Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological effects of ectopic overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in human malignant glioma cell line, and to explore new method of differentiation induction gene therapy for gliomas.

METHODSA eukaryotic expression vector containing 1.1 kb GFAP cDNA fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, pIRGFP-GFAP, was transfected into human SHG-44 glioma cell line by lipofectamine. The expression of GFAP/GFP gene and their proteins were detected by fluorescent real-time monitoring, in situ hybridization, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Flow cytometry, soft agar colony formation and other methods were used to measure the effects of exogenous GFAP expression on cell cycle progression, morphology and growth features of the transfected glioma cells.

RESULTSThe expressions of GFAP mRNA and its protein were markedly increased in SHG-44 cells upon stable transfection with pIRGFP/GFAP vector. Profound morphological changes in these cells were also observed, including the formation of abundant, stellate and thin cytoplasmic processes and a reduction of atypia. Cell proliferation rate and its tumorigenecity on soft agar were markedly reduced. In addition, cell cycle analysis revealed a percentage decrease of cell populations at G0/G1 and G2/M phases.

CONCLUSIONSEctopic overexpression of GFAP gene could significantly suppress the growth of SHG-44 malignant glioma cells along with an induction of differentiation. These results imply that forced over-expression of GFAP gene may provide a new strategy for glioma therapy.

Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To determine the trend of emergency department (ED)mortality of a tertiary general hospital from 2004 to 2014 in order to find the factors that may impact on ED mortality.Methods Mortality in ED was estimated according to the ratio of ED visiting patients to ED deaths.And the data of all ED deaths in 2004,2009 and 2014 were collected.Variance analysis and chi-square test were used for data analysis.Results During the past decade,ED visiting patients was increased significantly by 38.0% in 2014,compared with those in 2004,and the mortality was also increased accordingly from 0.7% in 2004, to 0.9% in 2009,to 1.2% in 2014 (P <0.01).Finally,a total of 1,091 deaths occurred in these three years were included for further evaluation.There were no significant changes in average age and gender distribution,and the average age was 61.9 and the male /female ratio was 1.36∶1 during past decade.The number of adults under 40 years old (18 -39)increased from 7.5% in 2004,to 10.6% in 2009,to 14.4% in 2014 (P <0.05).Both the facilities were upgraded and the number of staffs in ED increased markedly.The cardiovascular illness,cerebrovascular diseases,and sudden death were the leading causes of ED death during past decade.The incidences of trauma and tumor remained unchanged.Average time consumed from onset of illness to arrival to ED didn’t vary significantly during past decade.The study showed no changes in use of ambulance,but remarkable increases in number of non-compliant patients or their family from 18.3% in 2004,to 25.6% in 2009,to 38.3% in 2014 (P <0.01).The percentage of patients in the night time was higher,but there were no significant changes in number of emergency patients in the night time and during holidays in the past decade,but the mean ED stay time increased obviously from 22.4 h in 2004 to 53.3 h in 2014 (P <0.05 ).Conclusions During the past decade,although ED facilities and number of staffs have been improved apparently,ED mortality rate still keeps on escalating. The increase in ED mortality rate may be related to the severely ill patients presenting to ED,the obvious decrease in compliance of patients and the prolonged ED stay time.

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in Jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control.

METHODSThe epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Jinan from 1951 to 2005 were analyzed. A total of 485,333 cases in the span of 50 years were recorded, while the population-based case distribution was less than the total cases due to the data incompleteness during the Cultural Revolution.

RESULTSThe incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been decreasing by years with average incidence rate of 283.10/100,000. The significant differences were observed among the incidence rates of various ages(chi2 = 14.99, P < 0.05). There were four epidemic peaks, and all the incidence rates were about 1000/100,000. Age of onset mainly concentrated in the 0-4 years old, 20-years old and 30-years old. In terms of occupational distribution, workers accounted for 30.31%, the living-scattered children accounted for 22.71%, and the farmers accounted for 17.90%. The incidence focus was from July to September, which accounted for 71.57%. The peak of incidence emerged in August. The highest incidence in urban was 550.94/100,000.

CONCLUSIONThrough the efforts of several generations of health workers, the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been basically brought under control. Further step should be taken for the control of bacterial dysentery in urban areas and the management of bacterial dysentery in rural areas. Moreover, the biological characteristics of F2a should be a focus for the future study.

China ; epidemiology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Shigella dysenteriae ; Shigella flexneri ; Shigella sonnei

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of placement of urethral catheter combined with lidocaine on urethral irritation caused by postoperative indwelling catheters.

METHODSA total of 120 male surgical patients requiring postoperative indwelling catheters between June 2011 and January 2012 were divided into two equal groups for placement of painless urethral catheter combined with bladder washing with lidocaine on the first postoperative day, or for routine catheter placement only. The symptoms of urethral irritation such as urethral pain, urinary urgency, and perineal discomforts were observed and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSIn patients with painless urethral catheter placement combined with bladder washing with lidocaine, 11 developed urethral irritation symptoms, as compared to 24 in the patients with routine catheter placement only, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPlacement of painless urethral catheter combined with bladder washing with lidocaine can significantly reduce the incidence of urethral irritation due to postoperative indwelling catheters.

Adult ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Catheterization ; methods ; Urinary Catheters ; adverse effects ; Urination Disorders ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution, species, seasonal fluctuation of ticks and detect new bunyavirus in some hematophagus in the endemic areas of fever thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan province.

METHODSFrom March to December 2011, the free ticks were collected manually with white cloth from the grassland and the parasitic ticks were collected from the host skin by hand searching in Xinyang and Jiyuan. The density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were analyzed after classification of the specimen. The hematophagus were collected including gadfly (38 in 16 groups), cattle lice (224 in 16 groups), mosquitoes (238 in 17 groups) and ticks (825 in 77 groups), then RNA of new bunyavirus were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSA total of 12 388 ticks were collected in Xinyang and Jiyuan, consisting of 2 families, 5 geniuses and 6 species. In Xinyang city, 622 ticks were identified, consisting of 2 families, 3 geniuses and 3 species, including 2 (0.32%) Ornithodoros lahorensis, 451 (72.51%) Haemaphysalis longicornis and 117 (18.81%) Boophilus microplus. In Jiyuan city, 11 766 ticks were identified, consisting of 1 family, 4 geniuses and 5 species, including 7718 (65.60%) Haemaphysalis longicornis, 164 (1.39%) H.anatolicum anatolicum and 710 (6.03%) other ticks such as H. detritum, Boophilus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Haemaphysalis longicornis were found in both districts as the predominant species in Henan province. Ticks were active from March to October. The average density was 160 per person hour and the peak was from May to July with density 278, 209 and 542 per person hour respectively. The results was positive in RNA detection of new bunyavirus in 11 groups of tick and 3 groups of gadfly by RT-PCR. The results were negative in all other hematophagus.

CONCLUSIONOrnithodoros lahorensis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Boophilus microplus, H.anatolicum anatolicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and H. detritum were found in Henan province. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominant species. The density of ticks varied with the seasons. The detection of new bunyavirus by PCR was positive in some ticks and gadflies.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Fever ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Insecta ; virology ; Leukopenia ; complications ; epidemiology ; Orthobunyavirus ; isolation & purification ; Ticks ; classification ; physiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo compare the tubulogenesis capability of malignant glioma-derived microvessel endothelial cells (GDMEC) from human brain with that of ECV304 cells in a three dimentional model and to explore the significance of GDMEC in the study on angiogenesis.

METHODSThe GDMEC were isolated from malignant gliomas of human brain and purified by selective binding to the monoclonal antibody against CD105 bound to the magnetic MACS MicroBeads. GDMEC and endothelial-like cell line ECV304 were compared with their capabilities of formatting tubule-like structure (TLS) in the three dimentional collagen matrix, with or without inducement by various concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTSThe obtained GDMEC had a high purification (98%) and could be successfully cultured in vitro. GDMECs formed more TLS than ECV304 cells of the same number and at the same time points. VEGF could induce rapid formation of TLS in a dose-dependent manner, however, ECV304 cells were less response to VEGF stimulation.

CONCLUSIONSGDMEC could maintain their endothelial characteristics and potential capability of angiogenesis. They were more response to VEGF than ECV304, therefore, more suitable for in vitro studies on tumor angiogenesis.

Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Glioma ; blood supply ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biapenem versus imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of acute bacterial infections.Methods A multicenter,randomized,controlled clinical trial was carried out.In the study,135 proper patients were enrolled in biapenem (trial group),while 137 proper patients were enrolled in imipenem/cilastatin(control group).The daily dose of biapenem and imipenem/cilastatin are 600 mg and 1500 mg respectively.The treatment duration for both groups was from 7 to 14 days.Results The cure rate for trial and control was separately 62.79%and 55.64%.The effective rate for trial and control was separately 93.8%and 88.72%.The bacterial eradication rate for trial and control was separately 90.41%and 88.33%.The incidence of drug adverse reaction was 10.37%and 11.03%,respectively.Conclusion Biapenem is both effective and safe drug for acute bacterial infection.

Benzodiazepines(BDZs)are used in clinics for anxiolysis,anticonvulsants,sedative hypnosis,and muscle relaxation.They have high consumptions worldwide because of their easy availability and potential addiction.They are often used for suicide or criminal practices such as abduction and drug-facilitated sexual assault.The pharmacological effects of using small doses of BDZs and their detections from complex biological matrices are challenging.Efficient pretreatment methods followed by accurate and sensitive detections are necessary.Herein,pretreatment methods for the extraction,enrichment,and preconcentration of BDZs as well as the strategies for their screening,identification,and quantitation developed in the past five years have been reviewed.Moreover,recent advances in various methods are summarized.Characteristics and advantages of each method are encompassed.Future directions of the pretreatment and detection methods for BDZs are also reviewed.

Objective To explore the distribution of HBV genotype and serotype from Tibetan in Tongde, Qinghai. Methods Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used for amplification of S gene and C gene of HBV from sera carried by Tibetan chronic HBV carrier in Tongde, Qinghai, then the HBV DNA positive products were sequenced by direct sequencing. Genotype and serotype were identified by analysis of sequence result. Results 271, which come from 311 sera samples with positive H BsAg randomly selected from natural community, were amplified and sequenced in beth S gene and C gene successfully, 10(3.7 % ), 261 (96.3 % ) out of them were identified as genotype C, recombinant between genotypes C and D respectively; 259 (95.6%), 10 (3.7 % ), 2 (0.7%) belonged to serotype ayw2,adr,adw2 respectively. Conclusion The recombinant between genotypes C and D was the main genotype in Tibetan chronic carrier with hepatitis B in Tongde, Qinghai;the serotype of this areas was consisted largely of ayw2.