Objective Under the guidance of graduate education evaluation theory,to establish the comprehensive quality evaluation standard of medical graduate students and apply it in the research of the scholarship evaluation.Methods Byusing literature study,brainstorming,expert advice and other research methods,we established comprehensive quality assessment scale.In the work of graduate scholarship,the scale was used to carry out the evaluation work,and the application of the scale,the use value and the effect of moral evaluation were studied.Results A comprehensive quality assessment scale for medical graduate students,which included 4 dimensions of moral education,training process,scientific research and social activities was established so that the students' daily performance was quantified and evaluated,which,to a certain extent,eliminated the influence of the subjective judgment to the evaluation work,and had good guidance and practicality.Conclusion Establishing comprehensive quality quantitative evaluation mechanism of the graduate students and conducting the dynamic evaluation to graduates' moral education,their academic and social activities are conducive to stimulating the development of postgraduates' comprehensive quality and improving the quality of training.

Unicellular green alga,Dunaliella salina(D.salina),is a biflagellar alga without cell wall,which is a kind of very important eukaryotic microalga.In the previous study,the research of D.salina focus on the morphology,the mechanism of salt tolerance and ?-carotene,however,with the rapid development of microalgal biotechnology,a lot of work about D.salina was reported in recent years.In the area of molecular biology,the studies of D.salina mainly place emphasis on the cloning and analysis of important functional genes,regulatory sequences,and the expression of foreign genes using D.salina as host.The research advance in these aspects were reviewed.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium microemulsions in human. Methods: According to the crossover design, each volunteer was orally given diclofenac sodium microemulsion and diclofenac sodium tablet. The serum concentrations were determined by RP-HPLC with UV-detector. The concentration-time data were analyzed using 3P87 Pharmacokinetic Program and the pharmacokinetics parameters were compared by paired t-test. Results: It was found that diclofenac sodium in serum was linear within the range of 50-8 000 μg/L. The minimum detection concentration was 30 μg/L. The mean rate of recovery was (100.55±1.56)%. After a single oral dose, AUC0～∞ were 5.563，7.891 μg*h/ml, MRT 5.489， 5.387 h for dispersible diclofenac sodium microemulsion and tablet respectively. Conclusion: Absorption progress of diclofenac sodium microemulsion in human may be special.

Objective To explore the life style of the elderly in empty-nest family and need of community health service in shanggang community.Methods Using random sampling method, a group of 634 the aged more than 60 from empty-nest family in the community were investigated with questionnaires.Results In daily activities,40.9% of the elderly empty-nest took part in physical exercise,36.3% had hobbies.Really empty-nest group had rarely physical exercise and prepared staying alone.In community health service,about 82.65% ,72.82% ,55.21% of the aged empty-nest needed regular physical examination,health guidance and psychological counseling respectively.Conclusion Life style of the elderly in empty-nest family was reasonable,and empty-nest group,especially really empty-nest group had advanced demand about the community health service.Medical staff should often carry out physical exercise and psychological counseling,and also popularize common medical knowledge.Besides,regular physical examination and paying close attention to the healthy information of the elderly in empty-nest family was needed.

Objective To measure the levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies responding to various subtypes of HIV-1 strains in people with HIV-1 infection in Chongqing and to analyze their character-istics.Methods Two hundred and thirty-six plasma samples were collected from patients with chronic HIV-1 infection in Chongqing city.The single-round-infection assay in TZM-bl cells were performed to screen the plasma samples with cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against various subtypes of HIV-1 strains by using HIV-1 pseudovirus strains and to measure the 50%inhibitory dose ( ID50 ) .Results Eight-een out of 236 (7.63%) plasma samples were able to neutralize various B subtypes and/or C subtypes of HIV-1 pseudovirus strains, among which 15 plasma samples showed the great ability to neutralize pseudovir-us strains of different subtypes.Conclusion The cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against various sub-types of HIV-1 strains existed in plasma samples collected from people with chronic HIV-1 infection in Chongqing city.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of canal wall-down tympanoplasty(CWdT)on chronic otitis media and evaluate the effects of simultaneous auditory rehabilitation.Methods 13 cases on chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and/or granulation tissue were treated by CWdT,the effects were contrast with radi- cal mastoidectomy.Results After 6 months to 6 years of follow-up,all the cases by CWdT had dry ear without re- currence.The rate of hearing restoration and improvement was 84.6% from the cases.In same times,the rate of re- currence,hearing restoration and improvement was 52.6%,31.0% from the mastoidectomies.Conclusion The CWdT has advantage in indication,removal of lesions and the operation could be adjusted appropriately for simulta- neously auditory rehabilitation.

A two-step method for the purification of blocking-type anti-human CD80 monoclonal antibody 4E5 from mouse ascites was developed using anion exchange and gel filtration in combination. The ascites was first purified by anion exchange after centrifugation and filtration. The experimental parameters of sample loading and elution were optimized. The optimized loading condition was pH 8.0,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl and satisfactory results were obtained using a 0~0.5mol/L NaCl step elution. The fraction containing the protein of interest was directly loaded on gel filtration column and eluted using a 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.2. The purity of the obtained monoclonal antibody was up to 95% with a recovery of 61%. The purity of mAb could efficiently inhibit the growth of Daudi cells. The amplification of the method was also studied using a Bio-Scale Q5 column and the result was satisfied.

The human canstatin cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and then directionally cloned into pU? expression vector. The recombinant pU?-Can vector was connected with the screening marker (bar box), to construct a eukaryotic expression vector called pU?-Can-Bar. This expression vector was introduced into the D.salina by glass beads method. The screening culture of transformants of D.salina was performed in solid media containing 5 ?g/ml PPT, and the analyses of transformants were carried out through PCR and Southern blot. PCR results revealed that specific 700 bp products were detected in the different transformants of D.salina but not in negative control. Southern blot analysis further demonstrated that human canstatin gene was integrated into the D.salina genome. Moreover, the results of genetic stability analyses of transformants demonstrated that canstatin gene was stably inherited in the D.salina transformants. The successful preparation of the D.salina transformants will provide the experimentation evidence for producing canstatin protein cosmically by using the D.salina bioreactor and give a better prophase work basis for clinic application of canstatin protein early.

OBJECTIVETo study the quality and the chemical components of Chrysanthemum morifolium from Tongxiang city.

METHODChemical constituents of nine cultivars were compared in three types of index: chlorogenic acid, flavonoid and volatile oil.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe content varied significantly. The content of chlorogenic acid in Jinjuerhao was 6.66%, the highest among the samples. Yizhongdabaiju showed the highest flavonoid and volatile oil with 9.49% and 3.30 mL x kg(-1) respectively.

China ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analysis ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Plant Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Species Specificity

Reduced radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells represents a pivotal obstacle in clinical oncology. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a crucial role in radiosensitivity, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. A relationship has been suggested to exist between hypoxia and autophagy recently. In the current study, we studied the effect of hypoxia-induced autophagy on radioresistance in lung cancer cell lines. A549 and H1299 cells were cultured under normoxia or hypoxia, followed by irradiation at dosage ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. Clonogenic assay was performed to calculate surviving fraction. EGFP-LC3 plasmid was stably transfected into cells to monitor autophagic processes. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, c-Jun, phosphorylated c-Jun, Beclin 1, LC3 and p62. The mRNA levels of Beclin 1 were detected by qRT-PCR. We found that under hypoxia, both A549 and H1299 cells were radio-resistant compared with normoxia. Hypoxia-induced elevated HIF-1α protein expression preferentially triggered autophagy, accompanied by LC3 induction, EGFP-LC3 puncta and p62 degradation. In the meantime, HIF-1α increased downstream c-Jun phosphorylation, which in turn upregulated Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expression. The upregulation of Beclin 1 expression, instead of HIF-1α, could be blocked by SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase), followed by suppression of autophagy. Under hypoxia, combined treatment of irradiation and chloroquine (a potent autophagy inhibitor) significantly decreased the survival potential of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, hypoxia-induced autophagy through evaluating Beclin1 expression may be considered as a target to reverse the radioresistance in cancer cells.