Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Fungi ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serologic Tests ; Specimen Handling

Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Phosphines ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) by meta-analysis.

METHODSWe searched Pubmed (until April 1, 2014), Embase (until March 28, 2014), Cochrane Library (until April 17, 2014), CBM (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), CNKI (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), Wanfang Database (from January 1, 2000 to February 2, 2014), and VIP Database (from January 1, 2000 to Febru ary 2, 2014) for randomized controlled trials of TU for the treatment of LOH. We evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the Rveman5. 2 software.

RESULTSTotally, 14 studies were included after screening, which involved 1 686 cases. Compared with the placebo and blank control groups, TU treatment significantly increased the levels of serum total testosterone (SMD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.99 to 8.45, P < 0.05) and serum free testosterone (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.86 to 6. 85, P < 0.05) but decreased the contents of luteinizing hormone (WMD = -2.23, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.42, P < 0.05), sex hormone binding globulin (WMD = 2.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63, P < 0.05). TU also remarkably reduced the scores of Partial Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Males (WMD = -9.49, 95% CI -12.96 to -6.03, P < 0.05) and Aging Males Symptoms rating scale (WMD = -2.76, 95% CI -4.85 to -0.66, P <0.05) but increased the hemoglobin level (SMD = 2.35, 95% CI 0.29 to 4.41, P < 0.05) and packed-cell volume (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.33, P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in aspertate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, prostate-specific antigen, or prostate volume after TU treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTU could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of LOH patients without inducing serious adverse reactions. However, due to the limited number and relatively low quality of the included studies, the above conclusion could be cautiously applied to clinical practice.

Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology

An oxygen-tolerant denitrifying strain designated as H1 was screened by the procedures of shallow shaking and continuous aeration cultures.With the aid of an nnrS-gfp fusion responsive to nitric oxide (NO)and acetylene inhibition-GC procedure,it was shown that strain H1 was able to produce NO and N_2O but not N_2 under denitrifying conditions.Denitrifying processes were thus determined as NO_3~-→NO_2~-→NO→N_2O,with N_2O as the end product.Strain H1 could denitrify under shallow shaking conditions as well as in the initial atmospheric oxygen concentration ranging from 0～21%.Denitrification processed normally under continuous aeration at the rate of 2 L air per min in a 150 mL medium,but stopped under high aeration rate as 5 L air per min.16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain H1 shared 98% similarity to its closet relative Ralstonia taiwanensis,the genus where denitrifying bacteria are frequently found.

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Jisheng injection (JSI) in protecting heart.

METHODSIsolated heart of rat was preserved in modified Euro-Collins solution (mEC) containing JSI for 20 hrs, and that preserved in simple mEC was taken as control. Then Langendorff isolated rat heart perfusion was conducted. Forty minutes after perfusion, the cardiac function, coronary flow, myocardial water content were determined, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity in perfusate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial tissue and pathologic change in myocardium were also observed.

RESULTSThe cardiac function and coronary flow of isolated heart preserved in JSI containing mEC was significantly better than those in the control (P < 0.01), with the LDH, CK activity and MDA content significantly lower (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), SOD activity significantly higher (P < 0.05) and pathologic injury milder than those in control, but comparison of cardiac water content between the two groups showed insignificant difference.

CONCLUSIONJSI has good cardiac protective and anti-oxidizing effects.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heart ; Male ; Organ Preservation ; Organ Preservation Solutions ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Splenic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on spastic pelvic floor syndrome (SPFS) treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34).

METHODSThirty-six cases of SPFS were treated with EA at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34), intermittent wave, 60 times/min in frequency, retained for 20 min. In general, the acupoints on one side were stimulated in each treatment. The bilateral acupoints stimulation was applied in serious cases. The treatment was given once every two days, five treatments made one session and totally three sessions were required. Before and after treatment, the clinical symptoms, anal kinetic indices defecation radiographic changes were observed. The follow-up observation was done in three months after the end of treatment.

RESULTSIn three-months follow-up after treatment, 14 cases were cured, 18 cases improved and 4 cases failed. The total effective rate was 88. 9%. After treatment, the cases of incomplete defecation, difficult defecation, anal pain and anal obstruction were reduced apparently as compared with those before treatment, indicating the statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). After treatment, rectal anal reflex threshold (ARA) was increased, anal maximal contraction pressure (AMCP) was reduced to (16.62±1.54) kPa and anal rest pressure (ARP) was significantly reduced to (7.22±0.36) kPa, indicating the statistical differences as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). After treatment, anorectal angle (ARA) in forceful defecation was increased to (116.55±9.42)°, the distance between the anorectal junction and the pubococcygeal line was decreased, and the impression of puborectal muscle was alleviated apparently as compared with that before treatment (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34) achieves definite efficacy on SPFS and this therapeutic method obviously relieves the symptoms and deserves to be promoted in clinic.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Anus Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Defecation ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Spasticity ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pelvic Floor ; pathology

Objective To explore whether the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) could induce apoptosis on SMMC-7721 cells and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The SMMC-7721 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:a blank control group,which was subject to sham exposure to ultrasound,and 3 ultrasound intervention groups exposed to ultrasound at intensities of 0.5,1.3 and 2.0 W/cm2,respectively.Then they were incubated for 6 h.The cell apoptosis,necrosis and changes of cell cycles were measured using the flow cytometry.The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe microstructural changes in the cells.The agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) was used to examine the DNA fragmentation,and Western-blotting was employed to assess the protein expression of caspase-3.Results The average cell apoptosis rate of the 3 intervention groups were 4.66％,8.99％ and 32.41％,respectively.The percentage of cells in G2 phase increased significantly and those in G1 phase decreased significantly in the 3 intervention groups compared to the blank control group at the same time points.In the intervention groups,significant cell apoptosis was observed under TEM,and DNA ladders was seen in AGE,with DNA fragments appearing obviously when cells were incubated for 6 h and 9 h after ultrasound exposure.In intervention groups subject to 1.3 and 2.0 W/cm2 ultrasound exposure,the protein expression of caspase-3 was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion LIPU can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells with a dose-dependent feature.The possible mechanism underlying the LIPU-induced cell apoptosis might be related to the activation of the mitochondria pathway,and especially the caspase-3 protein.