OBJECTIVETo analyze the role of Caspase 3 in neuronal apoptosis after acute brain injury.

METHODSExperiments were carried out with rat diffuse brain trauma model. The neuronal DNA injury in cortex and hippocampus was observed by TUNEL stain. The mRNA and protein expressions and enzyme activation of Caspase 3 were observed by Northern blot, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry stain and Western blot, respectively. Special Caspase 3 enzyme inhibitor was used to observe the therapeutic effect.

RESULTSTUNEL positive neurons appeared 2 hours after severe trauma, peaked at 1 day and lasted for 7 days. Northern blot showed that the Caspase 3 mRNA expression was increased and peaked at 1 day, about twice higher than the control. In the area of cortex and hippocampus, positive mRNA staining neurons appeared most distinct on one day. With the antibody for Caspase 3 P20 subunit, the active Caspase 3 expression peaked at 1-3 days. The electrophoresis band of PARP degradation would be seen by Western blot. Caspase 3 enzyme inhibitor could reduce apoptotic neuronal death without any effect on Caspase 3 P20 subunit expression.

CONCLUSIONSAfter brain trauma, Caspase 3 mRNA and protein expressions and enzyme activation are enhanced in combination with neuronal apoptosis. Special Caspase 3 enzyme inhibitor can apparently decrease the neuronal apoptosis.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Brain Injuries ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; enzymology ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

· AIM: To inspect and compare the functional vision of an aspheric intraocular lens (Tecnis) with those of conventional monofocal silicone and acrylic intraocular lens and multifocal intraocular lens (Array).· METHODS: The IOLs were tested in the eye model, which was designed to be optically equivalent to the theoretical eye model. The eye model is a combination of a spherical photographic lens with 35mm focal length ( IOL put in a water cell)and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The images constructed by the lenses are observed on a monitor of personal computer and the contrasts of the images are analyzed by using commercial image processing software.· RESULTS: The modulation transfer function of the eye model equals the scale produced by the theoretical eye model. The images constructed by changing the diameter of aperture stop and IOL.· CONCLUSION: The proposed eye model is useful for testing functional vision and for inspecting differences of intraocular lens.

Backcground:Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 3 (ASB3) is a member of ASB family and contains ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain.Previous studies indicated that it mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and is likely involved in inflammatory responses.However,its effects on oncogenesis are unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of ASB3 on the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:We used next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing to detect ASB3 mutations in CRC specimens or cell lines,and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting,and immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence assay to determine gene expression.We evaluated cell proliferation by MTT and colony formation assays,tested cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry,and assessed cell migration and invasion by transwell and wound healing assays.We also performed nude mouse experiments to evaluate tumorigenicity and hepatic metastasis potential of tumor cells.Results:We found that ASB3 gene was frequently mutated (5.3％) and down-regulated (70.4％) in CRC cases.Knockdown of endogenous ASB3 expression promoted CRC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and facilitated tumorigenicity and hepatic metastasis in vivo.Conversely,the ectopic overexpression of wild-type ASB3,but not that of ASB3 mutants that occurred in clinical CRC tissues,inhibited tumor growth and metastasis.Further analysis showed that ASB3 inhibited CRC metastasis likely by retarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition,which was characterized by the up-regulation of β-catenin and E-cadherin and the down-regulation of transcription factor 8,N-cadherin,and vimentin.Conclusion:ASB3 dysfunction resulted from gene mutations or down-regulated expression frequently exists in CRC and likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total joint arthroplasty.Methods 40 cases of proximal DVT were collected from May 2007 to October 2016 which were all diagnosed by lower limb venography or sonography.There were 9 males and 31 females aged from 38 to 86 years,average 67 years,and body mass index was from 16.94 to 31.25kg/m2,with an average of 24.3 kg/m2.29 cases of THA patients and 11 cases of TKA patients.The anatomical distribution,size,radiological performance,local physical findings were recorded and multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between distribution of proximal DVT and related parameters including age,gender (male/female),side of leg(left/right),surgery type(knee and hip),preoperative diagnosis(femoral neck fracture/other disease),time of diagnosis with DVT (during hospitalization/after discharge).Results Among 40 proximal DVT cases,31 cases diagnosed by phlebography and 9 cases were diagnosed by ultrasound.2 cases were isolated proximal DVT while 38 cases connected with distal DVTs.9 cases of blood clots in the proximal and distal thrombosis connected discontinuously.There was no isolated proximal DVT in TKA group and 10 cases (90.9％) of blood clots in the proximal and distal thrombosis connected continuously while there were 2 cases (6.9％) isolated proximal DVTs in THA group and 21 (77.8％) of blood clots in the proximal and distal thrombosis connected discontinuously,and there was no statistic significant difference between the two groups.The average length of proximal was 8.85±9.3 1cm (range from 2-35cm) with 5.0±2.05 cm in TKA group and 10.31 ± 10.55 cmin THA group.A significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P=0.014).13 cases located in femoral veins and upper venous region which were all from THA group.There was a significant difference in the distribution between surgery type and preoperative diagnosis.However,there was no significant difference between other potential factors and distribution of proximal DVT.25 cases accepted the evaluation of symptom of DVT before scanning.However,no significant difference were found in edema,VAS score,Homans sign,Neuof sign between 9 TKA and 16 THA cases.Conclusion Proximal DVTs after knee and hip arthroplasty are more preferred to connect with distal DVT continuously.Surgery type and preoperative diagnosis have a significant effect on the distribution of proximal DVT.Proximal DVTs in THA and patients with preoperative femoral neck fracture could be more easily involving femoral veins and upper parts.

The ligators we have developed is a kind of economical and effective six-ring ligator. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was performed to treat bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis using self-made ligator and foreign multiple ligator. There are similar effects with both self-made ligator and foreign mutiple ligator in the control of variceal bleeding, variceal obliteration and rebleeding (93.8%, 87.5%, 0 in the group with self-made ligator, 94.5%, 87.1%, 2.4% in the group with foreign multiple ligator, P>0.05). In terms of the quality index, successful operation rate, hemastatic rate, variceal obliteration rate, rebleeding rate, complications and variceal recurrence rate, the self-made ligator is as good as the foreign multiple ligator, but much cheaper.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Endoscopes ; Equipment Design ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Ligation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the effectiveness of hamstring tendon graft embedding reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the patella.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to June 2013,67 patients with recurrent dislocation of patella were treated, including 28 males, 39 females with an average age of 22 years ranging from 10 to 42 years old. The clinical manifestations involved knee joint instability,"giving way", sense of patellar dislocation, anterior knee pain. All 67 patients underwent arthroscopic hamstring tendon graft embedding reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. The curative effect were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative Lysholm score and Q angle changes.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up after operation and the mean follow-up time was(27.5±13.4) months(4 to 69 months). Postoperative incision were healed well and no patellar dislocation or subluxation occurred. Lysholm score improved from preoperative 76.35±2.86 to 82.71±2.29 postoperatively; Q angle decreased from preoperative (18.75±2.33)° to postoperative(13.28±1.75)°.

CONCLUSIONThe method for the reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament can provide enough tension, patellar stability.imoroving the function of knee ioint.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; surgery ; Patellar Ligament ; surgery ; Patellofemoral Joint ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recurrence ; Tendons ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence and characteristics of chronic headache in children and adolescents in Shanghai and to collect messages concerning the impact and compliance of medication for migraine.

METHODSA population-based questionnaire study was conducted among subjects 6 - 15 years of age sampled from primary and junior high schools in Shanghai and the subjects were followed up.

RESULTS(1) The prevalence: 8701 (88.6%) out of 9857 pupils responded to the questionnaire; 17% of the respondents had headache and in 86.4% of them the reason of headache was unknown. The prevalence of chronic headache in Shanghai children and adolescents was 7.8%, there was no significant difference between both genders (chi(2) = 0.010, P > 0.05). (2) The prevalence of chronic headache increased with age, the incidence was higher in boys before 12 years of age, while higher in girls after 12 years of age. (3) Characteristics of chronic headache: the proportion of unilateral, bilateral and headache of unknown site was similar; in most of the cases headache was localized in the temple (35.2%) and forehead region (25.6%), the duration of headache was short, always accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Half of the patients reported that the headache had affected their study and daily life. (4) The status of using health care facilities: 24% of the students sought medical assistance during their headache episodes and among them only 30.9% took medicine. (5) Over-fatigue (51.4%), followed by insufficient sleep (40.4%), emotional changes (38.5%) were the main aggravating factors. The headache was also associated with positive family history and stress in studying.

CONCLUSIONSHeadache is a common complaints of children, affecting the patients' study and daily life. But many patients with headache were not treated properly, therefore, the medical and educational sectors and the society should pay more attention to this problem.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Headache Disorders ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore causes of gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain and curative effect of arthroscopic release.

METHODSFrom March 2002 to August 2013,36 patients with gluteal muscle contracture induced anterior knee pain were treated, including 15 males, 21 females, aged from 9 to 40 years old with an average (18.7±7.2) years old; the courses of diseases ranged from 4 to 30 years. The clinical manifestations involved limited to symmelia, positive Ober sign, buttocks touch contracture belts, knee and patella slide to lateral when doing squat activities. All patients were performed gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopic. Postoperative complications were observed, Kujala scoring before and after operation was used for compare curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 29 months. The incision were healed well, and no complications were occurred. Postoperative Kujala score were improved more than preoperative.

CONCLUSIONGluteal muscle contracture release could alleviate hypertension of lateral patella, and palys an important role in preventing patellofemoral arthritis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Buttocks ; Child ; Contracture ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Pain ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopic repair method of meniscus injury with Fast-fix under local anesthesia.

METHODSFrom October 2005 to September 2012,106 patients with meniscus injuries admitted into our - hospital were studied, including 74 males and 32 females, ranging in age from 13 to 71 years old, averaged 27.6 years old. The duration of the disease ranged from 15 days to 5 years. The main clinical manifestations included knee joint pain after exercise, joint locking, pressing pain of knee joint and positive McMurray signs. The MRI showed meniscus tear or degeneration. Arthroscopic repairing surgeries were performed with Fast-fix under local anesthesia. Each patient was assessed with VAS pain evaluation and Lysholm knee-joint score system before and after operation. All the patients were followed up more than 1 year.

RESULTSOne hundred and 2 patients were followed up by recording subjective symptoms, clinical examinations and questions naires for an average of 2.6 years (ranged, 1.1 to 8 years), and 4 patients lost follow-up. All the 102 patients had no anesthetic complications. Ninety-six patients had normal subjective symptom and clinical examinations. Four patients had a mild ache with activities,2 patients had moderate pain after activities with joint space pressing pain. VAS pain evaluation and Lysholm knee-joint score after operation both were much better than that before operation.

CONCLUSIONonclusion: Local anesthesia can provide nice circumstances for surgeries. Arthroscopic repair using Fast-fix is an idea method for meniscus injury, especially for the posterior horn tear of medial meniscus, which is simple and convenient with less complications, and satisfactory results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, Local ; methods ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; Visual Analog Scale ; Young Adult

The study is aimed to ensure the quality and safety of medicinal plants by using ITS2 DNA barcode technology to identify Corydalis boweri, Meconopsis horridula and their close related species. The DNA of 13 herb samples including C. boweri and M. horridula from Lhasa of Tibet was extracted, ITS PCR were amplified and sequenced. Both assembled and web downloaded 71 ITS2 sequences were removed of 5. 8S and 28S. Multiple sequence alignment was completed and the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated by MEGA 5.0, while the neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed. We also predicted the ITS2 secondary structure of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species. The results showed that ITS2 as DNA barcode was able to identify C. boweri, M. horridula as well as well as their close related species effectively. The established based on ITS2 barcode method provides the regular and safe detection technology for identification of C. boweri, M. horridula and their close related species, adulterants and counterfeits, in order to ensure their quality control, safe medication, reasonable development and utilization.
Base Sequence ; China ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics