Bayes Theorem ; Public Health ; Translational Medical Research

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness and safety of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral enucleative resection of the prostate (TUERP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 630 BPH patients with indication of surgery were randomly assigned to receive TURP (n = 305) and TUERP (n = 325), respectively. There were no significant differences preoperatively in age, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and Qmax between the two groups (P > 0.05). The prostate resection rate, operation time, postoperative complications, and quality of life (QOL) of the patients were recorded and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with TURP, TUERP showed a significantly higher rate of prostate resection ([47.0 +/- 13.3] vs [60.1 +/- 12.3]%, P < 0.05), shorter operation time ([57.9 +/- 15.9] vs [40.4 +/- 14.2] min, P < 0.05), and shorter bladder irrigation time ([2.7 +/- 0.6] vs [2.2 + 1.1] d, P < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the pre- and post-operative levels of serum sodium and hemoglobin in the TURP group ([141.2 +/- 3.5 ] vs [136.9 +/- 4.7] mmol/L, P < 0.01; [137.6 +/- 8.8] vs [124.8 +/- 9.6] g/L, P < 0.01), but not in the TUERP group. Three months after operation, IPSS, QOL, and Qmax were all markedly improved in both groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences between the two groups (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONTUERP is better than TURP in the treatment of BPH for its advantages of higher resection rate of the prostate, shorter operation time and bladder irrigation time, less intraoperative blood loss, fewer postoperative complications, and faster recovery.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adenoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnosis ; Thyroiditis ; diagnosis

Objective　Recombinant human pro-urokinase forms insoluble inclusion body when overexpressed in Escherichia coli. It must be denatured and renatured in vitro so that it can acquire activity. This study aimed at increasing the renaturation yield of denaturant pro-urokinase. Methods　We evaluated the basic renaturation conditions of pro-urokinase through qualitative and quantitative analysis of pH, temperature, denatured concentration, protein concentration, and the ratio of reduced and oxidized thiol reagents. We also compared the effects of nonspecific additives, step-wise dilution and urea gradient dialysis. Results　We defined the optimal conditions of pro-urokinase renaturation with a yield of about 20%-30%. Conclusion　Different recombinant denatured proteins have different renaturation conditions due to their different molecular sizes, molecular constructions, disulfide bond numbers, and hydrophobicity. The renaturation yield can be increased by optimizing the renaturation conditions of a specific protein.

The extracting technology of salidroside, tyrosol, crenulatin and gallic acid from Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma was optimized. With extraction rate of salidroside, tyrosol, crenulatin and gallic acid as indexes, orthogonal test was used to evaluate effect of 4 factors on extracting technology, including concentration of solvent, the dosage of solvent, duration of extraction, and frequency of extraction. The results showed that, the best extracting technology was to extract in 70% alcohol with 8 times the weight of herbal medicine for 2 times, with 3 hours once. High extraction rate of salidroside, tyrosol, crenulatin and gallic acid were obtained with the present technology. The extracting technology was stable and feasible with high extraction rate of four compounds from Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma, it was suitable for industrial production.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Coumarins ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Gallic Acid ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; Phenols ; isolation & purification ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

Objective To analyze the status of reference intervals (RIs) of complete blood cell count (CBC) in China and compare them with the published standards.Methods The RIs information of CBC (containing the items of WBC,RBC,Hb,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC and PLT) were collected by the External Quality Assessment (EQA)software from laboratories participated in the Second Complete Blood Cell Count EQA Program in 2013,which including the sources of RIs,the lower and upper limits of RIs and the validation information of RIs.The sources and validation information of RIs were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007 using all data except those from maternal and child care service center,children's hospital and corporations.The outliers of limits of RIs were excluded according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry(IFCC)guidelines,then data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.The mean of the upper and lower limits of the RIs were compared with the published standards by the t-test.Results Totally 299 (57.72％) of 518 laboratories reported were using RIs according to National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules,while 112(26.62％)labs were using RIs from instrument/reagent manufacturer instructions,411 (80.00％)labs did not validate the RIs they used,of which 258 (50.00％) did not know how to validate RIs.The deviation of the maximum and the minimum ranged from 16％ to 70％.More than one third laboratories did not separate RIs of RBC,Hb and HCT according to the gender.The upper and lower limits of WBC and MCV of most laboratories were higher,while those of RBC(male/female),PLT and Hb(male) were lower than that from the published standard.The RIs of MCH was narrower than that from the published standard.Meanwhile,HCT,MCHC (male/female) and Hb (female) were near the upper and lower limits of published standards.Conclusions At present,the RIs of CBC used in laboratories is chaotic,which is significantly different from the published standard.On the basis of standardization,the RIs of published standard result from a multi-center study in Chinese people should be preferred.

Objectives To study the value of CT and MRI in diagnosing focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 16 patients with FNH confirmed histopathologically were analyzed retrospectively.Both plain and dynamic enhanced CT scannings were performed in all the patients.Plain and dynamic enhanced MRI were carried out in 9 patients.Results (1) There were 16 patients with 19 lesions,and 8 lesions were in the left lobe,5 lesions in the right lobe,4 lesions between the left/right lobes and 2 lesions in the caudate lobe.The morphology of the lesions showed 15 lesions to have clear boundaries and 4 lesions to have fuzzy boundaries.The tumor diameters varied from 2.2 to 9.6 cm,(average 4.3 cm).(2) Sixteen patients underwent CT examination.On plain CT,the lesions were isotonic (n＝ 5),or slightly low-density (n=11).In 7 lesions,there was a slit-like,stellate-shaped low density central scar.Nine patients underwent MRI examination.On T2WI,6 lesions showed slightly higher signal while the remaining 3 lesions showed iso-signal.On T1WI,4 lesions showed slightly lower signal,3 lesions showed iso-signal and 2 lesions showed slightly higher signal while in 1 lesion the local signal showed reduction in anti-phase 1.A central scar was seen in 6 lesions which showed high signal on T2WI,and low signal on T1WI.(3) Enhanced CT: 15 lesions were significantly enhanced and 1 lesion showed mild enhancement at the arterial phase.For the patients with mild enhancement,the scar in the center of the lesion showed no enhancement.In all lesions,the central scar did not enhance.In 5 lesions,enhancements of thickened and torturous arteries were seen.In all the lesions with enhancement,the enhancement was reduced at the portal venous phase,with 12 lesions showing slightly higher density,3 lesions isodensity and 1 lesion low-density.Three lesions showed mild enhancement of the central scar.All the substantial parts of the lesions with enhancement declined at the delay phase,with 3 lesions showing slightly higher density,9 lesions of isodensity and 4 lesions slightly low density.In 7 lesions with central scar delayed enhancement,they showed slightly higher density.Nine patients underwent MRI enhancement and the enhancement characteristics were similar to CT,but the arterial phase magnitude was higher than that of CT.In 4 lesions,the central scar began to enhance at the portal venous phase,while 6 lesions continued to enhance,thus showing slightly higher signal at the delay phase.In a large lesion,there was persistent delayed enhancement in the capsule.(4) On DWI,6 lesions showed inhomogeneous,slightly hyperintensity with the center showing a slit-like low signal area.Three lesions showed iso-signal.The ADC values of the lesions were (1.31±0.08)× 10-3 mm2/s,and the normal liver parenchyma were (1.22± 0.14)× 10-3 mm2/s,(difference not statistically significant).Conclusions CT and MRI using plain and dynamic enhanced scans could show fully and accurately the pathological features and the characteristics of blood supply of FNH.The characteristic signs on both CT and MRI make an accurate diagnosis of FNH.MRI when compared with CT was slightly better.A combined use of both CT and MRI has an important value in the diagnosis of FNH.

Objective To discuss the frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage and its diag- nosis.Methods The clinical materials of 79 cases of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage were analyzed.Results 56% of the hemorrhage was caused by arterial-venous malformation.48% of the hemorrhage was caused by occult AVM.Conclusion AVM is the most frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage.CTA plays a special role in its diagnosis.

To examine the effects of heterologous expression of ZrGPD1 (encoding glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ) cloned from osmotolerant yeast Zygosacharomyces rouxii on glycerol production in wild Pichia farinosa,the URA3 gene was amplified from P. farinosa as the homology integrative region. A recombinant plasmid (pUR-ZG) was constructed then transformed into P. farinosa by electroporation. The transformant pfa-gu was obtained by the selectable marker Zeocin TM . Primary results showed that the biomass of pfa-gu was higher than the wild type in the flask and after 72h fermentation the concentration of glycerol of pfa-gu was 37g/L enhanced 30% in comparison with the wild type. It is concluded that heterologous expression of ZrGPD1 is useful for increasing glycerol production and the ability of osmoregulation in P. farinosa.

To develop a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials, the column was Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 (3.0 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 µm), and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (containing 0.2% formic acid) (95:5) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL · min(-1). The multiple reaction ion monitoring (MRM) with an ESI interface in the negative ion mode was selected. The results showed that the linear ranges of five kinds of ginkgolic acids were in the range of 0.2-36.0 µg · L(-1) (r ≥ 0.999 5). The lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) of ginkgo acid C13: 0, C15:1, C17:2, C15:0 and C17:1 were 0.18, 0.18, 0.21, 0.10 and 0.20 µg · L(-1), respectively. The average recovery was between 73.28% and 87.56%, and the average content of total ginkgolic acids in three batches of samples was in the range of 0.023-0.028 µg · g(-1), which was much lower than 2 µg · g(-1) prescribed in drug registration standards. This method is simple and rapid with high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.
Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; Injections ; Limit of Detection ; Salicylates ; analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods