Objective To study the effects of subsrachnoid implantation of APA microcapsules-filled with bovine chromaffin cells (BCCs) on expression of mRNA for ?2 and ?2 subunits of GABAA receptor in spinal cord in rats with chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and to determine if GABAA receptor is involved in the mechanisms of analgesia produced by subarachnoid implantation of micro-capsulized BCCs. Methods Twenty SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 animals in each group : (Ⅰ) control group (group C); (Ⅱ) CCI group in which right sciatic nerve was loosely ligated; (Ⅲ) APA group in which 500-600 empty APA micro-capsules were implanted in subarachnoid space and (Ⅳ) APA-BCC group in which 5?106 APA micro-capsules filled with BCCs were implanted in subarachnoid space. In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ subarachnoid implantation was performed at L1-3 level 7 days after CCI operation. Pain threshold to mechanical stimulation with Von-Frey filament and thermal stimulation with CO2 laser was measured before and 7 days after implantation. Expression of mRNA for GABAA receptor ?2 and ?2 subunit in spinal cord was measured by RT-PCR.Results The expression of mRNA for GABAA receptor ?2 and ?2 subunit in spinal cord was significantly lower in CCI and APA groups (group Ⅱ and Ⅲ) than that in control group (group Ⅰ). In APA-BCC group (group Ⅳ) pain threshold of surgical side to mechanical and thermal stimuli and the expression of mRNA for GABAA receptor ?2 and ?2 subunit in spinal cord were significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . Conclusion The expression of mRNA for GABAA receptor?2 and ?2 subunit in spinal cord is down-regulated by CCI and subarachnoid implantation of micro-capsulized BCCs can reverse the down-regulation. Recovery of GABAA-nergic neuron activity contributes to the analgesic effect of aubarachnoid implantation of micro-capsalized BCCs.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

AIM To invesigate the effect of subarachnoid transplantation of APA microcapsulized bovine chromaffin cells (BCCs) on mRNA expression for Nav1.8 in the dorsal root ganglia neurons(DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain by means of in situ hybridization. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of five. Normal rats were used as control group (group C). Rats with right sciatic nerve been ligated were used as CCI group. Five to six hundred empty APA microcapsules(group APA) or 5?10 6 APA microcapsulized BCCs (group APA-BCCs) were grated into subarachnoid space of CCI rats 7 days after operation. Allodynia and hyperalgesia were measured by Von-Frey filaments and CO 2 laser 7 days after transplantation. DRG in lumbar four and five was taken out and 15 ?m freezing sections were made 7 days after tansplantation. Sections was used to detect mRNA expression for TTX-resistent Na + Nav1.8 by in situ hybridization with Dig-labeled RNA probe. RESULTS The mRNA hybridization signal for Nav1.8 in DRG of group CCI and group APA was lower than that of group C. The expression of mRNA for Nav1.8 in DRG was higher in group APA-BCCs than that in group CCI and group APA with abatement of allodynia and hyperalgesia. There was no difference in the mRNA hybridization signal for Nav1.8 in DRG between group APA-BCCs and group C. CONCLUSION mRNA expression for Nav1.8 in DRG of CCI ratswas down-regulated. APA microcapsulized BCCs grafting can reverse the down-regulation of mRNA expression for Nav1.8 in DRG of CCI rats. Restoration of mRNA expression for Nav1.8 in DRG contributes to the analgesic effect of subarachnoid transplantation of APA microcapsulized BCCs.

BacKground:The deveIopment of acute pancreatitis( AP ) is often accompanied by pancreatic microcircuIation disturbance and aIterations in bIood coaguIation and fibrinoIytic systems, which resuIts in abnormaIities of pIateIet parameters. Aims:To investigate the changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy AP patients and the effect of uIinastatin ( UTI)on pIateIet parameters and disease status. Methods:Two hundred and seventeen eIderIy AP patients(≥60 years) were enroIIed retrospectiveIy from Aug. 2009 to Dec. 2013 at the First AffiIiated HospitaI of Nanjing MedicaI University. According to the severity of the disease,patients were divided into three groups:miId AP( MAP),moderateIy severe AP ( MSAP),and severe AP( SAP). The pIateIet parameters,incIuding PLT,MPV and PDW before and after treatment,as weII as the differences in pIateIet parameters and cIinicaI efficacy between conventionaI therapy and UTI therapy were compared and anaIyzed. Results:In MSAP and SAP groups,PLT at admission was significantIy Iower(P<0. 01),whiIe MPV and PDW were significantIy higher(P<0. 05)than those in MAP group. After 1-week treatment,PLT increased significantIy(P<0. 01)and MPV and PDW decreased significantIy(P<0. 05)in MSAP and SAP groups. UTI therapy was superior to conventionaI therapy in increasing PLT( P <0. 01 ),decreasing MPV and PDW( P <0. 01 ),and improving the overaII efficacy in MSAP and SAP groups( MSAP:92. 3% vs. 81. 2%,P <0. 01;SAP:90. 0% vs. 80. 8%,P<0. 01). Conclusions:Changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy MSAP and SAP patients are different from those in MAP patients,which might refIect the disease severity. UTI is effective in reducing the activity of pIateIet and can be used in the treatment and prevention of disease progression in eIderIy AP patients.

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the quinoline derivative PQ1 combined with cisplatin on the proliferation and gap junction communication of prostate cancer PC3 cells.

METHODSWe cultured in vitro prostate cancer PC3 cells and divided them into DMSO blank control, cisplatin control, and cisplatin (10 mg/ml) plus PQ1 (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 μmol/L) groups. We measured the proliferation of the prostate cancer PC3 cells, determined the expressions of the connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot, and compared the indexes among different groups.

RESULTSCisplatin combined with PQl at 1 - 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of the PC3 cells and the inhibition rate rose in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, from (48.72 ± 0.98)% vs (50.33 ± 0.62)% at 0 μmol/L to (77.38 ± 1.12)% vs (83.50 ± 1.05)% at 15 μmol/L at 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.05). Compared with the cisplatin control, cisplatin combined with PQ1 at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 μmol/L increased the expression of Cx43 mRNA from 0.379 ± 0.113 to 0.669 ± 0.031, 0.831 ± 0. 127, 0.769 ± 0.100, 0.532 ± 0.086, and 0.475 ± 0.134, respectively (P < 0.05), and cisplatin combined with PQ1 at 1, 2, 5, and 10 μmol/L elevated that of Cx43 protein from 0.138 ± 0.146 to 0.263 ± 0.111, 0.306 ± 0.152, 0.415 ± 0.280, and 0.643 ± 0.310, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe quinoline derivative PQ1 can promote the gap junction communication of prostate cancer PC3 cells and enhance the killing effect of cisplatin on PC3 cells by upregulating the expressions of Cx43 mRNA and protein.

Aminoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Connexin 43 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gap Junctions ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Time Factors

Plant samples were collected and investigated periodically. According to the growth of different parts and the characteristics of dry substance accumulation of Scrophularia ningpoensis, the development of S. ningpoensis could be divided into four stages: seeding stage, stem and leaf growth stage, expanding period of root tubers, and dry substance accumulation stage of root tuber. Leaf numbers of S. ningpoensis grew gradually from one at first to 370 at the final stage, main stem leaf were 50 pieces. Leaf size increasesed with the fastest growth at the stem and leaf growth stage, average daily increase amount was 225 cm2. By the middle of August, leaf size reached to 16,270 cm2. Leaf area indexrose sharply in the seeding stage, and remained above 8 among stem and leaf growth stage and expanding period of root tubers, and rapidly reduced to zero in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Leaf area ratio has a tendency of obvious dropping. The net assimilation rate had a small change ranges, two small peak were seeding stage and dry substance accumulation of root tuber. The value of specific leaf area was higher in seeding stage, and in the earlier stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Relative growth rate changed with large ranges, higher in seeding stage, rapid decrease in stem and leaf growth stage, rose in expanding period of root tubers, and declined again in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Crop growth rate was higher in the first and last stages, and smaller in interim stage. The growth parameters of S. ningpoensis such as relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, crop growth rate changed along with the growth. The rule of dry matter accumulation was as follows: the dry matter increased slowly during the seeding stage and speeded up in the middle and late stages, and in dry substance accumulation of root tuber increased slower, the growth of dry matter all appeared an "S" curve, and accorded with logistic equation. Cultivation technologies of S. ningpoensis and the relevant management methods could be established according to the growth of different parts of S. ningpoensis and the characteristics of dry substance accumulation in different stage.
China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; growth & development ; Scrophularia ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months.

RESULTSOperative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate.

CONCLUSIONAdvanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia nonunion.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objectives To investigate the expression and diagnostic value of 14-3-3 protein in brains of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(sCJD).Methods 14-3-3 protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in tissue from the frontal lobe of 5 patients with sCJD and 4 non-CJD eases Using 14-3-3 ?and ?antibodies with reference to the results of KB,GFAP and PrP detection.Results The expressions of 14-3-3 protein in five brains of sCJD were more obviously,mostly in gray matters and astrocytes in three cases.The concentration was related to PrP deposition type,but not related to prion protein genotype.Except few expression of 14-3-3 protein in neurous of two cases of acute contusion,there were no expression in the other two cases in control group.Conclusions The expression of 14-3-3 protein in brain is useful to pathological diagnosis of CJD.

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) over expres?sion in the hippocampus on the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of total flavoids from Xiaobuxin Tang (XBXT-2). METHODS Adeno-associated virus containing GSK3β(S9A) mutation was microinjected into the hippocampus. After three weeks of recovery, GSK3βand p-GSK3βwere detected by Western blotting, and open field test (OFT) was used to evaluate the locomotor activity. Then, AAV group and GSK3β over expression group were divided into administration group and solvent group, respectively. XBXT-2 (100 mg · kg-1) and solvent were ig administered chronically. After 14 d and 16 d of administra?tion, the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3βover expression on the antidepressant effect of XBXT-2, respectively. After 18 d and 20 d of administration, the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and staircase test (ST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3β over expression on the anxiolytic effects of XBXT-2, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting analysis showed that the protein level of GSK3βincreased significantly in GSK3βover expression group (P<0.01) compared with AAV group, but there was no significant difference in p-GSK3β. In OFT, the number of crossings and rearings showed no difference between AAV group and GSK3β over expression group. The results of TST and FST showed that compared with AAV group, the immobility time was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but compared with GSK3β over expression group, the immobility time showed no difference in GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group. In EPMT, compared with AAV group, the percentage of entrances and time into open arms in AAV+XBXT-2 group was significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), but compared with GSK3βover expression group, these indexes showed no difference in GSK3βover expression+XBXT-2 group. In ST, compared with AAV group, the number of rearings was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group and GSK3βover expression group. CONCLUSION GSK3βover expression in the hippocampus can reverse the antidepressant effects of XBXT-2 in the TST and FST, and the anxiolytic effects in the EPM and ST.