Objective To investigate the effect of sedation on respiratory mechanic dynamics, intrapulmonary shunt fraction,oxygen metabolism in patients with mechanical ventilation.Method Sixty patients with mechanical ventilation were divided randomly into control group and sedation group.Propofal was administered to patients,whose ramsay scores were kept atⅢorⅣlevels,in sedation group while the equal amount of normal saline was given in control group.Mixed venous blood and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis in both groups before and at 2 hours after administration.Heart rate,blood pressure,breathing rate and airway resistance all were recorded at the same time.Results There were no significant differences in oxygenation index,blood pressure,blood lactic acid,total lung static compliance and intrapulmonary shunt fraction between two groups before and after administration.Heart rate,respiratory rate,oxygen uptake and airway resistance of patients in sedation group were lower than those in control group,and partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood of patients in sedation group were higher than those in control group.These differences were statistically significant.Conclusions Sedation can decrease oxygen uptake and airway resistance of patients with mechanical ventilation.However,no alteration in the oxygenation index,total lung static compliance and intrapulmonic shunt ratio can be observed.

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To evaluate the role of TCD examination in diagnosis of the early cerebrovascular diseases in aged diabetic patients.Methods 179 cases of aged type Ⅱ diabetic patients were divided into three groups(PDR,BDR and NDB)according to their retinopathy.TCD and retina examination were performed in all patients and the data be analysed. Results (1)The systolic peak flow velocity(Vp) of MCA、ACA、ICA and BA were significant increased in diabetic pa- tients than in normal control group(P

OBJECTIVE ToexplorethepossiblemechanismoractiontargetsofT-2toxinembryo toxicity by observing the effect of T-2 toxin on mitochondrial function of differentiated murine e mbryonic stemcells(mESCs).METHODS Duringdifferentiationat24,72and120h,ESCswereexposedto T-2 toxin 0.5 μg·L-1 .Meanwhile,mESCs were pre-treated with antioxidant Trolox (200 μmol·L-1 )for 30 min and exposed to T-2 toxin (0.5 μg·L-1 )for 72 h.The mitochondrial ultrasture of differentiated mESCs was observed under a transi mission electrical microscope (TEM).The differentiated ESC mito-chondrial function,including respiratory control ratio (RCR),ATP synthase activity and mitochondrial membranepotential(MMP),wasmeasuredat144hafterdifferentiation.RESULTS Significant decrease of the mitochondrial number,deformation of mitochondrial structure,and lack of complete mito-chodrial crest were observed through TEM in the groups of T-2 toxin exposed for 72 and 1 20 h,respec-tively.Compared with the normal control group,RCR declined by 49.5% and 55.1%,ATP synthase activity decreased by 84.9% and 89.3%,and MMP decreased by 23.2% and 35.2% in T-2 toxin 0.5 μg·L-1 exposure 72 and 1 20 h group,respectively.However,the inhibition of mitochondrial function by T-2 toxin in differentiated mESCs recovered significantly in the presence of the antioxidant Trolox. CONCLUSION T-2toxininducesoxidativestressandinhibitsmESCsmitochondrialfunctionindifferenti-ated mESCs,and ROS-induced mitochondrial malfunction plays an i mportant role in T-2 toxin e mbryonic toxicity mechanis m.

The fatty acid contents in soybean oil, corn oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil and fish oil were detected by gas chromatography. According to the characteristics of fatty acids of raw oil and the relevant regulations of GB 10765-2010,the formula of 6 kinds of human milk lipid substitutes was designed by Matlab software and Excel linear programming. At the same time, the Schaal oven accelerated oxidation method was used to study the oxidation process of 6 formulations using synchronous fluorescence technique combined with traditional chemical reagents (oxidation index:peroxide value,value of fennel and total oxidation value). By statistical analysis of data, the statistical relationship between fluorescence intensity and oxidation index was explored. The results showed that the main fatty acids of coconut oil were lauric acid and myristic acid,and its saturated fatty acid content was the highest 93.75% ±0.06%;while all the other oils were mainly composed of palmitic acid,linoleic acid and other components,wherein the fish oil had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acid. With the increase of oxidation time,the fluorescence intensity decreased gradually and the oxidation index value increased continuously. The correlation analysis and regression analysis results showed that the change of oxidation index and the fluorescence intensity of 6 samples had negative correlation, and the fluorescence intensity and the peroxide value and total oxidation value was quadratic linear correlation, and anisidine value as a linear correlation had strong correlation.

In this study, a combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology was used to study the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of action of Yiyi Fuzi powder (YYFZ) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats. The animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: TCM-LAEC2021241). The metabolomic analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique identified 22 metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan, linoleic acid, phenylalanine, as significant biomarkers for the treatment of RA with YYFZ, and they were significantly regressed after YYFZ treatment. The analysis of YYFZ blood components also revealed that 11 blood components, including hypaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and deoxyaconitine, may be the components that exert direct pharmacological effects in YYFZ in vivo, and further network pharmacological analysis of blood components obtained that YYFZ may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects through acting on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The results of this study provide implications for the clinical application of YYFZ.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue Compound (BHC) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF mRNA in retinal Muller cells under high glucose condition or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) condition by using serum pharmacological method.

METHODSThe retinal Müller cells of 5-7 days post-natal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with modified enzyme-digestion method. Purified retinal Muller cells were cultured in normal conditions, high glucose condition (50 mmol/L) or AGEs (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L) conditions, and BHC-containing serum was added to culture medium. The LDH leakage and VEGF expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the relative expression of VEGF mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were significantly increased in the high glucose group, the low dose AGEs group and the high dose AGEs group (all P < 0.01). The LDH leakage was obviously increased in the high dose AGEs group, when compared with the normal control group and the high glucose group (P < 0.01). The LDH leakage, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were obviously decreased by BHC-containing serum both in high glucose and AGEs conditions (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). BHC-containing serum had no significant effect on the LDH leakage and expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in normal conditions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAGEs intervention could obviously lower the stability of Müller cell membrane. Up-regulated expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in cultured Müller cells could be induced by AGEs or high glucose. BHC-containing serum could stabilize the stability of Müller cell membrane, inhibit the transcription of VEGF mRNA and decrease the protein expression of VEGF, which might be one of important mechanisms for preventing and treating diabetic retinopathy.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Glucose ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective: To explore the effect of age and gender on head-up tilt test (HUTT) for diagnosing the patients with suspected vasovagal syncope (VVS).
Methods: A total of 1223 patients who received HUTT in our hospital from 2008-08 to 2012-12 were studied. The patients were from 7 to 79 years of age and divided into 4 groups. Group 1, the patients≤20 years of age, n=145, Group 2, the patients at (21-40) years, n=375, Group 3, the patients at (41-60) years, n=584 and Group 4, the patients>60 years, n=119. The HUTT comprised a 30 min basic phase and 20 min sublingual nitroglycerin provocation phase. According to ECG and blood pressure changes, the HUTT positive patients included vasodepressor type, cardio-inhibitory type and mixed type.
Results: The overall positive rate of HUTT was 51%(624/1223) and the female was higher than male, (60.1%vs 39.9%), P=0.001. The positive rates in 4 age groups were at 68.3%, 49.1%, 48.6% and 47.9% respectively. In HUTT positive patients, there were 51.4% (321/624) patients with mixed type of VVS, 28.7% (179/624) with vasodepressor type of VVS and 19.9% (124/624) with cardio-inhibitory type of VVS. The positive HUTT reaction was inlfuenced by the age as in male:x2=15.65, P=0.016 and in female:x2=18.84, P=0.004. For basic phase of HUTT, there were 74.8%of positive reactions started at 22.5 (17.5-27.5) min of the test without age difference, P>0.05;for sublingual nitroglycerin provocation phase of HUTT, there were 81.9%positive reactions started at 7.5 (5-10) min and the female was earlier than male (7.5 vs 10) min, P=0.004.
Conclusion: There were age and gender differences for HUTT diagnosing the patients with VVS for their positive rate, type and starting time.

Objective To investigate the echocardiographic features and clinical significance of prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods Fetal echocardiographic images of 13 fetuses with TAPVC conifrmed by pathology or postnatal echocardiography were reviewed. Echocardiographic features and clinical signiifcance of prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC were summarized. Results Twelve fetuses with TAPVC were diagnosed prenatally by fetal echocardiography, including seven cases of supracardiac type, three cases of infracardiac type and two cases of intracardiac type. The common echocardiographic characteristics of 12 fetuses with TAPVC included slightly size discrepancy of left heart and right heart, large foramen ovale with increased shunting at the atrial level, increased distance between left atrium (LA) and descending aorta, absent insertions of pulmonary veins in the LA, presence of pulmonary venous conlfuence on the top of LA and dilatation of vessels where pulmonary venous conlfuence drained. One case was missed prenatally and intracardiac type TAPVC was diagnosed by postnatal echocardiography. Among the 13 cases, three were isolated and the other ten were all in association with other abnormalities. Conclusions There are fetal echocardiographic characteristics of TAPVC. Fetal echocardiography plays an important role in prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC.

AIM: To explore the characteristic of relaxation of porcine cornea after LASIKMETHODS: Usual LASIK was performed on fresh porcine corneas with stable intraoculer pressure (IOP) maintained through optic nerve irrigation. The ablation depth on stroma is 30%, 50% and 70% respectively. Then the dumbbell-shaped corneal strip specimens were cut and stored in 20% Human Albumin solution for use (4℃).Sip up the Albumin solution on specimens, and fixed them on homemade jig. Stress relaxation tests were erformed on Tytron250 Dynamics Experiment System. the loading speed was 385mm/min,extending ratewas 1.5, and relaxation time was 1 000s. The data werecollected electronically and automatically.RESULTS: In LASIK procedure, though a single flap-cutting can cause a little reduction of corneal stress relaxation (P＜0.05,P=0.49), the cornea may still remain its property of visco-elasticity. When ablation depth was 30% or more, corneal stress relaxation decreased to almost one half (P＜0.01).The change of corneal stress relaxation degree in vertical meridian specimen was lower than that in horizontal specimen, especially when ablation depth was 70%, and it's statistically significant (P＜0.001). In LASIK operation, the more depth the ablation, the more reduce the stress relaxation degree, and it's easy to cause deformation and creep deformation.CONCLUSION: The changes of the stress relaxation in verticai and longitudinal meridian specimens are similar, and slightly obvious in longitudinal specimen, especially in 70%ablation group.