0.05). Conclusion Enough high-purified LECs can be isolated by collagenase digestion procedure followed by immunomagnetic beads sorting. Post-thawed endothelial cells are proved to have high vitality and growth potential in vitro without significant morphological changes. Cryopreserved LECs may serve as a cell choice for research of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic patterning.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Phosphines ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption kinetics of baicalin and baicalein in rats' stomachs and intestines.

METHODThe drug concentration by in situ perfusion in rats were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe hourly absorption percentages of baicalin in stomach, small intestine and colon were 8.05%, - 0.94% and 2.32%, respectively, and baioalein with 34.53%, 30.61% and 4.89%, respectively. The absorption rate constants of baicalein were 0.090 7, 0.083 7, 0.076 6 and 0.048 3, respectively in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon.

CONCLUSIONBaicalin is moderately absorbed in stomach and poorly in small intestine and colon; Baicalein is well absorbed in stomach and small intestine but worse in colon, suggesting that the former is more suitable to be administered orally. The extensive absorption segments of bacailein suggests that it can be processed into a sustained-release preparation.

Animals ; Colon ; metabolism ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Stomach ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Xianxiong decoction on the mice with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide.

METHODEighty female ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: model group, Xianxiong decoction group, Daxianxiong decoction group, Xianxiong decoction group without Kansui Radix group, Xianxiong decoction group without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Kansui Radix group, normal group and control group. Animals of each group, except normal group, were undertaken intraperitoneal injection and intranasal inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 1, 2, 3 to establish acute lung injury (ALI) model. 30 min after modeling, 0.2 mL corresponding drugs were administrated to each mice, dexam ethasone and normal saline were given to the mice of control group and normal group respectively. White blood cell in blood, neutrophil percentage of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatant, the ratio of wet and dry lung tissue ( W/D), histopathological changes of lung tissue were estimated. Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into normal, model, control, high, middle and low dose Xianxiong decoction groups and were modeled in the same way. ELISA was applied to detect the level of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in BALF, PCR for NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha mRNA in lung tissue, and Western blot for NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha. Half of 20 ICR mice were administrated with Xianxiong decoction of its maximum tolerant normal saline.

RESULTCompared with model group, the number of WBC in blood of Xianxiong decoction group mice decreased (P < 0.01), percentage of neutrophils in both blood and BALF decreased as well (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); it also significantly reduced the ratio of W/D (P < 0.01); and found the alveolar wall, the number of inflammatory cells infiltrating improved, compared with model group. Xianxiong decoction reduced the level of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in BALF (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05); its high and low dose groups only found TNF-alpha level declined. Five mice died 24 h after administration of Xianxiong decoction which indicated its toxicity when other influential factors were considered.

CONCLUSIONXianxiong decoction is effective on the ALI mice induced by LPS, but it is of toxicity at 3 g x mL(-1).

Acute Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

To study the transport mechanisms of drugs for transplacental treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia, MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell models was used. MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII cell monolayer model was used to investigate the bi-direction transport of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone, procainamide and flecainide. Drug concentrations were measured by HPLC-UV or chemiluminescence. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)), efflux rate (R(E)) and net efflux rate (R(net)) were calculated. Drugs with R(net) greater than 1.5 were further investigated using cellular accumulation experiments with or without a BCRP inhibitor. The R(net) of sotalol, propranolol, propafenone and procainamide were less than 1.5, while R(net) of flecainide with concentrations of 20 and 5 μmol x L(-1) were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. The results showed that the transport of flecainide on MDCKII-BCRP cell monolayer could be mediated by BCRP; and the affinity increased when the concentration of flecainide decreased. Cellular accumulation experiments further suggested that accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells was significantly lower than that in MDCKII cells in a concentration-dependent manner. BCRP inhibitor quercetin (50 μmol x L(-1)) significantly increased the accumulation of flecainide in MDCKII-BCRP cells (P < 0.05). Our preliminary data showed that flecainide but not sotalol, propranolol, propafenone or procainamide can be a substrate of BCRP. Thus the effect of flecainide may be affected by the BCRP in the maternal placental trophoblast membrane layer when treating fetal tachyarrhythmia.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Dogs ; Female ; Flecainide ; metabolism ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; metabolism ; Placenta ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Tachycardia ; drug therapy

To investigate the influence of the difference enhancers on the transport mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) across Caco-2 cells model, a RP-HPLC method was adopted to detect the concentrations of CGA. At the concentrations of 20 to 80 microg x mL(-1), the difference of absorption rate constants (K(a)) was not statistically significant. At the concentrations of 40 and 20 microg x mL(-1), the ratios of apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) of the apical to basolateral and the basolateral to apical were 1.14 and 1.18, respectively. With the effect of enhancers K(a) and P(app) increased, the absorption half-life (T1/2) decreased. CGA passed through the Caco-2 cell membrane mainly by passive transport. It showed that monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) could be involved in the across membrane transport process of CGA. Borneol had no effect on the cell membrane transport processes. The order of increasing absorption of CGA caused by the enhancers was sodium lauryl sulphate > sodium taurocholate > carbomer.
Absorption ; Acrylic Resins ; pharmacology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; drug effects ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Taurocholic Acid ; pharmacology

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Despite the progress in treatment and new medicines for hepatitis C, the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of medicines in CKD patients remain unclear. This article reviews the current situation of HCV infection in CKD patients, methods for evaluating liver condition in HCV-CKD patients, and the latest progress in HCV-CKD treatment. More clinical practice is needed to verify the selection and dosage of medicines for HCV-CKD.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of TNF-?on hTERT gene expression in human myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 and K562/ADM and to study the influence of changed telomerase activity on expression of multi- drug resistance-1(mdr 1)gene.Methods:K562 and K562/ADM cells were treated with 5?10~6 U/L TNF-?for 24 h, then cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of hTERT and mdrl mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the telomerase activity was detected by ELISA.Results:TNF-?in- hibited the growth of K562 and K562/ADM cells and the inhibition showed a time-effect relationship(P

Background: The autologous saphenous vein is the most common conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, but the vein graft disease will occur. This study used Matrigel basement membrane matrix with many different growth factors to promote vasa vasorum neovascularization and extenuate the hypoxia to improve remodeling. Methods: This study observed the hypoxia and thickness of the vein grafts at different times. Normal veins and vein grafts with 15 min of ischemia one day postoperatively were harvested in the neck of rabbits. Paired vein grafts with 15 min ischemia bilaterally (control vs. Matrigel basement membrane matrix) were performed and harvested at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The rabbits were randomly divided into four postoperative groups (six rabbits in each group): Group 1, one day postoperatively; Group 2, 2 weeks postoperatively;Group 3, 6 weeks postoperatively; and Group 4, 12 weeks postoperatively. The dimensions of vessel wall were captured, and the mean thicknesses of intima, media, and adventitia were measured. The hypoxia?inducible factor (HIF)?1α and HIF?2α labeling indices of intima, media, and adventitia were also measured. Results: In Group 1, the labeling index of HIF?1α was high in the normal vein and decreased significantly in the vein graft one day postoperatively (intima: 80 ± 3% vs. 12 ± 1%, P = 0.01; media: 67 ± 5% vs. 11 ± 1%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 40 ± 10% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.03). The labeling index of HIF?2α had similar trend as HIF?1α (intima: 80 ± 10% vs. 10 ± 5%, P = 0.02; media: 60 ± 14% vs. 12 ± 2%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 45 ± 20% vs. 10 ± 4%, P = 0.03). Compared with the control vein grafts, vein grafts with Matrigel basement membrane matrix had lower labeling indices of HIF?1α and HIF?2α in media and adventitia at Group 2 (HIF?1α: 34 ± 5% vs. 20 ± 4%, P = 0.04 for media; 23 ± 3% vs. 11 ± 2%, P = 0.03 for adventitia; HIF?2α: 37 ± 6% vs. 21 ± 4%, P = 0.03 for media; 24 ± 4% vs. 13 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for adventitia) and Group 3 (HIF?1α: 33 ± 4% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for media; 13 ± 3% vs. 3 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia; HIF?2α:27 ± 4% vs. 12 ± 3%, P = 0.02 for media; 19 ± 2% vs. 6 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia). There were no differences in mean thickness of intima, media, and adventitia between bilateral vein grafts at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: This study indicated that promoting vasa vasorum neovascularization of vein grafts extenuated hypoxia, but did not influence the intimal hyperplasia of the wall.

The AtTOM1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana had been shown to be essential for the efficient multiplication of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in A. thaliana. In this study, we cloned an AtTOMl-like gene from Nicotiana benthamiana named as NbTOM1. Sequence alignment showed that NbTOM1 is closely related to AtTOM1 homologues ofN. tabacum and Lycopersicon esculentum with 97.2% and 92.6% nucleotide sequence identities, respectively. Silencing of NbTOM1 by a modified viral satellite DNA-based vector resulted in complete inhibition of the multiplication of TMV in N. benthamiana. The result suggests that inhibition of NbTOM1 via RNA silencing is a potentially useful method for generating TMV-resistant plants.