Objection To investigate the effects of etomidate on aorta isolated from IR rats, and explore its underlying endothelium-related mechanism(s). Methods The IR animal model was made by feeding rats with high fructose diet for 8 weeks. Aortic rings were isolated and suspended in a tissue bath, and tensions were recorded isometrically. The effects of etomidate on provoked contractions of the rings were assessed in absence or presence of potassium channel blockers or NO-synthase inhibitors. Results Etomidate-induced relaxation in IR rings was greater than NC rings. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or glibenclamide (Gli) inhibit significantly etomidate-induced relaxation in IR rings, and the inhibition of Gli was disappeared in endothelial-denuded aortic rings. Conclusion Etomidate cause vasodilation in IR rat aortas by an endothelial-dependent and independent manner. Impaired NO- and KATP channel-mediated relaxation and etomidate-induced increased availability of may involve in endothelial-dependent relaxation of etomidate in IR rat aortas.

Objective To investigate the association between Down's syndrome(DS) and congenital heart diseases(CHD).Methods A total of 575 cases with DS from Jan.1997 to Mar.2013 in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were recruited.Retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and types of CHD in DS children,the relationship between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD,and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and operation treatment.Results There were 370 cases(64.35％,370/575 cases) with CHD in 575 cases with DS.Among the 370 cases of CHD,322 cases (87.03 ％) were septal defects.In which,57 cases (15.41％) were atrial septal defects,36 cases (9.72％) were ventricular septal defects,12 cases (3.24％) were atrioventricular septal defects,and 157 cases(47.30％) were complex septal defects.Forty-eight cases(12.97％,48/370 cases) were nonseptal defect types of CHD (including patent ductus arteriosus,tetralogy of Fallot,double outlet right ventricle,pulmonary atresia,and so on).There was no statistical significance between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD.There were 246 cases(66.49％,246/370 cases) with PH.Seventy cases(18.92％,70/370 cases) had interventional or surgical operations.All of them had descending pulmonary artery pressure after operation.Forty cases had other malformations such as gastrointestinal tract malformation,polydactylism / polydactyly,visual impairment,and so on.Conclusions The most common type of CHD with DS was atrial septal defect,and the second one was ventricular septal defect.There was no relationship between the karyotype of DS and the types of CHD.The patients with CHD in DS were prone to develop PH.So the comprehensive treatment plan should be developed as early as possible.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetic foot (DF) and the normal,high and low ankle brachial index (ABI) in type 2 diabetic patients and explore the risk factor for abnormal ABI and the clinical predictive value for DF.Methods A total of 2681 type 2 diabetic patients who visited our hospital between January,2007 to December,2009 were enrolled in the study.The clinical data were analyzed and the risk factors for abnormal ABI were determined by logistic regression analysis.Results ABI was normal (0.9-＜ 1.3) in 2362 cases (88.1％),while below 0.9 in 277 cases (10.3％) and equal or over 1.3 in 42 cases (1.6％).The elderly patients (≥ 60 years) had a higher prevalence of low ABI than the non-elderly patients(20.41％ vs.4.10％,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence of DF was 25.63％,3.05％,26.19％ in ABI ＜ 0.9,0.9-＜ 1.3 and ≥ 1.3 groups,respectively,and the prevalence in groups ABI ＜ 0.9 and ≥ 1.3 was higher than that in group ABI 0.9-＜ 1.3.Similar U-shape distribution was observed in the prevalence of abnormal ABI and DF.ABI was negatively correlated with age,diabetes duration,uric acid (UA),24 hours microalbuminuria,while positively correlated with body mass index (BMI),diastolic blood pressure,triacylglyceride,total cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Abnormal ABI was independently correlated with age,diabetes duration,HbA1c,UA,24 hours microalbuminuria,diabetic kidney disease,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic vascular diseases.Conclusion The prevalence of abnormal ABI is higher in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Abnormal ABI could be an early predictor for DF.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the type and biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials, and to evaluate its application in anticancer drugs. METHODS: A computer-based on-line research was performed in China Journal Full-text Database and Pubmed database published from 1990 to 2009. The key words were "polymer, anticancer drug, carrier". Articles concerning biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were included. Meta analysis and repetitive studies were excluded. RESULTS: Quality of articles was assessed, and a total of 24 articles were included. Biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were summarized. Medical polymer vehicle materials are novel technique with the development of pharmacological study, biomaterial study and clinical medicine. Good biocompatibility, biodegradability, regulation of degradation rate and good workability of polymer materials provided convenience and possibility for innovation of pharmaceutical preparation. Structure of drug carrier material, elevation of drug-loading efficiency, in vivo distribution, biodegradation function and effects of degradation product on bodies deserved further investigations. The study focus of anticancer drug high polymer carrier lies in the search of carrier materials with strong choice and good outcomes. CONCLUSION: Medical polymer carrier materials can control drug release speed by dosage form changes, which induced a stable drug concentration in vivo. The medical polymer carrier materials also can send drugs to a certain part of the body by release system, which cannot affect other regions in the body.

Objective To study the expression of TGase3 mRNA in esophageal carcinoma and to investigate it's role and the significance of in the carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of TGase3 mRNA in 70 ca8es of esophageal carcinoma tissue and 10 cases of normal esophageal tissue were detected by tissue miemarray(TMA)and in situ hybridization(ISH)methods.Results The loss expression rate of TGase3mRNA in esophageal carcinoma tissue was 68.57%(48/70),which was significantly higher than in normal control(P＜0.05).The expression of TGase3 mRNA was no correlation with patients'sex,age,tumor site,lymph node metastasis.But it's significant correlation with clinical stage,histology grade,Pathology grade(P＜0.05).Conclusion There was a high frequency of TGase3 mRNA expression loss in esophageal carcinoma,TGase3 mRNA gene may be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal carcinoma.

The response of rat mesenteric microvessels to noradrenaline (NA) in different stages of endotoxic shock was investigated by using vital microscope with video television recorder. It was found that the diameter of the microvessels showed a dose-dependent decrease to local NA application from the low to high concentration. The constricted response curve was remained unchanged at the experimental duration. The constricted response to NA was increased significantly at early stage of shock but was decreased at late stage (both P

The pathogenic basis of degenerative retinal diseases is structural and functional abnormality of neuron of retina.The irreversible damage of visual function is the unfortunate results of degenerative retinal diseases,and some effective treating approach to these blindness eye diseases is still in expectation.In recent years,stem cells replacement therapy is increasingly developed and is a prospective way for degenerative retinal diseases.But some formidable challenges for successfully grafting cells to the retina are waiting for further solving,such as migration,survival,and differentiation of the stem cells etc.Recent studies showed that retinal tissue engineering technique may be a good alternation to address all the problems mentioned above.The current advances in stem cell and tissue engineering retina researches,including selectable seed cells,appropriate scaffold materials and transferring method in vivo,are reviewed in this paper.

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP) is a common orbital disease.It is a nonspecific inflammatory process,and the etiology is still unknown.IOIP occurs at any position of orbit.The clinical manifestation varies according to the anatomic involvement and the degree of inflammation progress.IOIP can clinically mimic many other orbital diseases,especially serious type of this disease can present similar clinical characteristics as the malignant tumor,so it is comprehensive to make a clinical diagnosis.Currently,the diagnosis of IOIP is allowed based on the differentiation from an exclusion of other diseases by a thorough medical history and clinical manifestations,and then acquire some assistant information by radiologic evaluation and laboratory tests and observe the response to steroid treatment.The final diagnosis still requires histopathological examination.

Objective: To develop a stable modal of focal cerebral infarction in rats for study of neural stem cells transplantation. Methods: Forty-eight rats were assigned into four groups randomly (twelve rats in each group). Different operations were performed in each group: sham operation (group 1), ligation of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) (group 2), ligation of the left MCA and the ipsilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) (group 30), ligation of the left MCA and the ipsilateral CCA followed by the temporary clip occlusion of the contralateral CCA for 1.5 hours (group 4). The models was evaluated by neurological deficits, ink perfusion, TTC staining and MRI. Results: All rats were in good condition after the operation without mortality for 4 weeks. The neurological deficits showed significant difference by analysis of variance (F = 19.161, P < 0.01). No cerebral necrotic lesions showed in group 1 and group 2 by ink perfusion, TTC staining and MR imaging. Small and unstable necrosis (18 ± 10) mm3 was found in group 3. In group 4, the necrotic area was confined in the cortex, confirmed by ink perfusion and TTC staining. The areas of infarction were (85 ± 7) mm3 by MRI 4 weeks later which was different from that of group 3 (t = 15.545, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Ligation of the MCA and the ipsilateral CCA followed by the temporary clip occlusion of the contralateral CCA may create a stable model of focal cerebral infarction. Because of its homogeneity of infarction volume and site, and low mortality, it could be used for the study on transplantation of neural stem cells.

Nutrition support therapy plays an important role in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).This article reviews the hot topics and new ideas in nutrition support therapy for SAP in recent years.Damage of intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role in the progression of pancreatitis.Enteral nutrition can protect the function of intestinal mucosal barrier and early enteral nutrition can significantly reduce patients′mortality rate and incidence rate of complications.Nutrition support for SAP patients via a nasogastric tube has comparable safety and effect to the nutrition support via a nasojejunal tube.At present,there are no enough experience and clinical studies on semi -el-emental or elemental enteral nutrition preparations,and immune -enhancing enteral nutrition preparations and probiotics are not recommen-ded as conventional means.