The article presented the drugs supply management mode reform in place since 2009 in the one district of Shanghai.Authors analyzed and commented the implementation and outcomes,and studied the potentials of successful promotion nationwide.They hold that such a mode works to some extent in terms of reducing management costs of medical institutions,lowering drug purchase price,encouraging rational drug use of such institutions,and reforming the compensation manner for medical institutions.This mode,however,calls for an operating environment in need of not only funding support,but also new concepts and economic development strength of the society as a whole.This means that such a mode is only recommended in developed areas in China.

Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy

Objective To evaluate and screen the concentration and coordination degree of the opinions of the experts in TCM pediatrics on the preventive method of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy;To formulate scientific and practical methods for perfume pouch wearing in this book. Methods Delphi method was applied to this research. All questionnaires were designed based on the literature research and distributed to more than 30 experts for 3 rounds. And the results in the first two rounds of survey were analyzed. Results Totally 31 and 33 valid questionnaires were received in the first and second time respectively. The experts’ activity index was 88.6% and 93.4% respectively. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy was set down. And most of the experts shared a positive view on the concentration and coordination degree of this book. Conclusion The experts’ opinions upon this draft are quite positive. The experts are from all over China, and they are quite professional, with representativeness. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy are generally recognized by the experts. However, there are still some different ideas in terms of some indexes, which need to be further discussed.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Electric Stimulation ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; blood ; Male ; Rabbits ; Resuscitation ; methods

Animals ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rabbits

Objective To investigate the neural proliferation , differentiation and apoptosis of the developing spinal cord of the mouse and to discuss the mechanism of spinal cord ’ s development .Methods 5-Bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU) assay was used to mark the proliferative neural stem cells , and the immunofluorescent stainings ( DCX, NeuN and Caspase8) were carried out to visualize the newborn neurons , mature cells and apoptotic cells in the spinal cord with 173 mice arrange from E18 to P90.Results BrdU positive neural stem cells appeared evenly in the spinal cord at early days . With age increasing , the neural stem cells differentiated into neuroglial cells and neurons .The newborn neurons in the subventricular zone migrated toward the intermediate zone ( putative gray matter ) and differentiated into mature neurons gradually .With neurons ’ concentrating towards the center , the gray matter formed an “H” shape .In the meantime , with neural differentiation , some apoptotic neurons appeared among the newborn neurons and mature neurons . Double immunostaining showed that most apoptotic neurons were newborn neurons , suggesting the neuroapoptosis more likely occurred in newborn neurons .The statistical data showed that the number of DCX , NeuN and Caspase-8 positive cells reduced with age increasing , suggesting neural differentiation and neuroapoptosis decreased during spinal cord ’ s development .Conclusion Neural proliferation , neural differentiation and neuroapoptosis occur in developing spinal cord . They work together to regulate the formation and development of the spinal cord .

Facial Paralysis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the difference in global longitudinal strain(GLS)and global circumferential strain (GCS)of three-layers of cardium between diabetes mellitus (DM)patients using layer-specific speckle-tracking imaging.Methods Fifty-seven DM patients and sixty matched controls were enrolled in the study.GLS and GCS of three-layer cardium were assessed using layer-specific speckle-tracking imaging,available by GE Vivid E9 and EchoPac workstation.Results GLS of three-layer cardium in DM patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls (all P <0.05).GCS of endo-and mid-cardium were significantly lower in DM patients than in normal controls (P < 0.05 ).There was no statistical difference of GCS of epi-cardium between the two groups (P > 0.05 ).GLS and GCS of three-layer cardium was highest in endo-cardium and lowest in epi-cardium.Conclusions GLS of three-layer cardium may be a sensitive indicator of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction in DM patients with normal ejection fraction.

Objective To study the effect of Pingchuan Formula(PCF)on Rho/Rock signaling pathway in the mice of asthmatic model, explore the mechanism of PCF on asthma. Methods Forty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups:a control group, a model group,a dexamethasone group and a PCF group. After treated with medicine for 4 weeks, albumen expression of RhoA and RockI in lung tissues were detected by using Western blot, mRNA expressions of RhoA and RockI were detected by using Real-time PCR. Results The albumen and the mRNA expression of RhoA and RockI in the model group were(1.05± 0.20),(1.06±0.08),(6.60±1.09), (6.53±1.84), the control group were(0.76±0.08), (0.84±0.14), (3.82± 1.77), (3.65±1.46),there was a significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). The albumen and the mRNA expression of RhoA and RockI in the dexamethasone group were(0.78±0.11), (0.87±0.32), (4.19± 2.33), (4.09±1.08), there was a significant difference compared with the model group(P<0.01). The PCF group were(0.86±0.12), (0.93±0.14), (4.38±2.01), (4.50±1.13), there was a difference compared with the model group(P<0.05). These was no difference between the dexamethasone group and the PCF group(P>0.05). Conclusion The expressions of Rho/Rock signaling pathway were controlled significantly by PCF, and the curative effect was similar to dexamethasone.

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular response of adult and neonate ovine articular cartilage to acute mechanical injury.MethodsAn established in vitro model was used to compare gene expression difference of ovine articular cartilage explants at different developmental stages 24 hours after mechanical injury and the gene expression was compared between these models and that of the uninjured controls by microarray analysis.Total RNA was isolated from the tissue samples,linearly amplified,and applied to a 15 208 Ovine probes cDNA microarray(Agilent).Validation for selected genes(PPARγ,GRO TNC and LDHA) was obtained by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Comparisons between groups were performed by variance analysis.ResultsThere was significant difference in gene expression in adult and neonatal ovine articular cartilage after mechanical injury.Eighty-six genes were significantly manipulated at least 2-fold following mechanical injury for neonate sheep and 83 genes for adult sheep (P＜0.05).Conclusion Our findings indicate that mechanical injury to adult and neonatal ovine articular cartilage results in the activation of a series of signaling responses.We could identify four significant genes that are up or downregulated in response to acute mechanical injury.Significant functional clusters including genes associated with wound healing,articular protection,repair integration,and energy metabolism.Of these,PPARG could be specifically identified as novel target molecules and potential chondroprotective agent involved in traumatic cartilage injury and cartilage integrated repair.