Objective To measure and conduct statistic analysis of normal eyes by Pentacam. Methods Two hundred and twenty-one healthy people (442 eyes) underwent examinations of Pentacam, and they were divided into 5 groups by age: <40 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 40-49 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 50-59 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 60-69 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes) and >70 years old group (21 people, 42 eyes). Results With the increase of age, there were significant differences in chamber volume, chamber angle and anterior chamber depth among age groups (P<0.05). In elder age groups, there were significant differences in these parameters between males and females (P<0.01). Conclusion Anterior segment parameters are significantly correlated with age. After 60 years old, the anterior segment parameters become significantly different with gender.

Objective:To explore risk factors of skin pruritus in peritoneal dialysis patients and the effect of individualized care intervention, to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods:The total of 87 patients with peritoneal dialysis who were followed-up with pruritus in the Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pruritus, and the patients were divided into two groups: mild-to-moderate skin pruritus group (VAS≤6 points) and severe skin pruritus group (VAS>6 points). The risk factors of severe skin pruritus were analyzed by single factor and multivariate Logistic regression. The improvement of skin pruritus after 3 months of individualized nursing intervention was observed.Results:Among the 87 patients, the mild-to-moderate skin pruritus group and the severe skin pruritus group accounted for 64.4%(56/87) and 35.6%(31/87), respectively. Single factor analysis showed that the age, prevalence of diabetes, serum albumin, serum phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone and C-reactive protein levels were (61.8 ± 11.5) years old, 33.3%(19/56), (36.3 ± 5.3) g/L, (1.6 ± 0.5) mmol/L, 328.4(144.9, 494.5) ng/L, 2.8(0.6, 8.3) ng/L in the mild-to-moderate skin pruritus group, and (67.0 ± 9.2) years old, 61.1%(19/31), (33.9 ± 4.8) g/L, (1.9 ± 0.3) mmol/L, 397.0(300.0,758.6) ng/L, 7.2(2.6, 17.2) mg/L in the severe skin pruritus group, the differences were significant between the two groups ( t values were -2.17, 2.14, -2.32, Z values were -2.28, -2.90, χ 2 value was 6.07, P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that low albumin, high blood phosphorus and high C-reactive protein were independent risk factors for severe skin pruritus in peritoneal dialysis patients ( P<0.05). After 3 months of individualized care,18.4% (16/87) patients had complete remission,19.5% (17/87) patients significantly relieved, 55.2% (48/87) relieved, 6.9% (6/87) were ineffective, and the total response rate was 93.1%(81/87). Conclusions:More than one-third of peritoneal dialysis patients with pruritus are severe. Lower serum albumin, higher serum phosphorus and higher C-reactive protein are independent risk factors for severe pruritus in peritoneal dialysis patients. Individualized care can effectively improve pruritus in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Ischemic tolerance exists in many organs, among which the cerebral ischemic tolerance and its potential clinical applications are most notable. The discovery of new triggers of cerebral ischemic tolerance has brought more interesting insights into the molecular mechanisms. The remote ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological induction of cerebral ischemic tolerance have shown promising clinical safety and feasibility, and therefore may be important breakthroughs in the clinical application of cerebral ischemic tolerance.
Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Erythropoietin ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods

Objective To study the interobserver variabilities and the differential diagnosis value of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-US) lexicon for small ( ≤ 2 cm) breast nodules. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2011, 289 patients with small (≤2 cm) breast nodules (n=317) were included. According to sizes, the lesions were divided into two groups, i.e., 0-1 cm (n=160) group and 1-2 cm (n=157)group. Each lesion was described independently by 3 radiologists using BI-RADS-US lexicon. Interobserver variabilities were assessed by Kappa test. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency difference of the descriptors between malignant and benign lesions. Sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negtive predictive value were calculated. Results (1)Moderate agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, surrounding tissue and calciifcations (κ=0.44, 0.57, 0.48, 0.43, 0.51 and 0.57) in 0-1 cm group. Substantial agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin and echo pattern (κ=0.65, 0.61, 0.64 and 0.63) in 1-2 cm group. (2)Irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo and microcalciifcations were more frequently found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 0-1 cm group [52.3% (34/65) vs 20.0% (19/95), 38.5%(25/65) vs 13.7%(13/95), 75.4%(49/65) vs 32.6%(31/95), 18.6%(12/65) vs 0 (0/95) and 10.8%(7/65) vs 2.1%(2/95);χ2=18.19, 13.08, 28.22, 16.39 and 3.95;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.047]. Similarly, irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were signiifcantly more frequent found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 1-2 cm group [74.2%(49/66) vs 12.1%(11/91), 36.3%(24/66) vs 5.5%(5/91), 93.9%(62/66) vs 22.0%(20/91), 37.9%(25/66) vs 3.3%(3/91), 30.3%(20/66) vs 7.7%(7/91), 15.2%(10/66) vs 0 (0/91) and 16.7%(11/66) vs 4.4%(4/91);χ2=62.59, 24.21, 79.40, 31.22, 13.73, 12.30 and 6.67;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.010]. (3)In both groups, a good sensitivity was demonstrated (75.4%&93.9%) when using the non-circumscribed margin as a criterion for malignancy, and high speciifcity was achieved in two groups (80.0%-100%and 87.9%-100%) when other descriptors including irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were used as differentiation criteria. Conclusions Good interobserver agreement can be achieved using the BI-RADS-US lexicon in the diagnosis of small breast nodules. Non-circumscribed margin are proved as the most valuable sign for screening malignant breast lesions ≤ 2 cm. High speciifcity was found for irregular shape, nonparallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, Cooper′s ligament changes and microcalciifcations, which can help biopsy and preoperative diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of point-of-care hemoglobin/hematocrit (POC HGB/HCT) devices and intraoperative blood salvage on the amount of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion and blood conservation in clinical practice.Methods A total of 46 378 medical records of 22 selected hospitals were reviewed. The volume of allogeneic red blood cell and plasma, number of patients transfused, number of intraoperative autologous blood salvage, total volume of autologous blood transfusion, and amount of surgery in the year of 2011 and 2013 were tracked. Paired t-test was used in intra-group comparison, while t-test of two isolated samples carried out in inter-group comparison. P<0.05 was defined as statistically significant difference.Results In the hospitals where POC HGB/HCT device was used (n=9), the average allogeneic blood transfusion volume per 100 surgical cases in 2013 was significantly lower than that in 2011 (39.86±20.20 vs. 30.49±17.50 Units, t=3.522, P=0.008). In the hospitals without POC HGB/HCT meter, the index was not significantly different between 2013 and 2011. The average allogeneic blood transfusion volume was significantly reduced in 2013 than in 2011 in the hospitals where intraoperative autologous blood salvage ratio [autologous transfusion volume/(autologous transfusion volume+allogeneic transfusion volume)] was increased (n=12, t=2.290, P=0.042). No significant difference of the above index was found in the hospitals whose autologous transfusion ratio did not grow.Conclusion Intraoperative usage of POC HGB/HCT devices and increasing autologous transfusion ratio could reduce perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion.

?AIM:To observe the values and changing rules of angle Kappa in corneal refractive surgery under light and dark conditions.?METHODS:Two hundred and thirty-four eyes of 118 patients for corneal refractive surgery were enrolled for this study.Pupil diameters and angle Kappa values under light and dark conditions were measured by Keratron Scout corneal topography.?RESULTS: There were significant differences in pupil diameters between light and dark conditions (P<0.01). More angle Kappa of both eyes distributed in the superior nasal quadrant under light conditions, and more angle Kappa distributed in the superior temporal quadrant under dark conditions.The differences of horizontal and vertical offsets of angle Kappa under two conditions were statistically significant (P<0.01).?CONCLUSION: The changes of pupil diameters in light and dark conditions could affect angle Kappa and then affect the accuracy of corneal refractive surgery centered on angle Kappa.

'Bronze teeth' reflect the mechanical properties of natural teeth to a certain extent. Their mechanical properties resemble those of a tough metal, and the gradient of these properties lies in the direction from outside to inside. These attributes confer human teeth with effective mastication ability. Understanding the various mechanical properties of human teeth and dental materials is the basis for the development of restorative materials. In this study, the elastic properties, dynamic mechanical properties (visco-elasticity) and fracture mechanical properties of enamel and dentin were reviewed to provide a more thorough understanding of the mechanical properties of human teeth.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Dental Enamel ; physiopathology ; Dentin ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Mastication ; Tooth ; physiopathology

Objective To study the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on expressions of K8 and K18 in duct epithelial cells of salivary gland. Methods The expressions of immediate early antigen of HCMV, K8 and K18 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining in tissues embedded in paraffin of parotid cytomegalic inclusion disease(PCID). Results Cytomegly bearing inclusion appeared in duct epithelium of PCID. DDG9/CCH2 antigen of HCMV was expressed in cytomegly bearing inclusion. K8 was negative in these cytomegly while K18 was intensively positive. Conclusion It is suggested that breaking down of K8 be induced in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV and that up-regulation of K18 may be a reactive change. Keratin network in simple epithelium functions to impart mechanical integrity to cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Splints ; Ulna Fractures ; therapy

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Radiography ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology