valve replacement (MVR) group (165 cases) and double valve replacement (DVR) group (63 cases).Each group was divided into two subgroups according to their INR levels (INR 1.5-2.0,INR 2.1-2.5).The occurrence of bleeding and thromboembolic events in these subgroups were compared.Results A total of 265 cases were visited,and followed up for 4 months to 6 years.The dose of warfarin was 0.625-7.500 (2.5 ± 1.4) mg/d.The incidence of anticoagulation adverse events was 23 cases.The incidence of bleeding events was 6.79％ (18/265),which was higher than that of thromboembolic events (1.89％,5/265),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Four cases of the hemiplegia sequelae occurred and 2 cases died.The incidence of bleeing events in patients with INR1.5-2.0 in AVR group,MVR group and DVR group were 0 (0/20),3.57％ (3/84),2.70％ (1/37),in patients with INR 2.1-2.5 were 1/17,11.11％ (9/81),15.38％ (4/26),and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of thromboembolic events between INR 1.5-2.0 and INR 2.1-2.5 in AVR group,MVR group and DVR group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions After heart valve replacement,the anticoagulation therapy with warfarin is effective and safe to maintain the low intensity anticoagulation (INR1.5-2.0).AVR and MVR/DVR may benefit from a treatment strategy with levels ranging from 1.5-1.8 and 1.8-2.0,and the anticoagulation therapy of individuation should be formulated according to different conditions.

Objective In order to study the difference of depression-like behaviours among three widelyused stress models in rats.Methods The new-born Spragne-Dawley rats were randomly divided into maternal deprivation(MD) group(n=27),chronic mild stress(CMS) group (n=29),dual stress(DS) group ( n=31 ) and control (C) group ( n =30) on postnatal day 1.MD rats only received maternal deprivation.CMS rats only received chronic mild stress when 10 weeks old.DS rats received both maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress.Control rats received no experimental handling.Behavior tests including forced swimming test and sucrose consumption which were carried out to evaluate rats' depression-like behaviors in the thirteenth weeks.The extend time of floating and sucrose preference ratio should be recorded in the forced swimming test and sucrose consumption test respectively to reflect the behavior of helplessness and anhedonia of rats.Results In the forced swimming test,the extend floating time of MD group( 119.30 ± 65.56) s,CMS group ( 145.00 ± 80.24) s and DS group ( 170.03 ±61.75 )s were longer than the control group(81.14 ± 52.40)s (F =11.53,P ＜ 0.01 ).In the sucrose consumption test,the MD group(0.32 ± 0.22) had a low sucrose consumption.The comparison of the MD group and CMS group (0.43 ± 0.28 ) to the control group (0.54 ± 0.28 ) had significant differences (F =4.33,P ＜ 0.01 ).In these four groups,no sexual difference was found in the forced swimming test and sucrose consumption test ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The results suggest that MD,CMS and DS may induce some kind of depression-like behaviors in rodents such as anhedonia or the behavior of helplessness and the depression-like behaviors induced by different stresses are similar in male and female individuals.

Animals ; Carps ; physiology ; Galvanic Skin Response ; drug effects ; physiology ; Skin ; cytology ; Strychnine ; pharmacology ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; physiology

BACKGROUND: A majority scholars views that polymorphism of angiotensinogen T174M gene is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of coronary heart disease, hypertension and myocardial infarction.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between the variation of angiotensinogen T174M gene and myocardial infarction.DESIGN: Case-controlled verified experiment.SETTING: Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Science Faculty of North China Coal Medical College,and Department of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five cases of myocardial infarction were collected from outpatients and inpatients in Department of Cardiac Vascular Internal Medicine of Worker's Hospital Affiliated to North China Coal Medical College in Tangshan from September 2002 to September 2003, of which,29 cases were males and 26 cases females, aged (60±8) years. At the same time, 60 cases (health control) were selected from the people who received clinical physical health check (without repeated physical check), of which,32 cases were males and 28 cases females, aged (60±10) years. The cases selected had no manifestation of coronary heart disease, without history myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction in family and the participants were in the know of the research.INTERVENTIONS: Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the genetic sequence of No.174 DAN residue involved in No.2 exon of angiotensinogen gene. Electrophoresis was used after variated with Nco I restriction endonuclease.Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried on angiotensinogen genotype. Simultaneously,the relevant risk factors of coronary heart disease were detected in two groups, such as blood pressure, body mass, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose, etc.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of genotype, frequency of genotype and frequency of allele in two groups. ② Analysis on risk factors of two groups.RESULTS: Totally 115 cases of objects all accomplished the design and entered result analysis. ① Frequency of angiotensinogen genotype: in myocardial infarction group, TT 75％ (41/55), TM 18％ (10/55), MM 7％ (4/55) and in control group, TT 83％ (50/60), TM 15％ (9/60), MM 2％ (1/60). Frequency of allele of M174 and T174 were 16％ (18/110), 84％ (92/110) and 9％ (11/120), 91％ (109/120) in myocardial infarction group and control group respectively. Frequency of allele of M174 in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=5.79,P ＜ 0.05). By the division of sex, the frequency M and T alleles of both male and female in experiment group was basically identical to control group. Angiotensinogen 174MM genotype in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (x2= 7.55, P ＜ 0.025). ② Comparison of risk factors: The percentage of smoking history in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (P = 0.006). After correction of essential risk factors of coronary heart disease, angiotensinogen 174MM gene still increased significantly the risk of myocardial infarction (Odds ratio was 3.66, P= 0.018).CONCLUSION: Angiotensinogen genotype is related to the occurrence of myocardial infarction. M allele is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of myocardial infarction and T allele prevents from myocardial infarction. The attack of myocardial infarction is not relevant to sex, but angiotensinogen 174TM gene is one of the essential risk factors of myocardial infarction.

Objective:Occult breast cancer (OBC) accounts for 0.3%-1.0%of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of this dis-ease, its treatment and prognosis remain unclear. Our study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with OBC. Methods:A total of 82 patients diagnosed with OBC based on available criteria were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, between January 1968 and June 2014. Except for 16 patients who were treated by needle biopsy or excisional biopsy only and were subsequently excluded, all of the cases reported were included in the study. Of the remaining 66 patients, one was male. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and treatment and outcome variables were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. A unicentric retrospective review of 66 patients with OBC was performed. Re-sults:The median follow-up was 75.5 months (7.0-328.0). No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between patients who underwent mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection (Mast+ALND) and those who underwent breast conservation surgery (P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that nodal status is a significant prognosis factor of DFS (P=0.031). Conclusion:No significant difference in treatment outcomes between mastectomy+ALND and breast conservation surgery was observed. Nodal status may be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in OBC patients.

Objective To investigate the possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods The level of serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA in eighty type 2 diabetic patients including thirty subjects without diabetic nephropathy , twenty with microalbuminuria and thirty with macroalbuminuria, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with macroalbuminuria were both significantly higher than that of patients with and without microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than that of patients without diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). Both VEGF and ES level were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (mAlb) (r=0.226, P<0.01; r=0.491, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.237, P<0.05;r=-0.620, P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (r1=0.633, P1<0.01; r2=0.532, P2<0.05). However, there was no correlation between VEGF and ES in patients without diabetic nephropathy (r3=0.175, P3>0.05). Conclusion The levels of VEGF and ES in type 2 diabetic nephropathy had varying degree of increasing in different diabetic nephropathy stage , and closely related to mAlb and eGFR. Disequilibrium of VEGF and ES may speed up the progression of diabetic nephropathy.