Molecular target-based cancer therapy is playing a more and more important role in cancer therapy because of its high specificity, good tolerance and so on. There are different kinds of molecular targeted drugs such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecular kinase inhibitors, and more than 50 drugs have been approved since 1997. When the first monoclonal antibody, rituximab, was on the market. The development of molecular target-based cancer therapeutics has become the main approach. Based on this, we summarized the drugs approved by FDA and introduced their mechanism of actions and clinical applications. In order to incorporate most molecular targeted drugs and describe clearly various characteristics, we divided them into four categories: drugs related to EGFR, drugs related to antiangiogenesis, drugs related to specific antigen and other targeted drugs. The purpose of this review is to provide a current status of this field and discover the main problems in the molecular targeted therapy.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the caries status of the first permanent molar and primary tooth among 7- to 9-year-old children in Tangshan city and the correlation between caries of primary tooth and the first permanent molar.

METHODSA stratified cluster sampling method was used on the basis of the Basic Approach of Oral Health Survey of WHO and the Guideline of the Third National Oral Health Survey. A total of 10 primary schools were randomly sampled in clusters that included 51 primary school sampling spots in Tangshan. The caries status of 1 794 children aged 7 years to 9 years was examined.

RESULTSThe prevalence rate of the first permanent molar caries was 47.49% (852/1 794), the mean number of DMFT was 1.30 ± 1.59, the mean number of DMFS was 1.96 ± 3.40, and the filling rate was only 2.35% (20/852). The preva- lence rate and mean DMFT of the first permanent molar caries showed significant difference between different ages and genders (P < 0.05). However, the mean DMFS of the first permanent molar caries only showed significant difference between the various ages (P < 0.05). The prevalence rate of the primary tooth caries was 83.11% (1 491/1 794), the mean number of dmft was 4.82 ± 3.55, the mean number of dmfs was 6.51 ± 5.61, and the filling rate was 12.41% (185/1 491). Caries of primary tooth was the first permanent molar caries risk factor [r = 0.277, OR = 5.736, P = 0.00, 95% CI (4.175, 7.881)]. Significant correlation was found between the caries of primary tooth and first permanent molar (r = 0.274, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONCaries status of the first permanent molar among 7- to 9-year-old children in Tangshan city is serious. Caries status of primary tooth may play an important role in predicting the first permanent molar caries in clinic and prevention.

Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Ear, Inner ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Compared with normal tissues and cells, the tumor microenvironment has significant differences. For example, glutathione-related metabolic enzymes and reactive oxygen species are highly expressed in different subcellular structures, resulting in an unbalanced redox state. Aiming at the specific redox state in tumor tissues and cells, a series of small molecule prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles can be designed and connected by intelligent response linkers including disulfide bonds, sulfide bonds, and selenium bonds, thioketal bonds, etc. The in vitro and in vivo efficiency and metabolic mode of these nanoparticles are related to the type of linker. This review will summarize the tumor redox microenvironment, the design of intelligent responsive small molecule prodrug nanoparticles, and the metabolic pathways of small molecule prodrug nanoparticles with different connecting linkers and their relationship with drug efficacy.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of △Np63α in predicting tumor recurrence after curative resection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.Methods We analyzed △Np63α protein cxpression in 304 clinicopathologically characterized ESCC cases by immunohistochemistry.Results We found △Np63α expression was positive in 122 (40％) of 304 cases.△Np63α expression was higher in the cancer tissue than in non-tumorous control tissue at protein level(P =0.034).There was a significant difference of △Np63α expression in patients categorized according to invasive depth (P =0.001),tumor position (P =0.001) and lymph nodes metastasis condition (P =0.001).Multivariate analyses showed that △Np63α was an independent prognostic marker for ESCC recurrence.Conclusion △Np63α is associated with outcome of ESCC and can be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of ESCC patients after curative resection.

Objective To prove that valve sparing aortic root reconstruction may have an impact on the outcome and longevity of the repair for patients with acute type A aortic dissection.Methods Clinical data of 98 consecutive AAAD patients undergoing the valve sparing aortic root reconstruction were analyzed.The postoperative follow-up and the clinical effect of the procedure were retrospectively analyzed.Results Pre-operative grade of aortic insufficiency was(2.3 ± 0.5), CPB-time was (217.8 ± 43.1)min, aortic cross clamp time was(142.7 ± 37.4)min and stay on ICU (11.1 ± 5.7) days, while hospitalisation was(14.3 ± 3.2) days.8 patients(8.2％) died peri-operatively.None of the early deaths were valve-related.Rethoracotomy rate was 3.1％.All patients followed up(19.3 ± 7.6) (6-68) months.Survival at 1 year was 90.8％.Freedom from valvular reoperation was 97.9％ at 3 years.At last investigation, mean grade of aortic insufficiency for AADA was 0.5 ± 0.3 (0-3).Conclusion Regardless of the underlying indication, the aortic valve preserving reimplantation technique can be performed with favourable functional results.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of the flowable resin used as pit and fissure sealant using different etching adhesive systems.Methods:60 caries-free extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =1 5)and treated by Gluma, NT and 3M-Z350 flowable resin(group A);Clearifil SE Bond adhesive and 3M-Z350 flowable resin(group B),phosphoric acid etching,3M-Z350 flowable resin and phosphoric acid etching(group C)and 3Mconcise sealant(group D)respectively.After pro-cessing the tooth surface the pit and fissue of 1 0 sample in each group were sealed.The microleakage was measured by 1 % methyl-ene blue staining(n =8).The material-enamel interface was observed by SEM(n =2).The shear bond strength of the column-shaped samples with the diameter and the height of 3 mm(n =5)on the mesial or dental surface was examined by a test machine. The sealant cartridges and flowable resin cartridges with the diameter and height of 4 mm were used for the crushing strength exami-nation(n =1 0).Results:There was no significant difference in the microleakage among the 4 groups.SEMobservation showed that the resin tags of group A were long and dense and the resin tags of group B were short and sparse,bubbles and cracks were found on the local site in group A and B.The resin tags of group C were long and thin,but combined with tooth tightly;the resin tags of group D were short and dense;the penetration was poor at the bottom of the fissures in the 4 groups.The shear bond strength of Group A was the highest(P <0.01 ),that of group C was higher than that of group B and D(P <0.05).There was no significantly difference between group B and D(P >0.05).The compressive strength of flowable resin groups was higher than that of fissure seal-ant group(P <0.05).Conclusion:The shear bond strength and compressive strength of all-etching bonding system combined with flowable resin is superior to that of self-etching bonding system combined with flowable resin and the traditional sealant.Using Prime&Bond NT bond after acid etching may improve the shear bonding strength.

AIM:To investigate the effect and the mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang Pill(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Fructus Corni,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,Rhizoma Anemarrhenae,Cortex phellodendri Chinensis,etc.) on patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Eighty-five hyperthyroid patients were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(40 cases) were treated with propylthiouracil,while the treatment group(45 cases) were treated with propylthiouracil and Zhibai Dihuang Pill;in the 12-week long treatment period,the heart rate,body weight,thyroid free FT_3、FT_4 and TSH and the serum level of FAA,resistin,adiponectin,leptin of patients in both groups were measured. RESULTS: After treatment,the heart rate,the serum of FT_3,FT_4 decreased and the body weight,TSH increased in both groups(P0.05).(CONCLUSION): Zhibai Dihuang Pill can improve the abnormal metabolism of sugar and fat in patients with hyperthyroidism by its actions on the serum level of FFA,resistin,adiponectin,leptin.

Purpose To study the expression of HNF-1β in different type ovarian carcinoma and to explore the diagnostic value of HNF-1β in the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the ex-pression of HNF-1βin 27 clear cell carcinomas, 35 high-grade serous carcinomas, 21 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 10 mucious carci-nomas, 13 metastatic Krukenberg tumors, and 2 transitional carcinomas. Results All of ovarian clear cell carcinomas variably ex-pressed HNF-1β and the positive rate of HNF-1β in ovarian cleat cell carcinoma was 85. 2%. Of 21 ovarian serous carcinomas, the nuclear positive of HNF-1β was 4 and HNF-1βpositive rate was 2. 9%. There was 5 HNF-1βexpression in endometrioid adenocarci-noma and the positive rate of HNF-1β was 23. 8%. The positive rate of HNF-1β in mucious carcinoma and metastatic Krukenberg tumor was 60. 0% and 53. 8%, respectively. No HNF-1βexpression was seen in transtional cell carcinoma. The sensitivity and speci-ficity of HNF-1β in the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma was 85. 2% and 76. 5%. Conclusions HNF-1β may be a higher sensitive marker for the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. The diffuse and strong positive of HNF-1βmay have higher specific for diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.