Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp?toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re?mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.

0.05).The expression of NF-?Bp65 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with FIGO stage(P0.05).There was obviously negative correlation between KISS- 1 and MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer(rs=-0.547,P

Objective To investigate the related factors of speech intelligibility in the prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation. Methods 47 prelingually deafened children who had received cochlear implantation and their families were investigated with questionnaires and analyzed with Fisher test. Results The age when cochlea implanted, the age when hearing aided, the time after the cochlear implantation and the time the cochlea opened were related with their speech intelligibility rating. Conclusion Suitable time for implantation, the hearing aid and making reasonable rehabilitation programme play a crucial role in the hearing rehabilitation of prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation.

0.05).Conclusions ATP-TCA could be used to individualize chemotherapy by selecting agents for particular patients of cervical cancer.The expression of GST-? and TS protein might be useful biomarkers to predict the resistance to DDP and 5-FU in patients with cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Jiangzhi Tiaoya Granule (JZTYG) in treating essential hypertension and its protection on function of vascular endothelial cells (VEC).

METHODSFifty-nine patients of essential hypertension divided into two groups were treated with JZTYG (the treated group) and Jinjia Yixintong (the control group) respectively. The changes of symptoms, signs, blood pressure, heart rate were observed and the levels of endothelin (ET), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) content were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSThe total effective rates of JZTYG in lowering blood pressure and improving symptoms were both 90.0%, markedly effective rate in lowering blood pressure and improving symptoms was 36.7% and 60.0% respectively. The symptom improved in the treated group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It also could reduce the plasma ET level (P < 0.05) and ET/CGRP ratio (P < 0.01), and increase the CGRP level (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJZTYG has a promising clinical therapeutic effect in treating essential hypertension and is able to protect the VEC function.

Adult ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; injuries

Objective To identify the expression of DLK1 protein in different types of renal cell carcinomas and its correlations with pathological characteristics and metastasis. Methods Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of DLK1 protein in 94 cases of primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 76 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma, 45 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, 71 cases of distal metastatic and 24 cases of lymph node metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, as well as 18 cases of normal renal tissue. The correlations of DLK1 protein expression with pathological characteristics were analyzed. Results DLK1 protein was expressed in proximal and distal renal tubular epithelial cells in all the normal renal cases. In contrast, DLK1 protein expression was lower in different types of renal cell carcinoma. The low or negative expression of DLK1 protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma was 33.0% (31/94), 27.6% (21/76) and 33.3% (15/45), respectively. Compared to normal renal tissue, DLK1 protein expression was significantly down-regulated in renal cell carcinomas (P＞0.05), whereas there was no significant difference on DLK1 protein expressions among the different types (P＞0.05) of renal cell carcinomas. DLK1 protein expression was not correlated with sex (60 male and 34 female cases), age (≥55, 50 cases and 55, 44 cases), grade (41 cases in grade I, 9 cases in grade II, 21 cases in grade III and 23 cases in grade Ⅳ respectively) and lymph node metastasis (76 cases with and 18 cases without lymph node metastasis) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (P＞0.05). There was also no significant difference among primary, lymph node and distal metastatic lesions of clear cell carcinoma (P＞0.05). Conclusions DLK1 protein expression is commonly down-regulated in different types of renal cell carcinomas. Down-regulation of DLK1 protein expression is not associated with pathological characteristics and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To discuss a real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) wether if can be used to detect Brucella. Methods According to the BCSP31 gene sequences specific for Brucella, one pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed. A real-time PCR was developed with the BCSP31 fragments cloned into PMD18-T vector. The standard cure was established and the sensitivity, the species specificity and the stability of the assay were evaluated. The clinical blood specimens were detected by QT-PCR and compared with clinical diagnosis. Results The standard curve was established with the standard template and the relationship between the Ct and the DNA copy number was linear(r=0.999). The sensitivity of the real-time PCR was 5 copies/μl. The sensitivity of the common PCR was 5×102 copies/μl. The sensitivity was about 100 times higher than common PCR. Species specificity of this FQ-PCR assay evaluated using genomic DNA from 6 Bmcella strains and 5 non-Brucella strains and strong fluorescence was detected in all Brucella strains. The CV of intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility were 0.71%,7.23%, reprectively. Twenty-four specimens from clinical brucellosis cases, 19 showed positive, the positive coincident rate was 79%(19/24). The negative results were obtained for all 31 negative control, and the negative coincident rate was 100%(31/31). Two were positive from all 30 specimens clinically suspected. Conclusions Highly specific, sensitive, repeatable and coincidental with clinic, this FQ-PCR is quite useful for rapid detection of tiny DNA of Brucella in various samples and laboratory diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of Kudou Shencha decotion on INF-y, ICAM-1, MCP-1 levels of prostate tissue homogenate in immunity prostatitis model rats.

METHODForty Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: Kudou Shencha decotion group with high dosage and low dosage, Qianleitai group, the model control group and normal group. The rat model of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis was established by multiple hypodermical injection of the suspension of prostatic protein purification with Freund's completed adjuvant. The level of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), interferon gamma (INF-gamma) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTThe content of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in the model group was higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05), the content of ICAM-1 was obviously decreased in Kudou Shencha decotion group with high dosage (P <0.05), the contents of MCP-1 were all obviously decreased in Kudou Shencha decotion groups and Qianlietai group. Compared with the model group, the contents of INF-gamma in all treatment groups were decreased insignificantly.

CONCLUSIONKudou Shencha decotion has the action of lowering the level of ICAM-1 and MCP-1, which may be one of the mechanisms of Kudou Shencha decotion in the therapy of chronic prostatitis.

Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Male ; Prostate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The progress in the studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of the genus Pfaffia is summarized in recent 20 years. These plants contain various chemical constituents and have broad bioactivities such as sthenic, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory and should be further investigated.
Amaranthaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification