ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on plasma cortisol,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in hippocampus in rots.MethodsThirty-six adult male SD rots,aged 10 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were randomly assigned into 6 groups:control group (group C,n =6) and O2 group (group O,n =6),isoflurane group (group Ⅰ,n =24).The rats were exposed to 2％ isoflurane for 2 h (FGF 3 L/min) in group Ⅰ.While the rats were only exposed to the pure oxygen in group O.Six rats in each group were chosen to perform Morris water maze test after inhalation of pure oxygen was stopped in group O,and at 2 h,and at 1,7 and 14 days after the end of administration in group Ⅰ.The escape latency and swimming distance in place navigation test,and the number of crossing the platform and swimming distance in spatial probe test were recorded.After water maze test was terminated at each time point,blood samples were taken from the fossa orbitalis to determine the plasma cortisol concentration and the hippocampal tissue was obtained for measurement of the contents of BDNF and NGF.ResultsCompared with group C,the number of crossing the platform was significantly decreased,the swimming distance was significantly shortened,and the plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in spatial probe test in group O,and the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at 1 day after the end of administration in plaee navigation test,and the number of crossing the platform and the content of BDNF in the hippocampal tissue were significantly decreased,and the swimming distance was significantly shortened in spatial probe test in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusion lsoflurane anesthesia exerts a transient inhibitory effect on cognitive function in the short term,and promotion of the cortisol release and synthesis of BDNF is involved in the mechanism,but not the synthesis of NGF in hippocampus in rats.

In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of V-Y advanced flap pedicled with perforator of peroneal artery at posterior lateral malleolus for small skin defect on children heel.

METHODSFrom Mar. 2012 to Jan. 2014, 9 children with small skin defects on heel were treated with adjacent V-Y advanced flap pedicled with perforator of peroneal artery at posterior lateral malleolus. The flaps were 8.0 cm x 4.0 cm to 9.0 cm x 4.5 cm in size and the wounds at donor sits were directly closed.

RESULTSAll flaps survived completely with primary healing. 9 cases were followed up for 6-12 months( average, 9 months). The flaps had good match with surrounding tissue in texture and color. The function of ankle was normal. All the parents were satisfied with functional and cosmetic results.

CONCLUSIONSIt is a safe and practical method for treatment of small skin defect on children heel with adjacent V-Y advanced flap pedicled with perforator of peroneal artery at posterior lateral malleolus.

Ankle ; Child ; Fibula ; Heel ; injuries ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Tibial Arteries ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo summarize the therapeutic effect of free perforator hypothenar flap for thumb pulp defect.

METHODSFrom Jun. 2012 to Mar. 2013,8 cases with thumb pulp defect accompanied with exposure of phalanges ans tendons were treated by free ipsilateral perforator hypothenar flap. The flaps were 1.4 cm x 2.0 cm-1.8 cm x 2.2 cm in size. Ulnar finger artery in the flap was anastomosed with thumb artery. The accompanied veins and superficial veins were respectively anastomosed with thumb dorsal veins. Nerve branches in flaps were sutured with unilateral finger nerve to reconstruct flap feeling with 9-0 thread. Wounds in the hypothenar donor site were sutured directly.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 8 cases (8 fingers) were followed up for 6-13 months (average 9 months). The flaps appearance, texture were good. The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 7-10 mm. The active and passive movement of thumb joints was normal. There was no complain about the feeling at the donor site. Linear scar was left on the donor site. Patients hand grip strength was not decreased.

CONCLUSIONSThe free perforator hypothenar flap which has constant vascular anatomy is a new method for thumb soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site. The operative procedures are relatively simple.

Cicatrix ; etiology ; Finger Phalanges ; Fingers ; blood supply ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Tendons ; Thumb ; injuries ; Ulnar Artery ; surgery ; Veins ; Wound Healing

Microbial lipase,one of important industrial biocatalysts,has been used widely in many industrial and agricultural fields.It is always the research focus to screen,mine and develop the microbial lipases with novel catalytic activity and high stability.This paper introduces briefly the pathways and methods to mine novel microbial lipase resources from six aspects,including extremophile,metagenome,genome database,protein engineering,immobilization,chemical modification,etc.

Microbial lipases are important industrial biocatalysts with the character of stereoselectivity,site selectivity and high catalytic activity with few side effects.They have been used widely in many industrial and agricultural fields.The technology of protein engineering has been successfully applied to improve the activity and stability of microbial lipases,which will raise the competitive capacity of microbial lipase preparations and enlarge theirs application fields.The strategies,the problems and the prospects of protein engineering technology which have been applied to modify the microbial lipases was surveied.

Objective To investigate the onset of left ventricular remodeling (LVRM) after acute myocardium infarction (AMI) and its changes within 6 hours in dogs on echocardiography. Methods AMI was induced in 14 dogs by ligating the left anterior descending arteries. Eight myocardium infarcted models were successful and were sacrified for pathological study. The indices of LVRM: wall infarction thickness (WIT), the wall motion score index (WMSI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated before and 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h and 6 h after operation. Results Compared with the pre-operation, WIT and LVEF were decreased (P<0.01), LVESV and WMSI were increased (P<0.01), and LVEDV was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) at every time point after operation. WIT had no significant difference at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5h and 6h after operation (P＞0.05). LVEDV, LVESV were higher (P<0.05) and LVEF was lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01) at 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h than at 1 h, and 2 h after operation. WMSI was higher at 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, and 6 h than at 1h (P<0.05). Conclusions In our experiment, LVRM occurred at 1 h after AMI in dogs. Thus echocardiography may evaluate early LVRM.

Objective To investigate the effect of emulsified isoflurane anesthesia on the expression of hippocampal amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and phosphorylation of Tau protein in rats.Methods Seventy-two healthy Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group (group C,n =12),fat emulsion group (group E,n =12),and 8％ emulsified isoflurane group (group EI,n =48).30％ fat emulsion and 8％ emulsified isoflurane 0.15 ml/100 g were slowly injected via the tail vein in groups E and EI,respectively.Morris water maze test was performed 6 days before anesthesia.Twelve animals in each group were chosen at 2 h after administration (T1) in E group,at the corresponding time points in C group,or at T1 and 1,7 and 14 days after administration (T2-4) in EI group and underwent spatial probe tests,and the escape latency was measured.The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1％ pentobarbital sodium 4 g/100 g after the end of Morris water maze test.Blood samples were taken for determination of the plasma S100 protein concentration.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of the expression of hippocampal Aβ and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein by immunohistochemistry.Results The escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shorter on 3rd,4th and 5th days than those on 1st day of place navigation test before anethesia (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with group C,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened at T1,and the plasma S100 protein concentration was decreased at T4 in group EI (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the each parameter of Morris water maze test,plasma S100 protein concentration,and expression of Aβ and p-Tau protein in group E (P ＞ 0.05).The escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shorter and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was longer at T2-T4 than at T1 in group EI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Emulsified isoflurane anesthesia exerts no effect on the expression of hippocampal Aβ and phosphorylation of Tau protein,indicating that hippocampal Aβ and Tau protein are not involved in emulsified isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of adiponectin levels with its related mechanism in diabetic myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemia post-conditioning in experimental rats. Methods: A total of 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Normal sham (NS) group,n=8, Normal ischemia-reperfusion injury (NIRI) group,n=16, Normal ischemia post-conditioning (NIPO) group,n=16 and Diabetic mellitus sham (DMS) group,n=8, Diabetic mellitus ischemia-reperfusion injury (DMIRI) group,n=16, Diabetic mellitus ischemic post-conditioning (DMIPO) group,n=16. DM rats model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin; IR model was established by occlusion of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120min; IPO model was established by 3 cycles of ischemia for 10s and reperfusion for10s; the rats in Sham group received silk line wrapping of LAD without occlusion. The myocardial infarction (MI) area was measured by TTC staining, plasma adiponectin level was examined by ELISA, the protein expressions of p-Akt and total-Akt were detected by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with NIRI group, NIPO group had decreased MI area,P<0.05, while DMIRI group and DMIPO group had increased MI area,P<0.01; compared with NS group, NIRI group and NIPO group showed up-regulated expression of adiponectin and p-Akt,P<0.05 and DMS group showed down-regulated p-Akt,P<0.05. Compared with NIPO group, three DM groups presented down-regulated adiponectin and p-Akt,P<0.05. Linear correlation analysis indicated that plasma adiponectin expression level was negatively related to MI area and positively related to myocardial tissue p-Akt expression with the correlation coefifcient at 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, P<0.01. Conclusion: Down-regulated plasma adiponectin expression may cause the inactivation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway and therefore aggravate DM ischemia-reperfusion injury which cannot be protected by ischemic post-conditioning in experimental rats.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution and drug resistance evolution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in nine tertiary hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide reliable basis for rational selection of antibiotics in clinic. Methods Using the drug sensitive paper method or instrument method, the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out in nine tertiary hospitals in different regions according to the unified technical scheme. The results were judged according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint standard in 2021, and use WHONET5.6 for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 12 003 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from bloodstream infection samples in the past five years, including 7 442 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (62.0%) and 4562 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (38.0%), with an increasing trend in the number of isolated strains; of these, 163 strains (1.4%) were isolated from outpatients and 11 840 strains (98.6%) were isolated from inpatients. The top three gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, of which 309 strains (4.2%) were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN), 29 strains (0.4%) carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and 19 strains (0.3%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, and the number of CR-KPN was on the rise year by year. The top three Gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, of which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected for 213 strains, accounting for 27.7%, and decreased from 40.0% in 2017 to 23.4% in 2021, showing a downward trend year by year. No vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci were found. Conclusions The detection and composition of bloodstream infection pathogenic bacteria in multicenter have not changed much in the past five years, but each hospital has its own characteristics. The number of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased year by year, which should be paid more attention.