Objective To investigate the effects of ischemic postconditioning (Post) on myocardial cell apoptosis and expres- sion of Bcl-2 and Bax protein during ischemia/reperfusion period in rabbits.Methods Eighteen rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups (6 in each group),sham operation (group S),ischemia/reperfusion group(group IR) and ischemic postconditioning group(group Post).Group IR and group Post were subjected to 15 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed for 30 minutes of reperfusion.Ischemic postconditioning was achieved by three 30 seconds cycles of reperfusion,each followed by 30 seconds ischemia.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis were determined by in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA electrophoresis.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in apoptotic myocardial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry sepa- rately.Results Compared with group IR,apoptotic index was significantly reduced in group Post [(28.06?2.92) % vs.(55.70? 13.96)%,P

This paper discusses the limitations of current NO inhalation systems, based on the research in collocation of NO, inspection of NO/NO2 and synchronous working of NO inhalation systems with ventilators. And then, the developing trend of NO inhalation systems is put forward here too.
Administration, Inhalation ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; trends

BACKGROUND: Incidence rate of cervical osteoarthritis in the middleaged and elderly is high. Some researches on risk factor causing cervical osteoarthritis have been performed abroad, but most of the factors are being discussed.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurring cervical osteoarthritis risk factors in the middle-aged and elderly from different regions of China and provide evidences for prevention and intervention of cervical osteoarthritis in community.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, together with Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiantong University, Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Nanfang Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was conducted from July to August2005. On the basis of stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method, 6 218formal registered permanent residents of over 40 years old from Xi'an,Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin and Chengdu were enrolled.They all agreed to join the investigation voluntarily. There were 2 916males of 40-94 years and 3 302 females of 40-86 years.METHODS: Questionnaire investigation of epidemiology of cervical osteoarthritis was performed in the testees, and radiograph was used in the persons with clinical symptom. The basic sample unit was neighborhood committee (city) and village committee (countryside). Sampling method:Taking each city as a whole, composed of two levels, namely city and countryside, in the first phase the persons were extracted from district (county),in the second phase from sub-district (countryside), in the third phase from neighborhood committee (village eommittee). Diagnosis standard of cervical osteoarthritis was positive clinical symptom and 2 grade or above of radiograph Kellgren & Lawrence grading. The content of questionnaire contained 6 aspects: general condition, history of present illness, history of past illness, physical check-up, radiographs and disease diagnosis, totally94 questions and 141 variation indexes. Influential factors of prevalence rate of cervical osteoarthritis were analyzed using multifactor non-conditional Logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was used for expressing index of strength of relationship between disease and exposures. If OR ＞ 1,it was indicated that there was positive correlation between disease occurrence and exposures. If OR ＜ 1, it was suggested that there was negative correlation between disease occurrence and exposures.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence rate of cervical osteoarthritis in each city and OR.RESULTS: Totally 6 218 investigational subjects were included in the result analysis, without drop out. ①Total prevalence rate of cervical osteoarthritis in population of 40 years or above from 6 domestic cities was23.6%. There was significnat difference of prevalence rate in each city (P＜0.01). ②Result of Logistic regression analysis: Age (OR=1.010-1.058),defecation with squat ting pot (OR =1.024-1.997) and history of hypertension (OR =1.815-3.078) were common risk factor in most areas. In northern area the common risk factor compos ed of daily stair climbing or grade climbing (OR =1.018-1.020), while drinking colored wine (OR=3.451, Xi'an), history of osteoarthri tis of father (OR =2.491, Xi'an), history of diabetes (OR =5.013, Shijiazhuang), history of osteoarthritis of mother (OR =2.045, Shanghai), smoking (OR =6.857, Guangzhou), age of starting drinking (OR =3.044, Guangzhou) and full-time athletic sports (OR=9.020, Harbin), etc. emerged in different areas.CONCLUSION: The onset of cervical osteoarthritis has the same risk factor in 6 domestic areas, and main risk factor in different areas has certain differences, which can provide reference data for the prevention and cure of cervical osteoarthritis for the future and reduce waster of medical resources.

Objective To explore the life style of the elderly in empty-nest family and need of community health service in shanggang community.Methods Using random sampling method, a group of 634 the aged more than 60 from empty-nest family in the community were investigated with questionnaires.Results In daily activities,40.9% of the elderly empty-nest took part in physical exercise,36.3% had hobbies.Really empty-nest group had rarely physical exercise and prepared staying alone.In community health service,about 82.65% ,72.82% ,55.21% of the aged empty-nest needed regular physical examination,health guidance and psychological counseling respectively.Conclusion Life style of the elderly in empty-nest family was reasonable,and empty-nest group,especially really empty-nest group had advanced demand about the community health service.Medical staff should often carry out physical exercise and psychological counseling,and also popularize common medical knowledge.Besides,regular physical examination and paying close attention to the healthy information of the elderly in empty-nest family was needed.

OBJECTIVE:To detect the contents of chlorogenic acid and rutoside in Saussurea involucrate,and to optimize the decoction and extraction technology of S. involucrate from different producing areas. METHODS:The contents of chlorogenic acid and rutoside in 10 batches of S. involucrate from different producing areas were determined by HPLC. L9(34)orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the water amount,decoction times and decoction time using comprehensive score of extraction transport rate of chlorogenic acid and rutoside as index. The verification test was also conducted. RESULTS:The contents of chlorogenic acid and rutoside in 10 batches of S. involucrate were 0.380%-0.546% and 0.334%-0.617%;the optimal decoction technology was as follows as the amout of crude material of S. involucrate 100 g,soaking for 20 min,decocting for 3 times,12,10 and 10 fold of water,decocting 45,30 and 30 min,respectively. The extraction transfer rates of chlorogenic acid and rutoside were 96.2%(RSD=2.66%,n=3)and 89.3%(RSD=3.31%,n=3)in verification test. CONCLUSIONS:For S. involucrate from different producing areas,the contents of effective components are different;optimized decoction and extraction technology is stable and feasible.

A nitric oxide inhaling equipment cooperated with the ventilator synchronously, is introduced in this paper. This equipment monitors the inspiratory flow of the ventilator by a gas flow meter, and works out the flow value of NO on the therapeutic condition using the formula of gas dilution. Then its mass flow controller controls the flow of NO and delivers it to the respiratory circuit. At the same time, the concentrations of NO and NO2 are detected by the electrochemical NO/NO2 sensors before the therapeutic gas enters into the patient. The experimental result shows that this equipment can work with the ventilator in-phase periodically, the volume of E/(I+E) NO be saved, and the output of NO2 < or = 0.7 x 10(-6). Thus the equipment not only has realized the intellectual monitoring and gas-dispensing, but also has improved the precision of inhaled NO concentration with a better reliability and security during the therapy.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Respiratory Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of TPN plus argine on nutrition status, immune function and postoperative complications in radical treatment of gastro intestinal cancer patients. Methods: 88 cases undertaking radical treatment were randomized into TPN group (normal group)(30 cases), argine group (plus argine)(30 cases) and control group (28 cases). Since POD+1, the former two groups were given intravenous nutrition support continuously for 7 days and argine 80～100ml/day in argine group.Controlled group was given glucose, amino acid solution and electrolytes first, then transited to normal oral food intake. On AOD-1 and POD+8, albumin, pre albumin, transferrin and immune parameters were analyzed; postoperative complications were observed as well. Results: On POD+8, pre albumin and transferrin were improved in normal and argine group. In argine group, IgG?IgE?CD3?CD4?CD4/CD8?NKC activity and IL 2 concentration were obviously higher than that in other two groups( P

Background and objective To study the clinicopathoiogical characteristics of Lynch syn＆ome-associated endometrial carcinoma in China.Methods Twenty-seven patients who fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria Ⅱ were classified as having Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma (Group A), and 331 patients without a family history of cancer were classified as having sporadic endometrial carcinoma (Group B).Results There were 81 malignancies in 27 Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma families, including colorectal cancer (CRC, 24.7%), endometrial carcinoma (21.0%), liver (12.3%), stomach (9.9%), lung (6.2%), and breast (6.2%) cancers. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 49.7 years in Group A and 56.3 years in Group B (P=0.004). Second primary cancers occurred in 33.3% of patients in Group A and 5.1% in Group B (P<0.0001). "Ihe most common second primary cancers were colorectal cancer (44%) and ovarian cancer (22%). The percentage of obese patients was higher in Group A (P=0.013). There was no difference between the two groups in incidence of diabetes mellitns or hypertension or in histological type and FIGO stage. The 5-year survival rates for Group A and B were 96.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Prognosis for Group A was better than for Group B (P=0.045).Conclusion Some clinicopathologicai features of Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma, such as early onset and multiple primary carcinomas, are similar in the Chinese and American/European populations. However, the Chinese population had a unique family cancer distribution that included lung and breast cancers. An increased number of grade 1 endometrioid tumors and a better prognosis imply better biobehavior in Chinese Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma. Obesity may be a co-contributing factor for development of Lynch syndrome associated endometrial cancer in China.

Objective:To characterize the injury to the ipsilateral ankle joint after low energy spiral fracture of the distal tibia.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 80 patients with distal tibial spiral fracture who had been treated at Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 2010 to March 2021. There were 61 males and 19 females with an age of (43.5±12.5) years. Their mean follow-up time was 67.0 (38.5, 90.0) months. All patients underwent preoperative X-ray examination, 64 ones preoperative CT examination, and 30 ones preoperative MRI examination. Of the 80 patients, 3 received conservative treatment with plaster external fixation, 3 closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation, and 74 plate fixation. Statistically analyzed were incidence of posterior malleolus fracture, characteristics of posterior malleolus fracture lines, normal matching rate of the ipsilateral ankle joint, positive rate of intraoperative Cotton test or stress external rotation test of ipsilateral ankle joint, positive rates of passive pronation-external rotation and supination-external rotation stress tests during follow-up, incidences of short-term ankle pain (≤2 years) and medium-long term pain (>2 years) after operation, injuries to the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, the deep medial malleolus deltoid ligament and the posterior malleolus, and incidence of ankle injury.Results:The diagnostic rate for posterior malleolus fracture was 16.3% (13/80) on X-ray film, 60.9% (39/64) on CT and 76.7% (23/30) on MRI. 74.5% (35/47) of the posterior malleolus fracture lines opened on the lateral side. The normal matching rate of the ipsilateral ankle joint was 96.3% (77/80). The positive rates of intraoperative Cotton test and stress external rotation test were 34.8% (8/23) and 7.1% (1/14), respectively. The positive rates of passive pronation-external rotation and supination-external rotation stress tests during follow-up were 46.2% (12/26) and 34.6% (9/26). The incidences of postoperative short term (≤2 years) and medium-long term (>2 years) ankle pain were 37.7% (29/77) and 20.8% (16/77). MRI examination showed that the rates of injury to the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, deep medial malleolus deltoid ligament and posterior malleolus were 80.0% (24/30), 80.0% (24/30) and 76.7% (23/30). The incidence of ankle injury was 88.8% (71/80).Conclusions:It is highly probable that spiral fracture of the distal tibia is complicated with ipsilateral ankle injury. The medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, and posterior malleolus are prone to the following hidden injuries while the ankle joint is normally matched in the most cases: injury to the deep deltoid ligament in different degrees, rupture of the inferior tibiofibular anterior ligament and posterior malleolus fracture. Therefore, the ankle injury is likely to be missed in diagnosis. The secondary torsion injuries to the pronation-external rotation and supination-external rotation at the leg are likely to cause ipsilateral ankle injury.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on the outcome of the tumor as well as the changes of the anti-oxidative system in null mice grafted with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

METHODS48 BALB/c null mice were divided by means of random number table into control group (0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose), low dosage (0.02 g/kg), middle dosage (0.1 g/kg) and high dosage (0.5 g/kg) of I3C. The mice were administered with different solutions by gavage for 10 days before CNE1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the back (near the armpit) of the nude mice, then the solutions were continually administered by gavage. The tumor volume was measured and the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 were determined on the 31th day of the study.

RESULTSI3C could reduce the tumor volume [the tumor volumes of the control group, the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were (4.13 +/- 0.53) x 10(-6) m(3), (3.14 +/- 0.71) x 10(-6) m(3), (2.72 +/- 0.29) x 10(-6) m(3)], as compared with the control, the shrinkage of tumor volume of the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were significant (the t valued at 0.990 and 1.510, P < 0.01). The tumor inhibitory rates of 3 groups were 3.8%, 20.5% and 34.9%, respectively. The contents of MDA in the tumor tissue tended to decrease [the values of control group, the low dosage group, the middle dosage group and the high dosage group were (31.29 +/- 2.51) x 10(-6) mol/L, (30.12 +/- 2.37) x 10(-6) mol/L, (23.32 +/- 1.93) x 10(-6) mol/L, (16.45 +/- 1.43) x 10(-6) mol/L] (F = 98.752, P < 0.01), and that of the high and the middle dosage group could obviously be reduced (t = 8.970, 14.840, P < 0.01) as compared with the control. The activity of SOD seemed to be elevated according to the increase of I3C dosage [the values were (387.24 +/- 23.16) x 10(3) U/L, (399.37 +/- 34.45) x 10(3) U/L, (431.63 +/- 31.24) x 10(3) U/L, (476.45 +/- 44.67) x 10(3) U/L] (F = 53.444, P < 0.01). When compared with the control, the SOD activity of the middle and the high dosage group be obviously increased (t = 44.390, 89.210, P < 0.01). I3C could also elevate the GSHPx activity [the GSHPx values of the four groups were (226.98 +/- 18.35) x 10(3) U/L, (234.65 +/- 15.59) x 10(3) U/L, (247.72 +/- 22.73) x 10(3) U/L, (300.37 +/- 26.02) x 10(3) U/L] (F = 25.916, P < 0.01). The GSHPx of the high dosage group was enhanced remarkable (t = 73.390, P < 0.01) as compared with the control. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 (relative molecular weight = 19 000 000) seemed to be elevated according to the increase of I3C dosage and the relative expression levels of which were 0.87 +/- 0.01, 0.97 +/- 0.01, 1.02 +/- 0.06 and 1.14 +/- 0.02 (F = 39.864, P < 0.01). When compared with the control, the elevation of this kind of cleaved caspase-3 was considered statistical significant (the t values were 0.100, 0.086 and 0.303, respectively, P < 0.05). When I3C dosage increased, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (relative molecular weight = 17 000 000) seemed to increased too [the relative expression levels of which were 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.05 +/- 0.02, 0.11 +/- 0.02, 0.20 +/- 0.02 (F = 56.629, P < 0.01)], and the increase of this kind of cleaved caspase-3 was esteemed significantly as compared with those of the control (the t valued at 0.046, 0.103 and 0.193, respectively, P < 0.05). Linear correlate analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the shrinkage of tumor volume and the expression of the two kinds of cleaved caspase-3 protein was -0.732 (t = 3.404, P < 0.01) and -0.901 (t = 6.642, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONI3C could reduce the growth of tumor, the mechanism underlie it could be related to the decrease of the content of MDA as well as the elevated levels of SOD, GSHPx, and perhaps could be related to the apoptosis transduced by cleaved caspase-3.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Seeding ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism