In this study, the embryological characters of Pterocypsela formosana (Asteraceae) were investigated with the traditional paraffin section methods. The anther has 4 sporangiates, the anther wall development follows the dicotyledonous type and comprises of an epidermis, endothelium, a middle layer and a single-layered tapetum, the tapetum belongs to glandular type. Meiosis of the microspore mother cells is of the simultaneous type, for the formation of mostly tetrahedral tetrad, the mature pollen grains are 2 celled. The ovary is bicarpellate, unilocular, one ovule and basal placenta, the ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellate, inverted campylotropous and with developed endothelium, archesporial cell of megaspore differentiates immediately below the nucellar epidermis and functions as megasporocyte after development and belongs to tenuinucellate ovule type. The megasporocyte undergoes meitotic to form a liner tetrad, only one chalazal megaspore becomes the functional megaspore which forms female gametophyte including 7-celled and 8-nucleated after three successive mitosis, the female gametophyte is of the Polygonum type. Two polar nuclei melt into a secondary nuclei before fertilization, the chalazal antipodal cells are ephemeral and degenerate shortly after forming. Fertilization is porogamous and belongs to premitotic type of syngamy. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than the zygote, the endosperm is of the nuclear type with the presence of haustoria, and the embryogeny belongs to asterad type chicory variant. The developed suspensor on early stage has important significance to the embryo development.
Asteraceae ; embryology ; Meiosis ; Reproduction

Arteriovenous Fistula ; therapy ; Child ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) among drug users in Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2005 to 2019, so as to provide references for reducing AIDS mortality. Methods : The demographic information, clinical stage, baseline CD4+T lymphocyte ( CD4 ) level and treatment status of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture from 2005 to 2019 were collected through AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy Information System. The survival rate was calculated by the life table method. The influencing factors for survival time were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Totally 1 935 patients were recruited, the median age receiving HAART was 37 years old and the median CD4 counts was 293/μL. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 5, 7 and 10 years were 97%, 78%, 73%, and 66%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the patients with body mass index of 18.5-<28.0 kg/m2 ( HR: 0.391-0.656, 95%CI: 0.234-0.958 ), baseline CD4>200/μL ( HR: 0.354-0.667, 95%CI: 0.232-0.841 ) , or missed medication in the last 7 days ( HR=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.061 ) had lower risk of death; the patients with WHO clinical stage of Ⅱ-Ⅳ ( HR: 1.479-2.311, 95%CI: 1.004-3.288 ) or treatment delay ≥1 years ( HR: 1.287-1.388, 95%CI: 1.029-1.826 ) had higher risk of death. Conclusions The 5-year cumulative survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture is 78%. Body mass index, baseline CD4 level, WHO clinical stage, treatment delay and missed medication in last 7 days were the influencing factors for survival time.

As a novel transdermal drug delivery technology of minimally invasive, safe and efficient, microneedles have received increasing attention. The microchannels formation by microneedles onto the skin is a prerequisite and key for microneedles to deliver drugs. However, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation in skin microchannels. This review summarized influencing factors and evaluation methods in microchannels formation and healing by microneedles, including geometric parameters, materials for preparation, drugs, penetration parameters, differences among the skin of subjects, and presence or absence of occlusion. This review provides reference for other scholars to further study the effectiveness and security of microneedle applications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate osthole effect on femoral tissue resorption activity of rat in vitro.

METHODSSix SD rats weighted (80 ± 5) g were used to isolate and culture femoral tissue (diaphyses and metaphysis) in vitro. The cultured tissue were devided into control group, estradiol group and osthole group. The femoral tissue was treated with final concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol culture in vitro at 48 hours after cultured. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) activity, glucose and Lactic acid content, StrACP, MCSF (Macrophage colony stimulating factor) and CTSK (Cathepsin K) mRNA was detected by Real-Time RT-PCR were detected.

RESULTSConcetration of Alkaline phosphatase activity were 2226 and 2498 in 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol respectively. As compared with control group, the activity of StrACP of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol were inhibited at 6, 9, 12 days (P < 0.05); under treatment of in l x 10(-5) mol/L osthole, the content of Lactic acid were increased and the content of glucose were decreased at 3, 6, 9 days (P < 0.05); StrACP, MCSF and CTSK mRNA expression level were inhibited at 6, 9 days (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOsthole can inhibit bone resorption and raise the level of nutrition metabolism of femurs tissue.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Resorption ; prevention & control ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Femur ; drug effects ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lactic Acid ; analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

From January 2013 to January 2015, 19 patients of traumatic hemothorax with hemorrhagic shock were treated in our department by thoracoscopic surgery combined with autologous blood transfusion. This study retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effect and shared our experience. The average amount of blood transfused back was 662.41 ml ± 269.15 ml. None of the patients developed transfusion reaction and were all discharged uneventfully. Thoracoscopic surgery combined with autologous blood trans- fusion is effective in the rescue of patients with progressive hemothorax and hemorrhagic shock. When corresponding indications are well managed, treatment for these patients is quicker, safer, and more effective.
Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Female ; Hemothorax ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Injuries ; surgery ; Thoracoscopy ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between altered levels of neurotransmitters in the frontal lobe and hippocampus and behavioral abnormalities in a Clock variant mice modeling bipolar disorder manic disorder. METHODS: Open field test and Elevated plus-maze test were carried out on the Clock mutant and wild-type control groups. The frontal lobe and hippocampus of Clock mutant mice and controls were dissected, and neurotransmitters in tissue extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentration of neurotransmitters and behavioral indicators were assessed by t test and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The Clock mutant mice showed a significant increase in activity, albeit with no difference in the level of anxiety from the wild-type controls, which suggested that the Clock mutant mice can be used as a model for manic attack of bipolar disorder. Altered neurotransmitter levels were detected in the frontal and hippocampal regions, including elevated histamine in the left hippocampus, reduced histamine in the right hippocampus, reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in bilateral hippocampus, elevated dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the left frontal lobe and reduced DOPA in the right hippocampus, and decreased glutamine in bilateral frontal lobes. The reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus correlated with the increased activity of Clock mutant mice. CONCLUSION Clock mutant mice showed abnormal behavior with increased activity. Reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus were correlated with increased activity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spontaneous brain activity alterations in liver transplantation (LT) recipients using resting-state functional MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cirrhotic patients as transplant candidates and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. All patients repeated the MRI study one month after LT. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were compared between cirrhotic patients (both pre- and post-LT) and HCs as well as between the pre- and post-LT groups. The relationship between ALFF changes and venous blood ammonia levels and neuropsychological tests were investigated using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: In the cirrhotic patients, decreased ALFF in the vision-related regions (left lingual gyrus and calcarine), sensorimotor-related regions (left postcentral gyrus and middle cingulate cortex), and the default-mode network (bilateral precuneus and left inferior parietal lobule) were restored, and the increased ALFF in the temporal and frontal lobe improved in the early period after LT. The ALFF decreases persisted in the right supplementary motor area, inferior parietal lobule, and calcarine. The ALFF changes in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with changes in number connection test-A scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LT improved spontaneous brain activity and the results for associated cognition tests. However, decreased ALFF in some areas persisted, and new-onset abnormal ALFF were possible, indicating that complete cognitive function recovery may need more time.
Ammonia ; Brain* ; Cognition ; Fibrosis ; Frontal Lobe ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Somatosensory Cortex

Objective To explore the feasibility and evaluate the teaching effect of case-based multidisciplinary team teaching mode in clinical practice teaching of gynecology.Method According to different grade,120 students were divided into experimental group and control group (60 students per group).The teaching content contained three malignant tumor cases,which were cervical cancer,endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer.The course needed 12 periods totally.The experimental group received multidisciplinary team (MDT) teaching mode,and the control group received traditional lecture-based learning teaching mode (LBL).Teaching effect evaluation and test scores would be analyzed at the end of teaching.SPSS19.0 was used for t test and chi-square test.Results Our results showed that the theory test scores,practical skills test scores,the paperwork scores and the total scores of the students in MDT group were significantly higher than those in the traditional group (P＜0.05).At the same time,the students' self-evaluation scores in the ability of information retrieval,acquisition,understanding,comprehensive and the ability of self-learning,learning interest,enthusiasm and teamwork were significantly higher than the traditional group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MDT teaching mode is feasible,which can improve teaching effect and students' quality,and is worthy of advocating and popularization.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion in Crohn disease (CD) treatment by observing the effect of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on protein expressions of colonic M2 macrophage marker CD206, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 2. Methods: Twenty-six specific pathogen free male rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group. The CD model was prepared by enema with the mixture of 5％ (W/V) 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and 50％ ethanol at 2:1 (volume ratio). After the model was successfully prepared, rats in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion at Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of rat colon; immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of colonic CD206 protein; Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technologies were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2. Results: Compared with the normal group, rats in the model group showed damaged colonic mucosa, missing of the epithelial layer, thickened submucosa, vascular proliferation, massive infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes, and cracked ulcers that reached the muscle layer. Rats in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group showed reduced intestinal inflammation and healing intestinal epithelium ulcers. Compared with the normal group, rat colonic CD206 protein expression, and the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2 were decreased in the model group (all P<0.01); compared with the model group, rat colonic CD206 protein expression was increased (P<0.01), as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of AMPK and TSC2 in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can reduce intestinal inflammation in CD rats, increase colonic CD206 protein expression, and up-regulate the protein and mRNA expressions of colonic AMPK and TSC2.