Enuresis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of unsaponifiable matter from the seed oil of Momordica cochinchinensis.

METHODThe fatty oil from the seeds of M. cochinchinensis was extracted with petroleum ether, and the saponification was carried out with potassium hydroxide. The unsaponifiable matter was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the structures of their constituents were elucidated by means of IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and authentic chemicals.

RESULTKarounidiol (1), isokarounidiol (2), 5-dehydrokarounidiol (3), 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol (4), beta-sitosterol (5), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (6), and stigmast-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7) were elucidated.

CONCLUSIONThese compounds were found in this plant for the first time.

Molecular Structure ; Momordica ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVESTo study the best entry points, direction and length of screw in acetabular posterior column plate technique, and to prevent the serious complications of screw penetrating the joint surface.

METHODSFebruary to July 2008 20 male cadaveric adult semi-pelvic specimen were taken.Serial cross-sections of the acetabular posterior column were determined and made. The safe angle of screw entry and the length on all entry points of each cross-section were measured. And put all data into software SPSS 10.0 for statistics process.

RESULTSOn margin of acetabulum, lateral-middle 1/4 point, midpoint, medial-middle 1/4 point and medial margin of posterior column of each cross-section, safe entry angle of inclination was 39 degrees , 57 degrees , 74 degrees , 90 degrees and 106 degrees respectively, the length of the screw was 39, 57, 74, 90 and 106 mm respectively.

CONCLUSIONOn lateral 1/4 region, lateral-middle 1/4 region, medial-middle 1/4 region and medial 1/4 region, screw posterior column angle is 40 degrees to 60 degrees , 60 degrees to 75 degrees , 75 degrees to 90 degrees , 90 degrees to parallel to the quadrilateral plate, and the length of the screw is 30 mm.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Cadaver ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictive factors for intestinal strangulation and to identify the surgical intervention for recurrence of adhesive small bowel obstruction(aSBO).METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted according the database in Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University. Patients with aSBO from January 2013 to April 2016 were included in the study and were subject to follow-up. The clinical factors associated with strangulating obstruction and recurrences after treatment were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression model.RESULTS: Total of 288 aSBO patients were included. Thirty-seven(12.9%)patients hadoccurredstrangulatingobstructions,and 251(87.1%)patients had simple obstructions.Increasing heart rate[>100/min;OR(95%CI):4.14(1.31-13.07),P=0.015],increasing WBC count[>15×10~9∕L;OR(95%CI):4.31(1.31-14.16),P=0.016],CT findings of thickening or swelling of the mesentery[OR(95%CI):11.04(2.18-55.92),P=0.004],and CT showing seroperitoneum [OR(95%CI):28.36(9.85-81.66),P<0.01] were detected as independent predictive factors for intestinal strangulation. During the follow-up,84 cases(29.2%)experienced recurrence of obstruction. The recurrence rates were reduced in the operation groups compared with non-operative groups[21.3%(26/122)vs.34.9%(58/166),P =0.01].CONCLUSION: Tachycardia,leukocytosis,CT findings of thickening or swelling of the mesentery,and CT showing seroperitoneum are considered as the predictive factors with intestinal strangulation in aSBO. Meanwhile,surgical treatments can reduce recurrence rate of aSBO patients significantly.

BACKGROUND:Icariin can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption,but it is difficult to dissolve in water,and its bioavailability is very low in vivo.Therefore,a suitable carrier is essential to fully utilize the biological activity of icariin.OBJECTIVE:To prepare an icariin/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite scaffold and to characterize its biological characteristics.METHODS:Three-dimensional printing technology was utilized to prepare porous β-TCP scaffolds carrying nano zinc oxide,and the compressive strength of porous β-TCP scaffolds was detected before and after addition of nano zinc oxide.Water absorption and porosity of the porous β-TCP scaffolds were also measured.Ultrasonic emulsification solvent dialysis was performed to prepare icariin/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres,followed by the detection of water absorption and porosity.The porous β-TCP scaffolds and icariin/PLGA microsphere suspension were mixed to prepare icariin/β-TCP composite scaffolds.Microstructure observation of the composite scaffolds was done by scanning electron microscope,and meanwhile,water absorption and porosity were detected.The composite scaffold was then immersed into PBS,and icariin concentration in the supematant was measured at corresponding time points,based on which Icariin cumulative release curve was drawn.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The porous microstructure of the porous β-TCP scaffold was regular,well distributed,and the connectivity was good.The pore spacing was about 600 μm.After addition of nano zinc oxide particles,the surface structure of the scaffold was more compact and the crystallinity was higher.(2) PLGA microspheres were spherical with a diameter of 1-4 μm,and the microspheres were uniform in size.(3) The maximum compressive strength of the porous beta tricalcium phosphate scaffold was (2.98±0.78) MPa,and increased to (8.95±0.29) MPa after addition of nano zinc oxide.(4) The water absorption rate and porosity were (25.09±0.96)％ and (66.93±2.84)％ for the porous β-TCP scaffold,(28.46±1.85)％ and (32.65±3.32)％ for the icariin/β-TCP composite scaffold,respectively.(5)The average encapsulation efficiency of the PLGA microspheres was (78.87±2.31)％,and the drug loading was (6.04±1)％.(6) The release amount of icariin could reach 52％ of the total amount at 16 days and 60％ of the total amount at 32 days.These findings indicate that the icariin/β-TCP composite scaffold has good mechanical properties and sustained-release performance.

AIMTo investigate the mechanism of EA improving the obstruction of inner ear microcirculation and the effect on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by comparing the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with sibelium (flunarizine hydrochloride) on vertebrobasilar insufficiency(VBI).

METHODSInjected with sclerosant-775 injection into the solt tissue on the left side of cervical vertebral transverse processes of rabbits to set up the vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis (VCS) models. Electronystagmography (ENG) induced by linear acceleration (LA) and horizontal rotation (HR), the transcranial Doppler (TCD), laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and hemorheology were used to measure changes of the frequencies of nystagmus, the hemodynamics in the basilar artery (BA), inner ear blood flow(IEBF) and blood viscosity in VBI rabbits.

RESULTSThe frequencies of ENG, the velocity of blood flow in BA and IEBF decreased obviously, and whole blood middle where viscosity, whole blood lower where viscosity and erythrocyte distortion index ( EDI) increased significantly in the model group. Sibelium could reduce whole blood viscosity and EDI, and increased the systolic phase velocity (Vs) of blood flow in BA, but had no effect on diastolic phase velocity (Vd) and mean velocity (Vm). EA could not reduce the viscosity of blood and EDI, but had more significant effects on improving IEBF and ENG induced by LA than those of sibelium,and had the tendency of increasing Vs, Vd and Vm. EA and sibelium had no effect on improving ENG induced by HR.

CONCLUSIONInner ear microcirculation obstruction caused by VBI can induce dysfunctions of vestibule cyst macula and horizontal semicircular canals. EA may depend upon the neurohumoral regulation to improve VBI, and ameliorate inner ear blood supply obstruction by enhancing mechanism of local adjusting for microcirculation in the inner ear to recover vestibular cyst macula irritability for LA chiefly. There exist complicated mechanism that EA adjusts blood flow distribution and vestibular signal transduction in vestibular organ in VBI model likely, and remain to be researched deeply.

Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Ear, Inner ; blood supply ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Rabbits ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo construct TIMP-1 siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors and evaluate their effect on TIMP-1 mRNA expression in hepatic stellate cells.

METHODSThe combinant lone DNA with cutting sites of BamH I and Xho I enzyme according to the sequences of 447-465, 552-540 TIMP-1 of rats and nonspecific sequence were selected and cloned to pGEM-T vector and sub-cloned to pRNAT-U6.2. They were then identified by double enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. Three plasmids were transfected into T6 separately through an oligofectamine package. TIMP-1 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR.

RESULTSTargeting sequences of TIMP-1 siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors were correct. TIMP-1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by transfecting them into the T6.

CONCLUSIONWe successfully constructed two TIMP-1 siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors and the transfected cells can significantly suppress the TIMP-1 expression.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Plasmids ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo examine whether the polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with the susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in Chinese railway construction workers at Qinghai-Tibet where the altitude is over 4 500 m above sea level.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted including 149 HAPE patients in the construction workers and 160 healthy controls randomly recruited from their co-workers, matching the patients in ethnicity, age, sex, lifestyle, and working conditions. Three polymorphisms of eNOS gene, T-786C in promoter, 894G/T in exon 7, and 27bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 4, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed with DNA sequencing.

RESULTSThe frequencies of 894T allele and heterozygous G/T of the 894G/T variant were significantly higher in HAPE patients group than in the control group (P=0.0028 and P=0.0047, respectively). However, the frequencies of the T-786C in promoter and the 27bp VNTR in intron 4 were not significantly different between the two groups. Haplotypic analysis revealed that the frequencies of two haplotypes (H3,T-T-b, b indicates 5 repeats of 27 bp VNTR; H6, C-G-a, a indicates 4 repeats of 27 bp VNTR) were significantly higher in HAPE patients (both Pü0.0001). On the contrary, the frequencies of H1 (T-G-b) and H2 (T-G-a) were lower in HAPE patients than in healthy controls (both Pü0.001).

CONCLUSIONSTwo haplotypes (T-T-b and C-G-a) may be strongly associated with susceptibility to HAPE. Compared with the individual alleles of eNOS gene, the interaction of multiple genetic markers within a haplotype may be a major determinant for the susceptibility to HAPE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; Occupational Diseases ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pulmonary Edema ; enzymology ; genetics ; Tibet ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyse the proportion of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and its clinical features of HAAA.

METHODSAll newly diagnosed SAA cases in our department in the recent 5 years were analyzed. A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the differences of clinical and laboratory features between HAAA and non-hepatitis associated SAA (non-HASAA) patients.

RESULTSThe proportion of HAAA in SAA was 3.3%. There was no significant difference in PB cell counts, bone marrow hematopoiesis status and the amount of blood transfusion between HAAA and non-HASAA patients. Sera from 13 patients with HAAA were tested for antibodies to hepatitis viruses A, B, and C and hepatitis B surface antigen. Twelve (92.3%) of them had negative serologic results for the tests and only one (7.7%) had a positive result for HBsAg and HBeAg. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were decreased prior to the diagnosis in twelve (92.3%) of the 13 HAAA patients. The percentage of CD4(+) cells in HAAA patients was significantly lower than that in non-HASAA patients (P < 0.05). HAAA patients had higher percentages of CD8(+) cells (P < 0.05) and lower ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) (P < 0.05). The early infection rate of the HAAA patients was significantly higher than that of non-HASAA patients (84.6% vs 42.3%, P < 0.05), with different mortalities (61.5% vs 15.4%, P < 0.05). The 2-year survival rate of HAAA patients was significantly lower than that of non-HASAA patients (16.6% vs 83.2%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of HAAA in SAA was 3.3%. Most of HAAA were associated with non-A, non-B and non-C hepatitis virus. Compared with that of non-HASAA, the abnormality of T cell immunity of HAAA was more severe, with a higher frequency of early infection and a higher mortality rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepacivirus ; immunology ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUNDIntra-operative cholangiography has been shown to be a sensitive and specific method of demonstrating bile duct stones. This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and clinical value of selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography in primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and identified the factors that positively predict the presence of common bile duct stones.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to January 2011, 252 of 1013 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy received selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and none was converted to open surgery. The intra-operative cholangiography time was (8.3 ± 2.5) minutes, and the operative duration was (105.4 ± 23.1) minutes. According to selective intra-operative cholangiography, the positive predictive values of current jaundice, small gallstones (< 0.5 cm) and dilated cystic duct (> 0.3 cm), dilated common bile duct (> 0.8 cm), history of jaundice or gallstone pancreatitis, abnormal liver function test, and preoperative demonstration of suspected common bile duct stones on imaging were 87%, 25%, 42%, 15%, 32%, and 75% for common bile duct stones, respectively. Patients with several factors suggestive of common bile duct stones yielded higher numbers of positive cholangiograms. Unexpected stones were found in 13 patients (5.2%) by intra-operative cholangiography. The post-operative hospital stay was (4.7 ± 2.2) days. Post-operative bile leakage occurred in two cases, and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3 - 7 days without re-operation. Of the 761 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone, 5 (0.7%) presented with a retained common bile duct stone requiring intervention. The median follow-up was 12 months, and only one patient who once suffered from bile leakage presented with obstructive jaundice due to bile duct stenosis 6 months postoperatively. The other patients recovered without any serious complications.

CONCLUSIONSSelective intra-operative cholangiography yields acceptably high positive results. It is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholangiography ; methods ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; methods ; Choledocholithiasis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Common Bile Duct ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Gallstones ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult