Recently more and more ophthalmologists selected a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for their cataract patient in order to get good unaided reading vision. Although the design of IOL have made a great progress, we are still dissatisfied compared with our natural crystal lens. Understanding the design theory and improving our surgery technique are basic for better utilization the multifocal IOL. Does the multifocal IOL reduce contrast sensitivity? Should we implant the multifocal IOL in pediatric cataract surgery? How can we deal with the residual refractive error after multifocal IOL implantation? In this editorial, we try to clarify these problems to make us select and use multifocal IOL better.

Raltitrexed is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase,and has been confirmed that ralti-trexed has no cross tolerance with 5-fluorouracil.Studies have shown that raltitrexed-based combination chemo-therapy has a beneficial effect on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer,and well tolerance,which is worthy of clinical use.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the collective self-esteem scale for freshman.Methods 800 freshmen finished the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the Life Satisfaction Scale,and Self-esteem Scale.Results The confirmatory factor analysis shows that collective esteem includes membership esteem,private collective esteem,public collective esteem,and importance to identiy intemal consistency a of the scale and the 4 components of the scale ale between0.6357and 0.8369.All components of the scale except importance to identity have significantly positive correlation with life satisfaction and self-esteem.(0.14＜r＜0.41,P＜0.01).Gids have more scores than boys in total collective esteem(t=3.38,P＜0.01),Private CSE and Importance to Identity (t=3.32,P＜0.01).Conclusion The revised collective self-esteem scale for freshmen has sound reliability and validity.It is a good instrument for measuring collective self-esteem of Chinese freshman.

Objective;To test the relationship between Collective Self-Esteem,Self-Esteem and Depression,Anxiety.Methods;800 freshmen completed the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the self-Esteem Sale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.Results;①The rate of slight depression was 21.6%;moderate depression,5.9%;high depression,1.6%.The mean of anxiety was 42,the mode of anxiety was 36.②The predicting effects of Self-Esteem,private collective self-esteem and public collective self-esteem on depression were significant(P

Composite Resins ; Dental Bonding ; methods ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 128-slice spiral CT angiography( MSCTA)for bypass grafts in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods One hundred and thirty-three bypass grafts (44 IMA grafts,89 saphenous veins grafts) of 46 patients after CABAG operation for 12 to 76 months were examined by MSCTA.Then the coronary angiography(CAG) was performed on those patients 3 - 10 days after MSCTA examination.The MSCTA results were compared with the angiography results.Results Among the 133 bypass grafts,MACTA examination showed that 17 grafts were occluded and 20 grafts were severe restenosis( restenosis degree ＞ 50％ ).There was also 17 occluded grafts showed in CAG examination as in MSCTA results.But 21 restenosis ( restenosis degree ＞ 50％ ) bypass grafts were identified by CAG.Compared with the CAG results,there was 1 false positive and 2 false negative in the MSCTA results.The overall sensitivity and specificity of MSCTA on evaluating the bypass grafts were 94.7％ and 98.9％.The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 97.3％ and 97.9％,respectively.Conclusion As a noninvasive examination,128-slice spiral CT could accurately identify and evaluate the bypass grafts lesions after CABG.

AIM: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activated by sensitized dendritic cells (DCs). METHODS: Immature DCs were induced in vitro from peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) and sensitized by adding tumor cells antigen extract. DCs were identified by their morphology and surface markers. MTT assay was used to evaluate the killing activity of CTL activated by sensitized DCs. The effects of specific CTL cells on inhibiting transplanted tumor HT-29 growth and on preventing HT-29 tumor generation were evaluated by injecting CTL into nude mice. RESULTS: After cultured for seven days, a large number of activated DCs were obtained with typical morphology, extensive stimulatory proliferation capacity and high CD80 (63.5%), CD83 (67.6%) and CD3/HLA-DR (83.2%) expressions. The killing activity of CTL at 20∶1 ratio of effective cells to target cells was more than 75% to tumor cells, 35%-45% to homologous cell line and weaker to other germ cell line (P

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Humans ; Industry ; Lead ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Workplace

Objective To compare the clinical effects of endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting and traditional surgical management in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods Between march 2007 to June 2008,215 patients underwent CABG.Among them,87 patients underwent endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting.At the same time,128 cases were managed by traditional ways.Results The cases were foUowed up for 1-17 months.Endoscopic great saphenous vein harvesting was superior to traditional management in the healing of wound infection,relief of pain,improvement of edema and skin feeling(P＜0.05).Conclusion Endoscope saphenous vein harvesting is an efficient technique for CABG which is characterized by less trauma and fewer wound complications,and will not influcence the function of vein as well.On the other hand,the satisfaction is improved.

Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; WAGR Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Wilms Tumor ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery