The deltoid muscles on both sides of 8 male cadavers were studied within 24 hours after death. According to its fiber architecture, origins and insertions, and nerve distribution, the deltoid muscle was divided into three compartments: an anterior, a middle and a posterior. The muscle samples were taken respectively from the superficial and the deep portion of each compartment of the deltoid muscle. Frozen transverse sections were stained fer myosin ATPase. Muscle fibers were identified as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ. The proportion of fiber types in each portion was calculated on microscopic photographs and mean cross-sectional areas of both fiber types were measured by imaging analytical system. The results showed that the proportion of type Ⅰ fiber in the superficial and deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly higher than that of the corresponding portion of the anterior and posterior compartments, and the proportion in the deep portion of each compartment is higher than that of the superficial one, however no difference was found between the left and right sides. The fiber size among all portions is not obviously different, but the diameter of type Ⅱ fiber in the deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly smaller than that of other portions. Except the deep portion of the middle compartment, the diameter of both fiber types of the right muscle is larger than those of the left one, although statistical analysis showed that the difference is not significant. The authors suggest that the difference of fiber type distribution within the deltoid muscle is closely related with the functional differentiation of the muscle and the characteristic higher typeⅠ fiber proportion and smaller type Ⅱ fiber diamiter in the deep portion of the middle compartment probably indicate that the main function of this portion is to keep the shoulder joint stability.

Objective To investigate the possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods The level of serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA in eighty type 2 diabetic patients including thirty subjects without diabetic nephropathy , twenty with microalbuminuria and thirty with macroalbuminuria, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with macroalbuminuria were both significantly higher than that of patients with and without microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than that of patients without diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). Both VEGF and ES level were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (mAlb) (r=0.226, P<0.01; r=0.491, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.237, P<0.05;r=-0.620, P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (r1=0.633, P1<0.01; r2=0.532, P2<0.05). However, there was no correlation between VEGF and ES in patients without diabetic nephropathy (r3=0.175, P3>0.05). Conclusion The levels of VEGF and ES in type 2 diabetic nephropathy had varying degree of increasing in different diabetic nephropathy stage , and closely related to mAlb and eGFR. Disequilibrium of VEGF and ES may speed up the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To explore the psychomotor development in 12 month old infants born after in vitro fertilization with a control group of infants concieved naturally.Methods A matched control study was performed on psychomotor development of 12-month-old infants concieved with use of assisted reproductive technology(in vitro fertilization only).The control group was matched according to maternal age,parity,social class and level of parental education.The suitable mothers were invited to participate at the 28th week of gestation and were followed up to delivery.The infants of the two groups were followed up to 12 months old and a formal developmental assessment was done with the Children Development Center of China(CDCC) scales of infant development.Results The incidences of preterm birth,low birth weight and twin pregnancy were significantly higher in the assisted conception group.No statistically significant difference was found in the mental development index and psychomotor development index between assisted conception and control groups.Conclusions The levels of psychomotor development in 12 months old infants born after in vitro fertilization are normal.But as the incidences of preterm birth,low birth weight and multifetation are significantly higher in vitro fertilization group,it need to follow up the ongoing development of these children.

BACKGROUND:Titanium aloy and stainless steel are two common internal fixation materials, but there are some difference in their therapeutic effects and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effects and biocompatibility of titanium aloy and stainless steel internal fixation materials for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. METHODS:Seventy-one spinal tuberculosis patients, 35 males and 36 females, aged 17-81 were enroled. Among them, 35 patients received titanium aloy internal fixation, and the 36 patients underwent stainless steel internal fixation. At the end of 12-month folow-up, Cobb angle changes, therapeutic effect and Frankel grade were analyzed in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Before treatment, there was no difference in the spinal kyphosis angle and Frankel grade between the two groups. At the last folow-up, the Frankel grade and Cobb angle were both improved in the two groups (P < 0.05), but there was stil no difference between the two groups. The cure rate was 97% (n=34) in the titanium aloy group and 92% in the stainless steel group (n=33), and no significant difference was found between the two groups. These two kinds of internal fixation materials exhibited good biocompatibility, and no infection and other adverse reactions occurred. These findings indicate that both titanium aloy and stainless steel as internal fixation materials have good biocompatibility and therapeutic effects.

Background Neurofilament 200 (NF200) is an indirect indicator of the specific distribution of axons.It reflects the condition of the maintenance of neuronal morphology.Whether NF200 is involved in the damage of the visual pathway after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) should be further examined.Objective The present study was to investigate the expression of NF200 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN),superior colliculus and visual cortex following RIRI.Methods Forty SD rats were randomized into the RIRI 1-,2-,3-,4-,6-,8-week groups,sham operation group and control group.Acute intraocular hypertension was induced in the right eye by anterior chamber perfusion of normal saline solution for 60 minutes to elevate the intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg.The animals were sacrificed at different time points for the preparation of the retina,LGN,superior colliculus and visual cortex sections.The expression of NF200 in RGCs,LGN,superior colliculus and visual cortex was assayed by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression level (A value) of NF200 in the RGCs was significantly different among the 8 groups after reperfusion (F =78.855,P =0.000),and that in the 1-week group was significantly lower than in the control group (t =36.563,P＜0.01).In the RIRI 1-week group,the expression of NF200 in the contralateral LGN in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =6.483,P＜0.01).In the 4-week group and 6-week group,the expression of NF200 in the contralateral LGN was significantly higher than that in the control group (t =2.904,4.313,P＜0.01).One week after RIRI,the expression of NF200 in contralateral superior celliculus in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =2.966,P＜0.05),and in the 2-week group,the expression of NF200 in the contralateral superior colliculus was significantly higher than that in the control group (t =7.397,P＜0.01).In the 2-week group,3-week group and 4-week group,the expression of NF200 in bilateral visual cortex was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (contralateral ∶ t =18.728,18.213,15.088,P＜0.01 ; ipsilateral ∶ t =8.690,5.704,7.805,P＜0.01).Conclusions RIRI can induce axonal damage of RGCs,contralateral LGN,superior colliculus and bilateral visual cortex neurons.

Objective The association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection and allergic diseases was controversial.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H.pylori infection and allergic diseases.Methods A questionnaire survey regarding the general health condition and allergic diseases was carried out in patients who had taken gastroscopy at People's Hospital of Peking University from September 2015 to April 2016.H.pylori infection was detected by the H.pylori antibody,rapid urease test and gastric mucosa pathology.Results There were 1 034 patients were enrolled in this study.The rate of H.pylori infection was 20.5%(212/1 034).The frequencies of contact dermatitis,urticaria,food/drug allergy,allergic rhinitis,bronchial asthma were 6.9%(71/1 034),15.5%(160/1 034),18.0%(186/1 034),20.8%(215/1 034) and 3.4%(35/1 034),respectively.The rate of the food/drug allergy was significantly lower in the H.pylori-positive group than in the H.pylori-negative group(11.8 %(25/212) vs.19.6%(161/822),χ2=6.940,P=0.008).The risk of food/drug allergy in H.pylori-positive group was 0.611(95% CI:0.386-0.966,P=0.035) in the multivariate analysis.When the patients were divided into age-dependent groups,the rate of the food/drug allergy was significantly lower in the H.pylori-positive group than in the H.pylori-negative group(10.9 %(11/101) vs.20.6%(101/490),χ2=5.152,P=0.023) in those patients ≥50 years old.There were not statistically significant differences on contact dermatitis,urticaria,eczema,asthma and allergic rhinitis between helicobacter pylori positive group and negative group(P>0.05).Conclusion H.pylori infection may be a protective factor in food/drug allergy and the protective effect enhanced by infection time.

0.05).Conclusion:The abnormal expression of HLA-G protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrium tissues may play a key role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.

Objective To study the effects of electro-acupuncturing points of Yangming meridians on hemiplegia.Methods45 early hemiplegic patients were divided into Groups A,B and C(18 cases in each group).Physical therapy was performed in each group,those in Group B were electro-acupunctured at points of Yangming meridians,while those in Group C at the points according to balancing muscular tension.They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Ashworth Spasm Rating before and 2,4 weeks after treatment.Results2 weeks after treatment,motor function and muscular tension were significantly improved in all the groups,while the efficacy in Groups B and C was superior to Group A(P<0.05).4 weeks after treatment,the Ashworth score of lower extremity in Group B was superior to Groups C and A(P<0.05).ConclusionElectro-acupuncturing at points of Yangming meridians can improve the motor function especially muscular tension in hemiplegic patients,which may be helpful for flaccid paralysis,but adverse for spastic paralysis.

The concepts of cold and hot herbal properties in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), reflecting the efficacy trends of medicinal herbs, have the Fuzzy characteristics. It is suited for the application of Fuzzy mathematics in research of herbal properties. For a comprehensive evaluation of herbal properties, this work constructed and made a practice of the Fuzzy discrimination model regarding the biological performance of Chinese materia medica.

Objective To explore the changes of Sema3A and it′s receptor Npl in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)rat brain and the roles in epileptogenesis mechanism.Methods TLE model was established with male healthy SD rats,in which mossy fiber sprouting(MFS)was verified using Neo-Timm staining method.Sema3A mRNA,Npl mRNA and protein was respectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the entorhinal cortex(EC)or dentate gyrus(DG)at different time after LiCL-PILO induced TLE.Results There were Mossy fiber sprouting(7d:0.70?0.42,15d:1.50?0.52,30 d:2.20 ?0.41,60 d:2.50?0.51)in DG inner molecular layer(IML)of TLE rat compared with those of controls (P