Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; metabolism

Argentina ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Russia ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; epidemiology ; Urban Population

Objective To improve the related substances analysis method of cobamamide.And to further research light degradation characteristics of cobamamide.Methods Determined the related substances of solid and aqueous solution of cobamamide after light degradation by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) conditions,which is Merck Hibar C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5μm), 0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 solution:acetonitrile (90:10) -80% acetonitrile as mobile by gradient elution and detection wavelength 260 nm.And compared their light stability.The main three kinds of light degradation impurities were determinate from LC-MS.Results Gradient elution made the light degradation impurities separate better.The results of precision and reproducibility tests increased to RSD =0.2% (n=6) and RSD =8% (n=5) from RSD =3.8% (n =6) and RSD=38%(n=5). Cobamamide solution was very sensitive to light, the preparation should be strict dark operation.Two of the light degradation impurities were adenosine and hydroxycobalamin, with the relative response factor 2.5 and 0.7.Conclusion New method is specific, durable and reproducible, which can be used for quality control of cobamamide.

Objective:By exploring the epidemic level and related factors of depressive symptoms,to provide the references for improving mental health of the physical disabled.Methods:The data were from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database.Persons with self-reported physical disabled were selected as subjects,and a total of 974 valid ones were obtained,with the average age of (62 ± 10) yeats.The depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D),with the cut-off score of equal or higher than 10 as having depressive symptom.The independent variables included age,gender,education level,marital status,urban and rural areas,self-rated general health,self-rated heating,self-rated memorizing,life satisfaction,smoking,drinking,sleep duration,chronic diseases,activity of daily life,social activity,family support,and disability periods.Chi-square test was used to analyze the effect of each factor on prevalence of depressive symptoms.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of multi-factors.Results:The prevalence of depressive symptom among the physical disabled was 46.1％.The subjects who were female,single,suffered from chronic disease,without family support,short-time sleeper were more likely to have depressive symptoms than the controls (OR =1.35,1.62,1.60,1.67,2.58;P ＜0.05).The subjects who had better self-rated general health,better self-rated hearing,better self-rated memorizing,better life satisfaction were less likely to have depressive symptoms than the controls (OR =0.38,0.53,0.47,0.09;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the prevalence of depressive symptoms is higher among the physical disabled aged 45 years of age or older.It should take appropriate measures to reduce emotinal problems for them.

Objective To analyze the Alb-cre/DTR mouse phenotype, and establish a model of induced liver damage to serve basic researches of liver diseases.Methods The introduced Alb-cre and DTR mice were crossed to obtain Alb-cre/DTR mice and the genomic DNAs were extracted from the tail tissue of the mice for genotying by PCR.Diphtheria toxin was intraperitoneally(i.p.)injected into the Alb-cre/DTR mice, then the body weights were monitored and the sera were collected for the detection of serum ALT and AST levels.Results By crossing Alb-cre and DTR mice we obtained the Alb-cre and DTR double transgenic mouse.The intraperitoneal injection of diphtheria toxin in a dose of 0.625 ng/g body weight significantly induced liver injury in these mice, as showed by the elevated levels of ALT and AST, the gross appearance of liver damage and the pathological changes such as necrosis in the liver tissue.Conclusions We have ob-tained a novel mouse strain of Alb-cre/DTR by crossing Alb-cre and DTR mice.Liver damages in those Alb-cre/DTR mice can be induced by injection of diphtheria toxin.This established mouse model of inducible liver damage is a useful platform for the studies of liver damage and recovery, as well as liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND:316L-Cu antibacterial stainless steel is made by adding a certain amount of copper into the stainless steel fol owed by a special heat treatment to uniformly disperse copper-rich precipitates in stainless steel substrate, thereby harvesting the antibacterial properties. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Cu ions released from 316L type Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steels against Porphyromonas gingivalis, thereby providing biomedical evidence for its clinical application. METHODS:The medical 316L stainless steel samples at a surface area to volume ratio of 0.1 cm2/L were soaked in simulated body fluids at 37 ℃ for 1-10 days. A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed to detect the amount of Cu release in the simulated body fluids each day and then the rate of Cu release per day could be determined. The antibacterial activities of the steel samples were evaluated by a standard film-covered method under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The daily Cu releasing amount from the 316L-Cu stainless steel within 10 days was significantly higher than that of 316L stainless steel, and al the values remained nearly constant. With time, the sterilizing rate of 316L-Cu stainless steel was gradual y increased, and reached 100%until the 10th hour. Porphyromonas gingivalis showed some morphological changes at 3 hours after treated with 316L-Cu stainless steel, appeared with cleavage at 6 hours, and mostly disintegrated into pieces at 9 hours. The results indicated that the 316L-Cu antibacterial stainless steel showed excel ent antibacterial property against Porphyromonas gingivalis, slowly release Cu irons, and alter the surrounding microenvironment, which is a highly promising biomaterial and has good clinical value.

Objective To observe the blood flow changes of left ventricular cavity and quantify the energy loss (EL) and circulation of left ventricular during systole and diastole in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) via vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers and 32DCM patients were enrolled.According to the severity of mitral regurgitation(MR),DCM patients were divided into two groups.The quantitative parameters,including average energy loss(EL-base,EL mid,EL-apex) and circulation (vortex quantity,vortex area,circulation) were measured in the different periods of VFM imaging mode in apical four-chamber view,apical three-chamber view and apical two-chamber view respectively.The difference of parameters was evaluated between different groups during the different periods.The early transmitral valve blood flow velocity E,the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity A,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral valve velocity E/e,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity E/A and Tei index were derived via dual-Doppler imaging technology.Meanwhile,the correlation between VFM parameters with E,A,E/A,E/e or Tei index was also analyzed.Results ①The level of EL were decreased significantly among EL-mid and EL-apex during early diastole,EL-mid during mid-systole,EL-mid and EL-apex during late-systole (P ＜0.05),when compared with the control group.The vortex quantity,vortex area and circulation during early diastole and the vortex area and circulation during atrial contraction period were significantly different between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).As for mid-diastole,only vortex area showed significant difference (P ＜0).01).(②) When compared with different grades of MR in DCM patients,the level of all segments EL during diastole and EL-base during systole increased with severity of MR(P ＜0.05).The circulation during diastole also increased with the severity of MR(P ＜0.05).③The vortex area and circulation had positive correlation with E/e during diastole in all subjects(all P ＜0.05).The vortex area during atrial contraction period and early diastole had positive correlation with E/A and Tei index in all subjects(r =0.630,0.345,0.468,0.316,0.663,0.264,respectively,allP ＜0.01).EL-mid during late-systole were negatively correlated with LV end diastolic volume,end systolic volume,but positively correlated with ejection fraction in all subjects(r =0.335,-0.312,0.340,respectively,all P ＜0.05).While,there was positive correlation between E/A with the basal segment of mid-diastole(r =0.376,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The visualization of hydromechanics inside the heart of DCM patients could be directly accomplished by VFM,which can provide a new method for diagnosis and evaluation of DCM.

AIM :To investigate the association of primary open-glaucoma (POAG), intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic blood pressure in a rural population aged 50 years old or above in Shaanxi Province, China.METHODS: In the population-based, cross-sectional study, 1 775 (83.53%) residents, aged 50 years old or above, from 3 counties of Shaanxi Province, China, undertook an interview with a standard questionnaire and a detailed eye examination, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry and dilated fundus examination. Two blood pressure reading in the sitting position were taken. Gonioscopy was performed if a narrower peripheral anterior chamber (less than one fourth of the corneal thickness) was indicated. Automated visual field testing was performed by participants assessed to have suspicion of glaucomatous disc damage or if IOP was 22mmHg or higher.RESULTS: IOP significantly correlated with systemic blood pressure, and both IOP and systolic blood pressure increased significantly with increasing age. No association between POAG and hypertension was found. The frequency of POAG increased significantly with lower diastolic perfusion pressure.CONCLUSION: Data in our study are accordance with those reported in other population-based studies, and confirm that lower diastolic perfusion pressure is a significant risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma.

AIM: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a rural population in Shaanxi Province of China.METHODS: A total of 2 835 (81.00%) people aged 40 years old or more, from Fuping county, Jingbian county and Yang county of Shaanxi Province, China, underwent a comprehensive interview and a relative eye examination. The present of AMD was classified into neovascular AMD (NV) and pure geographic atrophy (GA) by using direct ophthalmoscopy for fundus examination according to International Classification System.RESULTS: The prevalence (95% CI) of AMD was 3.00% (2.42, 3.71) in this population, of which NV accounted for 1.45% (1.05, 1.98) and 1.55% (1.14, 2.10)for GA. The prevalence of AMD increased significantly with increasing age (P ＜0.001). AMD was present in 0.47% of participants aged 40 to 49 years, rising to 11.90% of participants older than 80 years, of which the corresponding data increased from 0.28% to 4.76% for NV and from 0.19% to 7.14% for GA. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of NA and GA between genders in this population. With multiple logistic analyses, apart from advancing age, only smoking was found to have a strong association with any type of AMD.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of AMD in the rural population of Shaanxi Province of China is lower than that reported from other population-based studies in different provinces of China, less than that reported in whites, more than that reported in blacks. Except increasing age, smoking is also a significant well-known risk factor for AMD.

· AIM: To assess the prevalence and related risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma in a rural population for 40 years of age or older in Shaanxi Province.· METHODS: By using a stratified, cluster-based, random sampling technique, 8 500 persons of all ages were selected randomly, including 3 500 those aged 40 years or more, from the North, the South and the Middle of Shaanxi Province in Western China from July to December in 2003. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and those questions related to glaucoma of previous diagnosis and treatment, family history and outbreak history. Then a detailed and relative eye examination was performed, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, external eye examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The intraocular pressure was measured with Perkins applanation tonometry to those persons aged 50 years old or more and those with suspected increased IOP. A further examination was performed to those persons with suspicious glaucoma, including repeated tonometric examination, gonioscopy, dark room test, automated visual field testing, et al.·RESULTS: 6 815 of the eligible 8 500 persons of all ages were interviewed and examined from July to December in 2003, a response rate of 80.18%, including 2835 of the eligible 3 500 persons of 40 years old or more with a response rate of 81.00%. According to Van Herick method, the percentage of shallow peripheral anterior chamber was 13.6%, of which 10.4% was in grade 2, 3.0% in grade 1, and 0.2% in grade 0. In this rural population for 40 years of age or older 31 participants were found to have primary angle-closure glaucoma, with the prevalence of 1.09%. With multiple logistic analyses, the prevalence increased significantly with age (P=0.008), whereas no significant difference (Pgender=0.180, Peducation=0.199) was found in the rate with gender and education, although women and illiteracy seemed to be at increased risk of the disease (OR: 1.77, 95%CI,0.77-4.10; OR: 1.71, 95%CT, 0.76-3.87). Of 31 participants, 21 persons (67.74%) had not been previously diagnosed and treated. Of 10 participants previously diagnosed, 6 (60%) had been received peripheral iridectomy; nevertheless, no any other treatments were performed. 48.39% participants suffered from visual impairment in various degrees, of which the percentage of blindness in either eye accounted for 29.03%. Of those with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 22 persons (70.97%) were classified as having chronic from of the disease.· CONCLUSION: In this rural population in Shaanxi Province of China, the rate of occludable angles is 13.6%, more common than that reported previously in other Chinese populations. The prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma is close to that from other Asian populations, increasing with age. A majority of glaucoma was undiagnosed and untreated previously.