In constructing the system of medical functional teaching and enhancing the quality and ability of students,we adjust the content and method of teaching in practice,and try to find students'problems in study through questionnaire survey and promote teaching reform and disciplines construction.

Objective To investigate the effect of Dectin-1 on the release of inflammatory factors interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat tracheal epithelial cells (RTECs) stimulated with heat-treated Candida glabrata (C.glabrata).Methods RTECs cultivated in vitro were randomly divided into three groups,including control group(RTECs + sterile normal saline),fungal stimulation group(RTECs + heat-treated C.glabrata),and inhibitor intervention group(RTECs + laminarin + heat-treated C.glabrata),cells were harvested after incubation for 0,2,4,6 hours respectively,cell survival rate was determined by MTT method,expression of Dectin-1 was analyzed by Western Blot,expression of IL-10 and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Heat-treated C.glabrata destroyed cell structure and reduced cell survival rate.At the beginning of the culture (0 h),cell survival rate,expressions of Dectin-1,IL-10 and TNF-α among three groups were all not significantly different(all P＞0.05).After incubation for 2,4,6 hours,expressions of Dectin-1,IL-10 and TNF-α in fungal stimulation group and inhibitor intervention group were both significantly higher than control group;expressions of Dectin-1,IL-10,and TNF-α in inhibitor intervention group was lower than fungal stimulation group(all P＜0.05).The expressions of IL-10 in inhibitor intervention group at 0 h and 2 h was not significantly different,expressions of Dectin-1,IL-10,and TNF-α in fungal stimulation group and inhibitor intervention group at different incubation periods were significantly different(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Dectin-1 is an important receptor for RTECs to recognize the heat-treated C.glabrata,it induces the release of IL-10 and TNF-α,and mediate the occurrence of inflammation.

T, p.R394W in exon 9.

Objective Analysis of the expression of CD38,CD133 antigen and their clinical significance in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Methods CD38 and CD133 antigen were analyzed by flow cytometry in 31 cases of MDS patients.Results CD38 was expressed in 18 cases (58.1% ),among them,12 cases were found to be myelodysplastic syndrome refractoryanermia ( MDS-RA ),accounting for 57.1%,6 cases were found to be MDS-RAEB,accounting for 66.7%.CD133 was expressed in 20 cases(64.5% ) ,among them,11 cases were found to be MDS-RA ( 52.4% ),1 case MDS-RAS,and 8 cases of MDS-RAEB,accounting for 88.9% .CD38 expressed significantly higher in MDS than anemia and relatively normal group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CD133 expression in anemia groups was different from MDS-RA without statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but was significantly different from relatively normal group (P ＜0.05).CD133 expression was significantly higher in these with MDS-RAEB than those in anemia and normal group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Combining with conventional antibodies,flow cytometry used in detection of CD38 ,CD133 ,could improve the diagnostic rate of MDS.

This paper reported a new type of amylase (neoamylase) secreted by a Bacillus strain ZX99. The enzyme was a kind of ectoenzyme that could catalyze starch into isomalto-oligosaccharide effectively, but could not act on pullulan as substrate. The strain Bacillus ZX99 was mutated by ultraviolet ray and a mutant strain BS3.232 was screened. The activity of the neoamylase produced from BS3.232 increased by 60% over that from ZX99 under the same conditions. The results of thin-layer chromatography of products from starch and pullulan catalyzed by the enzyme demonstrated that the enzyme was different from neopullulanase and can be used to produce isomaltooligosaccharide from starch, including isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, isomaltotetose.

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of cisplatin(DDP)by which HeLa cell growth and proliferation are inhibited. METHODS Cultured HeLa cells were treated with DDP 0.02-75 μmol · L-1 for 24 or 48 h. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cell proliferation. The wound scratch assay was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle arresting. q-PCR was used to test the expression of metastasis suppressor gene 1 (MTSS1)mRNA. Western blot was used to determine protein levels of MTSS1,phosphorylated-extra?cellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK) and phosphorylated-serine-threonine kinase(p-AKT). RESULTS Following the treatment with DDP for 24 or 48 h,the proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited significantly (P<0.05),the value of the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cells was 4.14 and 11.82 μmol · L-1. Migration and invasion activity of HeLa cells were reduced according to the wound scratch assay(P<0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that the cell cycle was arrested at S phase. q-PCR results showed that MTSS1 mRNA expression changed with DDP in a concentration-dependent manner (r24 h=-0.965,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.953,P<0.01). Western blot showed that the protein levels of MTSS1,p-ERK and p-AKT expression declined significantly with the increase in DDP concentrations(p-ERK:r24 h=-0.875,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.966,P<0.01. p-AKT:r24 h=-0.831,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.863,P<0.01. MTSS1:r24 h=-0.969,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.988,P<0.01). CONCLUSION DDP treatment inhibits HeLa growth and proliferation by interfering with the MTSS1 expression and disturbing the activation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hypoxic-ischemic time on reduction of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by sevoflurane postconditioning in neonatal rats.Methods Two hundred and ten 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (105 male,105 female),weighing 13-17 g,were randomly divided into 7groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),hypoxia-ischemia group (group HI),and sevoflurane postconditioning at different hypoxic-ischemic time point groups (P0,P3,P6,P 12 and P24 groups).Immediately after ligation of the left common carotid artery,and at 3,6,12 and 24 h after ligation,the rats inhaled the mixed gas containing 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min in P0,P3,P6,P13 and P24 groups,respectively.The fatality was recorded within 7 days after establishment of the model.At 7 days after establishment of the model,the rats were sacrificed,the brains were removed,and the right and left cerebral hemispheres were weighed separately,and the left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio was calculated.The hippocampal CA1 region and posterior cingulate gyrus were isolated,and the ratio of density of normal neurons in the left to the right was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal neurons were significantly decreased,and the fatality rate was increased in the other six groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group HI,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal ncurons were significantly increased in P0,P3 and P6 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in P12 and P24 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group P6,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal neurons were significantly increased in P0 and P3 groups (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group P0 and group P3 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning performed within 6 h of hypoxia-ischemia can reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and it provides no cerebral protection if exceeding 12 h.

Objective To explore the effects of co‐cultured heat‐treated candida glabrata with rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells on the expression of Dectin‐1 and the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α.Methods RTE cells in vitro were co‐cultured with heat‐treated candida glabrata bacteria liquid for 2 ,4 ,6 h ,while without co‐cultured RTE cells were used as control group .We observed the morphological changes of RTE cells ,detected the protein expressions of Dectin‐1 by Western blot ,used real‐time PCR to detecte the mRNA expressions of IL‐6 and TNF‐αand measured protein expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐αby ELISA .Results With the pass‐ing of time ,the RTE cells were damaged extensively and the expression of Dectin‐1 ,IL‐6 and TNF‐αbecame more and more signifi‐cant .Obviously ,there had significant difference in the expression of Dectin‐1 ,IL‐6 and TNF‐α between the co‐cultured 2 h group and the control group ,the co‐cultured 4 h group and the co‐cultured 2 h group ,the co‐cultured 6 h group and the co‐cultured 4 h group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion RTE cells have natural immune function .The Dectin‐1 involves in the recognition of heat‐treated Candida glabrata ,activating secretion of IL‐6 and TNF‐αand mediating inflammatory reaction .IL‐6 plays a negative regulation role .

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography on the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC),and to improve the diagnositic accuracy of ARVC by echocardiography.Methods According to the 2010 European Heart Association guideline,twenty-one patients with ARVC were diagnosed from September 2003 to June 2014.The patients were divided into four groups (confirmed,suspiciously diagnosis,miss diagonisis,misdiagnosis) and the echocardiographic features were retrospectively analyzed including the right ventricular (RV) movement,the diameter of RV outflow tract (RVOTd),fractional area change of RV (RVFAC),the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and peak pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).Results Of 21 patients,15 (71.4％) were confirmed by echocardiography,which had the typical ARVC echocardiographic features including the hypokinetic,akinetic or aneurysm of RV,dilation of RVOTd [mean RVOTd (40 ± 3)mm],and RV FAC＜33 ％ [mean (21 ± 7)％].TR were noticed in all the 15 patients but the PASP were normal [mean (27 ± 9)mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa].Three (14.3％) were suspiciously diagnosed which had the RV wall hypoakinetic,1 with pure RVOTd dilation and 2 with RV and RVOTd dilation,all 3 patients had mild TR,33％＜RVFAC ≤40％ and PASP were in normal range.Two patients had normal echocardiography which was miss diagnosed,one patient was misdiagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusions The different stages of ARVC patients had different echocardiographic features,the patients were easily diagnosed when the ARVC patients in RV failure stage.But for the early and late stage,the diagnosis should combine the clinical manifestation and other imaging facilities to avoid miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Objective To assess the diagnostic potential of circulating galactomannan (GM),(1,3)-β-D-glucan (BG), and a combination of both biomarkers among high-risk pediatric patients.Methods Circulating GM antigen was detected by ELISA kits (Platelia~(TM) Aspergillus) and BG antigen by a turbidimetric kinetic method (GKT-5M Set Kinetic Fungus Detection Kit).Positive tests were defined by two consecutive values of GM index ≥0.5 or by a single value ≥0.8, and by BG detection ≥ 10 pg/ml.Results A total of 130 patients were enrolled.Two was identified with proven IFI, twenty probable IFI.Sensitivity, specificity were 81.8%, 82.4% for plasma BG detection, respectively; 75.0%, 94.4% for GM detection, respectively; 50.0%, 96.3% for combined GM and BG detection, respectively.Conclusions Both circulating GM and BG detections are available for most of the common pathogens and demonstrated desirable sensitivity and specificity among pediatric high-risk population.Both assays can be used as prospective screening tools.Combination of detections of both biomarkers would improve specificity for IA diagnosis.