Abstact:Aim To identify whether the petroleum e-ther fraction of Yueju pill (YJ-PE)could exhibit a po-tent rapid antidepressant effect and to investigate the underlying biological mechanism involved.Methods Fourty-four male KM mice were randomly assigned to five groups:the control group (saline group),low dosage of YJ-PE,middle dosage of YJ-PE,high dos-age of YJ-PE and ketamine.After a single drug admin-istration,we used tail suspension test (TST)to test the rapid antidepressant effect of YJ-PE in KMmice at 30 min.Another twenty-four male KM mice were ass-inged to three groups:control group,screened effective low dosage of YJ-PE group and ketamine group.We usd TST to assess these mice at 24 h post a single ad-
ministration.Western blot was performed to examine the expression of BDNF and TrkB in hippocampus of KMmice at 30 min and 24 h post a single administra-tion.Results An acute administration of YJ-PE de-creased the immobility time of KMmice in TST and in-creased the expression of BDNF and TrkB as soon as 30min post a single administration and lasted at least for 24 hours.Conclusion YJ-PE (low dosage)ex-hibits a rapid antidepressant-like potent,and the po-tent rapid antidepressant effects of YJ-PE are associat-ed with the up-regulation of BDNF and TrkB.

Aim To observe the rapid antidepressant effect of Yuejuganmaidazao Decoction on postpatum de-pression offspring , and analyze its influence on the Akt and mTOR expression .Methods After postpartum de-pression model was established , the offsprings were randomly divided into the following groups: control group(CTL-F1,n =8), vehicle group (Veh,n =8) and YG group ( YG, n =8 ) .Veh group was treated with vehicle , YG group was treated with Yueju gan-maidazao Decoction(8.3 g· kg -1 ).Forced swimming test(FST) was measured 24 hours after single adminis-tration.The phosphorylation and total level of Akt and m-TOR in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results The immobility time in YG group was significantly shorter than that in Veh group ( P <0.01 ) , and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR in the hippocampus was significantly increased ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Yuejuganmaidazao Decoction may rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors of PPD offsprings through upregulation of Akt and mTOR ex-pression .

Phospholipase D(PLD) is ubiquitous in bacteria,fungi,and mammal.In pathogenic microorganisms,PLD can be pathogenic determinant and play a role in spore generation.In mammalian cells,PLD functions in several signal transduction pathways,such as membrane transportation,mitosis regulation,and actin cytoskeleton regulation.In the process of pathogens invasion host cells,both of the pathogen and host cells’ PLD will be activated and a series of cascade reaction will be generated.During this process,pathogen’s PLD can regulate the polymerization and reorganization of its own actin filaments and induce the polymerization or reorganization of the host cell actin filaments near the foci,thus to promote the phagocytosis of the pathogen by host cell.Investigating the role of PLD activation in the infection will be significance for further understanding the molecular mechanism of pathogen-host cell interaction.

Aim Using chronic pre-pregnancy stress to establish a postpartum depression animal model, given a single YG,and acute ketamine was served as control, to explore the pathology of PPD and the anti-depressive mechanism of the YG on the PPD model on AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Thirty-two fe-male Balb / c were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group ( Control, Con) and the pre-pregnancy stressed group(Model,Mod) , which was subjected to 3 weeks chronic restraint stress. After the last stressor, the pre-pregnancy stressed group was housed with a male. After about 4 weeks later, the mice gave birth to pups. Then at 3 weeks postpartum, we tested the ma-ternal tail suspension test ( TST). Both YG and Ket-amine was single administered 24 hours before behavior test, with single saline for control group and PPD mod-el group. After TST,the mouse hippocampus were ex-tracted to detect the expression of AKT and mTOR. Results After 3 weeks postpartum, the model mice showed depression-like behaviors. Immobility in TST was significantly increased in vehicle groups(P <0. 01). Acute YG improved performance in the TST (P< 0. 01), which was similar to ketamine. And the PPD model mice group showed decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR (P < 0. 01,P < 0. 01), compared to control group. A single dose of YG or ketamine normal-ized AKT/ mTOR signaling in the PPD model mice(P< 0. 01,P < 0. 01),( P < 0. 01,P < 0. 01). Conclu-sions Chronic pre-pregnancy stress can induce dams into postpartum depression and its mechanism maybe associated with down-regulating AKT/ mTOR signa-ling. Acute YG exerts fast antidepressant effect on this PPD model similar to ketamine, and its mechanism may be related to up-regulating AKT/ mTOR signaling in the hippocampus.

Objective To assess the correlation between coronary heart disease and common carotid artery and femoral artery atherosclerosis with two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound (2D-CDUS). Methods Ninety patients with coronary heart disease were divided into three subgroups according to the extent of coronary artery stenosis observed with coronary angiography, and 50 normal subjects were taken as normal group. Ultrasound examination with high-frequency linear array probe was performed to measure IMT of common carotid and femoral artery in order to observe the plaque and extent of stenosis, the formation of blood dynamics, physical characteristics and hemodynamic environmental parameters. Results Among the coronary disease groups, common carotid artery and the femoral artery IMT, atherosclerotic plaque in the number, rate and all points increased along with the degree of coronary artery stenosis increasing. Physical characteristics and its hemodynamic environmental parameters had some changes with the increase of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The atherosclerosis of common carotid artery and the femoral artery are closely related with coronary atherosclerosis.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium microemulsions in human. Methods: According to the crossover design, each volunteer was orally given diclofenac sodium microemulsion and diclofenac sodium tablet. The serum concentrations were determined by RP-HPLC with UV-detector. The concentration-time data were analyzed using 3P87 Pharmacokinetic Program and the pharmacokinetics parameters were compared by paired t-test. Results: It was found that diclofenac sodium in serum was linear within the range of 50-8 000 μg/L. The minimum detection concentration was 30 μg/L. The mean rate of recovery was (100.55±1.56)%. After a single oral dose, AUC0～∞ were 5.563，7.891 μg*h/ml, MRT 5.489， 5.387 h for dispersible diclofenac sodium microemulsion and tablet respectively. Conclusion: Absorption progress of diclofenac sodium microemulsion in human may be special.

This study aimed at exploring the mechanism of the rapid antidepressant effects of Yueju pill on depression of Parkinson's disease (DPD).The fast antidepressant effects of Yueju pill in this study was evaluated by behavior tests,such as open field test (OFT),tail suspension test (TST),forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) according to the modeling method of subacute DPD in the literature.In vitro experiment was implemented using PC12 cells.Moreover,the protective effects of Yueju pill on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced neural injury with the engagement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were expounded.As a result,it was found that the immobility time of the mice in the model group was significantly longer than that in the normal group in TST and FST tests (P ＜ 0.01),and the SPT ratio of mice in the model group remarkably decreased (P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the immobility time of DPD mice was shortened in the FST test after administering Yueju pill (P ＜ 0.05),while the SPT ratio was increased (P ＜ 0.01).Yueju pill took the effects on the third day after a single administration.The phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB) in MPP+ induced PC12 cells was decreased in comparison with the model group,while the expression of p-CREB was up-regulated with the administration of Yueju pill (P ＜ 0.01).In conclusion,DPD was quickly mitigated after the treatment of Yueju pill,the activation of CREB signaling pathway and its neuroprotective effects may be the mechanism behind it.

Solid dispersions technique was used to solidify buagafuran and improve buagafuran in vitro dissolution and stability. Buagafuran solid dispersions were prepared separately using PVPK30, PEG6000 and Poloxamer188 at various weight ratios as carriers. The status of buagafuran in solid dispersions was determined by using DSC and IR. The solubility, content and in vitro dissolution of pure drug and the solid dispersions were detected by using HPLC. When buagafuran/carrier was 1:5 or less, the drug existed in a solid dispersion form. Three kinds of carriers all can improve buagafuran dispersibility and in vitro dissolution. Accelerating experiment showed that buagafuran/PVPK30 < or = 1:10 solid dispersions was ageing-resistant, and the aspect, content and in vitro dissolution did not change after storaged over 3 months, but PEG6000, Poloxamer188 and a lower ratio PVPK30 solid dispersions became aged. Buagafuran/PVPK30 < or = 1:10 solid dispersions can be developed as buagafuran oral drug delivery carrier.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Povidone ; chemistry ; Powders ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Solubility

OBJECTIVETo assess the antihypertensive effect and safety on medicine named 'Beijing Hypertensive No. 0' in a three-year treatment of primary hypertension.

METHODSA community-based intervention study was conducted. The antihypertensive effects and adverse events were observed.

RESULTS4000 patients with primary hypertension were randomly divided into two groups with 1529 patients treated with 'Beijing Hypertensive No. 0' and 976 patients treated with other antihypertensive drugs, among which 946 and 853 patients in the two groups completed the three-year study. After treatment, the systolic blood pressure decreased 13 mm Hg and 7 mm Hg while diastolic blood pressure decreased 8 mm Hg and 4 mm Hg in the 'No. 0' group and controlled group respectively. After three years of treatment, 90.0% and 79.5% in the 'No.0' group and in the control group had reached the BP 'fulfillment criteria', which were much higher than the baseline data. Side effects occurred in 33/1274 (2.6%) cases during three years' treatment with most commonly seen as dizziness, headache, palpitation and weakness. No serious adverse reactions occurred. There were some positive effects after treated by 'No. 0', including 0.13 mmol/L decrease of TC, 0.70 mmol/L decrease of LDL-C and an average 0.12 mmol/L increase of HDL-C. All of these changes were statistically significant. There were also opposite effects as 0.13 mmol/L increase of TG, 0.24 mmol/L increase of K+, and 0.88 mmol/L increase of Na+ on average, which were also statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONCompared with the conventional treatment, this treatment of 'Beijing Hypertensive No.0' was more convenient, safe and effective in treating mild to moderate primary hypertension in the community.

Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Safety

Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness of two anti-hypertensive therapy regimens,Compound anti-hypertensive tablets and other common anti-hypertensive agents,in the treatment program of Primary Hypertension.Methods We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a community trial.Two communities'primary hypertensive patients were enrolled to receive different therapy drugs:Compound anti-hypertensive tablets(Group A)or other common anti-hypertensive agents(Group B).Blood pressure,medicine used,and adverse drug reactions were observed and recorded for one year,and then costeffectiveness ratio of the two groups and incremental ratio were calculated.We considered a 30%drug price fluctuating load to make the sensitivity analysis.Results 2505 cases were enrolled with 1529 cases in group A and 976 cases in group B.The cost-effectiveness ratios were 418.1 and 1057.7 for Group A and B respectively while the incremental cost-effectiveness of Group B vs.Group A was 19 202.2.The results were insensitive to variation in the costs of drugs over clinically reasonable ranges.Conclusion Compound anti-hypertensive tablets appeared to be relatively cost-effective when compared to common drugs for the treatment of primary hypertension.