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OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene Apa I polymorphism and the susceptibility to bone and joint tuberculosis in Chinese Han population.

METHODSBetween May, 2015 and June, 2016, 100 patients with bone and joint tuberculosis and 100 healthy volunteers were recruited concomitantly in Heyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Vitamin D receptor gene Apa I polymorphisms in these subjects were analyzed using SNaPshot.

RESULTThe genotype frequencies of Apa I-AA, Apa I-Aa and Apa I-aa were 51%, 41%, and 8% in the case group and 33%, 55%, and 12% in the control group, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The genotype of Apa I-AA was significantly higher in the case group with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.073 (95% CI: 1.142-3.763).

CONCLUSIONThe Apa I polymorphisms of the VDR gene are associated with the susceptibility to bone and joint tuberculosis in Chinese Han population, and individuals with a Apa I-AA genotype are at greater risks to develop bone and joint tuberculosis.

This study primarily focused on the systematic assessment of both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of docetaxel-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)2000-polycaprolactone (PCL)2600 micelles on hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). By using solvent evaporation method, PEG-PCL was chosen to prepare doxetaxel (DTX)-loaded mPEG-PCL micelles (DTX-PMs), with the purpose of eliminating side effects of the commercial formulation (Tween 80) and prolonging the blood circulation time. The prepared DTX-PMs had an average particle size of 25.19±2.36 nm, a zeta potential of 0.64±0.15 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.56±0.03, a drug loading of (8.72±1.05)%, and an encapsulation efficiency of (98.1±8.4)%. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated that DTX-PMs could effectively kill LNCap-C4-2B cells and show a dose- and time-dependent efficacy. The hemolysis test showed that DTX-PMs had less hemocytolysis than the commercial product of Duopafei®. A sustained in vitro release behavior and prolonged circulation time in blood vessels were observed in the DTX-PMs. Furthermore, when compared with Duopafei®, the DTX-PMs dramatically reduced the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and tumor growth of prostate tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo. In conclusion, the DTX-PMs can lower systemic side effects, improve anti-tumor activity with prolonged blood circulation time, and will bring an alternative to patients with HRPC.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Area Under Curve ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Micelles ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taxoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays