In this study, 31 Notopterygium incisum populations were analyzed using ITS sequences to investigate the genetic structure. The results showed that: the ITS region ranged in size from 634 to 635 bp and base composition was with high G + C content of 57.8%. Thirty-one polymorphic sites were detected from 402 sequences of 31 populations of N. incisum, and the proportion of polymorphic sites was 4.88%, in which parsimony informative sites were up to 12. And 31 haplotypes were identified based on these polymorphic sites. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that high genetic differentiation (57%) existed among population, and gene flow was low (N(m) = 0.38) among populations. Phylogenetic relationships of 31 haplotypes were analyzed using NJ method with N. forbesiias an out-group. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 31 haplotypes from different populations mixed together and did not form distinct geographically separated clades.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer a non-selective and receptor-independent mode to promote cellular uptake. Although the non-specificity of CPP-mediated internalization allows this approach applicable to a wide range of tumor types potentially, their universality is a significant obstacle to their clinical utility for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Accordingly, many reports have focused on selective switching of systemically delivered inert CPPs into their active form in lesions (tumor). In this review, our attention is mainly confined to such an enzyme-sensitive domain incorporated delivery system with activatable CPPs (ACPPs), which have displayed the exciting strength in balancing the CPPs' pros and cons, and potential in the treatment and diagnosis of some diseases.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzymes ; chemistry ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA).Methods Preoperative sonography in 32 SA,99 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),51 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and 64 fibroadenoma(FA) confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average age of SA group was younger than IDC and DCIS groups',but older than FA group's (P ＜0.05).The focal maximum diameter of SA group was the smallest among all(P ＜0.05).All the SA sonograms showed solid hypoechoic lesions,with spiculate margin was less than IDC group and larger than DCIS and FA groups (P ＜0.05).Similar ultrasonic characteristics,such as irregular shape,unclear border,acoustic halos were seen in SA and DCIS groups (P ＞0.05),while IDC group showed the highest rate and FA group had the least(P ＜0.05).SA masses' uneven internal echo,calcification,posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than FA group(P ＜0.05),but less than IDC and DCIS groups(P ＞0.05).Meanwhile,A/T ratios(≥0.7) were higher than DCIS and FA groups,but less than IDC group(P ＞0.05).In addition,SA group had a similar detection rate of the internal blood flow with FA group(P ＞0.05),but less than the IDC and DCIS groups(P ＜0.05).Conelusions Ultrasonography has a significant clinical value in diagnosis and differential breast sclerosing adenosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography on the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC),and to improve the diagnositic accuracy of ARVC by echocardiography.Methods According to the 2010 European Heart Association guideline,twenty-one patients with ARVC were diagnosed from September 2003 to June 2014.The patients were divided into four groups (confirmed,suspiciously diagnosis,miss diagonisis,misdiagnosis) and the echocardiographic features were retrospectively analyzed including the right ventricular (RV) movement,the diameter of RV outflow tract (RVOTd),fractional area change of RV (RVFAC),the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and peak pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).Results Of 21 patients,15 (71.4％) were confirmed by echocardiography,which had the typical ARVC echocardiographic features including the hypokinetic,akinetic or aneurysm of RV,dilation of RVOTd [mean RVOTd (40 ± 3)mm],and RV FAC＜33 ％ [mean (21 ± 7)％].TR were noticed in all the 15 patients but the PASP were normal [mean (27 ± 9)mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa].Three (14.3％) were suspiciously diagnosed which had the RV wall hypoakinetic,1 with pure RVOTd dilation and 2 with RV and RVOTd dilation,all 3 patients had mild TR,33％＜RVFAC ≤40％ and PASP were in normal range.Two patients had normal echocardiography which was miss diagnosed,one patient was misdiagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusions The different stages of ARVC patients had different echocardiographic features,the patients were easily diagnosed when the ARVC patients in RV failure stage.But for the early and late stage,the diagnosis should combine the clinical manifestation and other imaging facilities to avoid miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

BACKGROUND: In valerian-ligusticum extract (VLE), valeriana offici nalis extract (VOE) is γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor kinetin, which can relax cerebral vascular spasm; ligusticum wallichii Fr. Extraxt (LWE)can pass through blood-brain barrier, enhance microcirculation of tissue and inhibit blood platelet aggregation and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of VLE prepared with effective components on prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.DESIGN:Complete randomized, negative and positive control experiment.SETTING: Institute of Senile Medicine and Pharmacology of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Senile Medicine Pharmacology of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of ent blood perfusion in brain tissue: Fifty Kunming mice were employed,which was randomized into normal group, solvent control (model) group,ligustrazine 50 mg/kg group, VLE 170 mg/kg group and VLE 85 mg/kg Fifty Wistar rats were employed, which was randomized into solvent control (model) group, compound danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) 5 g/kg group,VLE 156 mg/kg group, VLE 94 mg/kg group and VLE 31.3 mg/kg group,Sixty Wistar rats were employed, which was randomized into sham-operation group, solvent control (model) group, ligustrazine 10 mg/kg group, VLE 156 mg/kg group, VLE 95 mg/kg group and VLE 31.3 mg/kg, 10 mice in each were employed, which was randomized into normal group, solvent control (model) group, ligustrazine 10 mg/kg group, VLE 200 mg/kg group and VLE 40 mg/kg, 10 mice in each one.sue, in advance, VLE (85, 170 mg/kg), ligustrazine (50 mg/kg) or solvent enhancer of equal volume (0.2 mL) were injected abdominally in each group. Twenty minutes later, pituitrin (2.5 u/kg) was injected intravenously; and 10 minutes later, isotope 99Tcm+ L, L-EthylCysteinate Dimer and Stannous Chloride (ECD) 3.7×1010Bq/ L(0.1 mL/per mouse) was injected in coccygeal nerve. Fifteen minutes later, radio-immunity counter was used periment of arteral-ovenous bypass method for thrombosis, before the opercal saline successively, continuously for 7 days, once per day. After 24 hours of medication pause, with abdominal anesthesia with pentobarbitol sodium, a catheter (with surgical thread inside) was used in vitro to connect common cervical vein and carotid artery. Thrombus mass was scaled 15 dominal anesthesia of chloral hydrate, intraluminal thread approach (ITA)was used to block unilateral MCA. Except that ITA was not used, the other management in sham-operation group was same as experimental groups.Gastric perfusion was done with VLE(156, 94, 31.3 mg/kg), ligustrazine operation and 3 hours and 12 hours after operation. 24 hours after modeling, the assessment was done for behavioral neurological damage and brain sive cerebral ischemia experiment, the model was prepared by coccygeal injection of collagen + adrenalin (AD). Respectively, 30 minutes before modeling injection and 1 hour after injection, gastric perfusion was done with VLE (200, 40 mg/kg), ligustrazine (10 mg/kg) or solvent enhancer of equal volume successively to observe the numbers of dead mice in 5 minutes after modeling and the numbers of hemiplegia mice in 15 minutes;and to determine brain mass index 8 hours later after sacrificed and lactic acid level of brain tissue homogenate with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.group.RESULTS: In the experiment of acute extensive brain ischemia in mice, in solvent control, during modeling, 3 mice were died and the rest 207 mice brain tissue in mice, the ratios of brain with and blood γ ray pulsating intensity in VLE 85 mg/kg group and VLE 170 mg/kg were higher than model group (0.53±0.09, 0.55±0.08, 0.45±0.08, t=2.234 6, 2.793 3, P method in rats, the thrombus masses in VLE 156 mg/kg group, 94 mg/kg group and 31.3 g/kg group were lower remarkably than the model group [(12.66±4.79), (13.31 ±3.97), (13.49±4.09), (19.21±5.76) g, (t=2.667 0,31.3 mg/kg group, 94 mg/kg group and 156 mg/kg group was lower remarkably than model group successively [(5.9±1.9), (6.0±2.0), (5.8±2.2),(8.7±0.9) score], and cerebral infarction index was lower than model group [(16.52±5.78)%,(16.54±3.00)%, (14.18±6.13)%, (24.03±4.85)%, (t=3.118 9-chemia in mice, brain mass indexes of VLE 40 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were lower remarkably than model group [(0.91 ±0.20) and (0.82±0.24)%, (1.40±0.32)%], and lactic acid in brain tissue was lower than model group [(17.44±6.71),(14.43±2.81), (29.07±7.33) μmol/g (t=3.388 5-5.800 5, P＜ 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Valerian-liqusticum extract improves significantly cerebral ischemia in mice induced by pituitrin and the damage by medium cerebral artery embolism in rats, and it inhibits significantly blood platelet aggregation and thrombosis induced by AD+ collagen mixture or foreign objects. It is suggested that valerian-ligustrazine extract prevents and treats significantly the perfusion disturbance of cerebral microcirculation.

Objective To evaluate the influence of narrow-band ultraviolet B on lesional microvessel density (MVD),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2)as well as on serum VEGF in patients with psoriasis vulgaris(PV).Methods Fifteen patients with PV were recruited into this study with 10 normal human controls.All patients received NB-UVB phototherapy thrice a week for 4-5 weeks.Prior and after the treatment,psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)was calculated,tissue specimens were taken from non-photoexposed lesions,and sera samples were obtained from these patients.Then,MvD and the expression level of VEGF and MMP-2 were measured by immunohistochemical labeled dextran polymer(LDP)method in the tissue specimens.Also,the serum level of VEGF was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results PASI score remarkably decreased in patients after the photothempy(t=13.35,P＜0.01).The MVDs were 20.52±5.02,7.33±1.24 and 4.26±0.79 capillaries per high power field(400 × amplification),in psoriatic lesions before treatment,after treatment,and normal control tissues,respectively,with a significant difference among the three groups (F=97.57,P＜0.05),and a significant increase was observed in the lesions before treatment compared with those after treatment and normal controls.The serum level of VEGF was 307.55±121.65 ng/L in psoriatic lesions before treatment,significantly higher than that after treatment(163.92±95.57 ng/L),and in normal control skin (139.78±79.06 ng/L),whereas there was no significant difference between the latter two groups(P＞0.05).The positivity rate of MMP-2 was similar among the three groups without statistical difference(P＞0.05).In psoriatic patients,a positive correlation was observed among PASI score,MVD,lesional and serum VEGF levels(P＜0.05),also among the MVD,VEGF and MMP-2 levels in lesions(P＜0.05).but lesional MMP-2 was unrelated to PASI score or sgrum VEGF(both P＞0.05).Conclusions NB-UVB may regulate superficial dermal microvascular proliferation by acting on the expression of VEGF in sera and lesions of psoriatic patients.VEGF and MMP-2 may bOth participate in the proliferation process of microvessels,while MMP-2 is unlikely to be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of NB-UVB.

Objective: To examine the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in human colon cancinoma tis-sues and call lines and to explore the survival of colon cancer cell lines treated with dexamethasone alone or in combination with 5-Fu and L-OHP in a way of dexamethasone pretreatment or co-administration in vitro.Methods: The expression of glucocorticoid receptor was detected in 61 cases of colon cancer tissue samples and 4 types of colon cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry. MTT assay was employed to detect the chemosensitivity of colon carcinoma cells to L-OHP and 5-Fu with dexamethasone pretreatment for 24 hours or co-administretion. Results: Positive GR expression was found in 57.3% colon cancer tissue samples and in Lovo and HCT-116 cell lines, not in HT-29 and SW-480. Apoptosis was detected in GR-expressed Lovo and HCT-116 cells at 72 hours after 1×10~(-4)mol/L Dex treatment, and the rates of apoptosis were higher than those in the control groups without Dex (P<0.01),GR-negative cells, HT-29 and SW-480 even treated with 1 × 10~(-4)mol/L Dex for 72 hours. Pretreatment and co-administration for Lovo cells with 1×10~(-4)mol/L Dex could decrease the IC50 of L-OHP from 13.7±1:1.3μg/mL to 5.9±0.6μg/mL and 4.8±0.7μg/mL, respectively. IC50 of 5-Fu was decreased from 72.2±8.1 μg/mL to 21.1±4.1μg/mL and 18.6±4.0μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: There is expression of glucocorticoid receptor in part of colon carcinoma tissue samples and cell lines. Apoptosis does occur in GR-expressed Lovo and HCT-116 cells induced by dexamethasone in vitro. Pretreatment for 24h and co-administration with Dex can increase the chemosensitivity of Lovo cells to L-OHP and 5-Fu.

OBJECTIVE:To study the optimized process for extraction of the alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis.METHODS:Orthogonal design was used for studying the effect of alcohol concentration,volume,extraction time and times on the content of jatrorrhizine,epiberberine,coptisine,palmatine and berberine.RESULTS:The optimum extraction process is as follows:8 times of 50% alcohol,extracted for 4 times,each time for 2 hours.CONCLUSION:This extraction process is workable and reproducible,and can provide theoretic support for mass extraction of the alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis.

To reduce extensive radical procedures and decrease morbidity in gynecologic malignancies, much effort is being focused on implementing less aggressive interventions. Two different approaches such as lymphatic mapping and lymphoscintigraphy are currently used to identify sentinel lymph nodes. In vulvar and cervical carcinomas, metastatic spread of disease commonly follows stepwise progressive drainage. Thus, sentinel lymph node identification may significantly reduce the number of patients undergoing unnecessary, extensive lymphadenectomy in the absence of metastatic disease. The addition of novel techniques, such as histopathologic ultrastaging, step sectioning, and immunohistochemistry staining, will help increase the accuracy and rate of detection of the disease. Any definitive statements can be made to the validity of sentinel lymphadenectomy until we got data with long-term follow-up.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonic diagnosis on cervical lymph nodes metastasis regions and characteristics in thyroid carcinoma.Methods Ultrasound image of 290 patients with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed restrospectively.The cervical lymph node metastasis regions diagnosed by ultrasonography were compared with histopathologic results,and the ultrasound characteristics of metastasis lymph nodes were assessed.Results Among 290 patients,167 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis were comfirmed by pathology (57.6％),and 185 cases were detected by pre-operative ultrasound (63.8％).The region of thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis comfirmed by histopathology was most commonly the central region (54.1％),followed by the lateral neck (20.7％).The diagnostic rate of central region lymph node metastatic by pre-operative ultrasound was only 31.7％,which was sharply lower than that of lateral region (57.6％,P ＜0.05).However,the diagnostic specificity (72.8 ％) was apparently higher than lateral region (35.9％,P ＜0.05).The ultrasonic characteristics of metastatic cervical lymph nodes included rounded shape,absence of echogenic hilus,presence of calcitication,hyperechogenicity and cystic change.Conclusions The cervical central region is the predominant region for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis,and ultrasound diagnosis on central region lymph node metastasis possesses positive specificity but negative sensitivity.Improving ultrasound diagnostic accuracy on central lymph nodes metastasis would be of important clinical significance.