Objective To explore the psychomotor development in 12 month old infants born after in vitro fertilization with a control group of infants concieved naturally.Methods A matched control study was performed on psychomotor development of 12-month-old infants concieved with use of assisted reproductive technology(in vitro fertilization only).The control group was matched according to maternal age,parity,social class and level of parental education.The suitable mothers were invited to participate at the 28th week of gestation and were followed up to delivery.The infants of the two groups were followed up to 12 months old and a formal developmental assessment was done with the Children Development Center of China(CDCC) scales of infant development.Results The incidences of preterm birth,low birth weight and twin pregnancy were significantly higher in the assisted conception group.No statistically significant difference was found in the mental development index and psychomotor development index between assisted conception and control groups.Conclusions The levels of psychomotor development in 12 months old infants born after in vitro fertilization are normal.But as the incidences of preterm birth,low birth weight and multifetation are significantly higher in vitro fertilization group,it need to follow up the ongoing development of these children.

The technique of liquisolid compress is a new technique developed in 1990s, which was considered to be the most promising technique to improve the dissolution of water-insoluble drugs. In this article, tanshinone II(A) and the extracts of the ester-solubility fractions were chosen as the model drugs to evaluate the effects of the liquisolid technique for enhancement of dissolution properties of tanshinone II(A). Several liquisolid tablets (LS) formulations containing different dosage of drugs and various liquid vehicle were pre-pared and for all the formulations, microcrystalline cellulose and silica were chosen as the carrier and coating materials to evaluate their flow properties, such as angle of repose, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. The interaction between drug and excipients in prepared LS compacts were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The dissolution curves of tanshinone II(A) from liquisolid compacts were investigated to determine the technique's effect in improving the dissolution of tanshinone II(A) and its impacting factors. According to the results, the dissolution increased with the rise in the dissolution of the liquid-phase solvent. The R-value and drug dosage can significantly affect the drug release, but with less impact on active fractions. This indicated that liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-soluble drugs, and can make a synergistic effect with other ester-soluble constituents and bettern improve the release of tanshinone II(A). Therefore, the technique of liquisolid compress will have a better development prospect in traditional Chinese medicines.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To evaluate the effects of rebuilding stove and health education on preventing coal-burning fluorosis and arsenic poisoning in Shaanxi in 2005.Methods According to "Scheme of Impmving Stove in Preventing Coal-burning Fluorosis and Arsenic Poisoning of Shaanxi in 2005",the initial meeting was convened,while liability contracts were signed,leading and technical guiding groups were established,professional training was carried out.On the basis of the epidemiologic data,stoves were improved in 7 chosen counties in Ankang and Hanzhong City where the health education in several modalities was carried out.The project was checked and accepted when the work was completed.Thirty children in fourth grade were randomly selected in one primary school of each county.Fifleen adults aged 16 years old were chosen randomly in each village in each country.They were asked to answer the questionnaire about the health knowledge.Results There were 955 322 stoves improved in 7 countries in Ankang and Hanzhong City accounting for rebuilding stove was 100%(95 322/95 314).The awareness rates of health knowledge were 88%(444/508)in the adults and 100%(210/210)in children.Conclusions The government mangement leadership,the cooperation between the related departments, the participation of residents and the assufance of fund are the essentials in long lasting control of endemic diseases.

Objective To observe the survival, migration and differentiation of adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells and the recovery of motor function of ischemic rats after ADAS cell transplantation. Methods Eighteen adult male SD rats, weighted about 250-300 g, were chosen and received left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation. And then, they were equally randomized into untreated group, control group and ADAS cell transplantation group. Tail vein injection of Dulbecco's modified eagles medium (DMEM) and ADAS cells were performed in the control group and ADAS cell transplantation group 3 h after MCAO, respectively. These animals were euthanized 14 d after MCAO. Immunofluorescence for BrdU, NSE, MAP-2 and GFAP were processed to identify the survival, migration and differentiation of grafted ADAS cells in the brain, and at the same time, scores of neurological deficit scale were used to assess the improvement of motor function. Results After the transplantation, numerous ADAS cells labeled with BrdU were presented in the ischemic points and surrounding areas. A few BrdU/GFAP, BrdU/NSE and BrdU/MAP-2 -positive cells were noted in the ischemic points of ADAS transplantation group 14 d after MCAO. The neurological functional recovery in the ADAS cell transplantation group was significantly improved as compared with that in the control group 14 d after MCAO (P＜0.05). Conclusion ADAS cells can migrate into the ischemic hemisphere and differentiate into neuron-like and astrocytic-like cells after the injection by venous approach in the rat models with MCAO. The intravenous administration of ADAS cells into rats with MCAO leads to good functional outcome and few lesion sizes.

Objective To explore the influence of Kangnaoye recipe preconditioning on the nerve regeneration in rats CA 1 area after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion .Methods The 150 rats were randomly divi-ded into sham -operated group , model group , high -dose Kangnaoye group, middle-dose Kangnaoye group and low -dose Kangnaoye group (24, 12, 6 g? kg -1? d-1 ).The modle of cerebral ischemia and reper-fusion ( I/R) was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) and recanalization.Neurological symptom score were evaluated .HE stai-ning of the cells was used to observe the morphology changes in hippo-campus CA1 area.Glial ibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) protein and Nestin protein were observed by immunohistochemical method in CA 1 area.Results Compared with model group , neurological symptom score of Kangnaoye recipe preconditioning group were decreased and the result was significant ( P<0.01 ) .The groups pretreated with Kangnaoye had a lower expression of GFAP than the model group ( P<0.01 ) and the expression of the Nestin of groups pretreated with Kangnaoye were signifi-cantly higher than the model group (P<0.01) at the time of the 1,3,7 and 14 d after cerebral ischemia.Conclusion The Kangnaoye recipe preconditioning had protective effects on the pathological morphological changing ,it may be associated with promoting the neural stem cells regenera-tion and differentiation as well as inhibition the formation of fibrous scar .

Objective: To prepare monoclonal antibodies (McAb) with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) which was purified from fresh human cardiac muscle within 6 h. Methods: (1) Extraction and purification of human cTnI: cTnI was purified by high salt extraction, saltless precipitation, 65℃ treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, etc. (2) Preparation of anti human cTnI McAb: The purified cTnI was injected into the spleen of BALB/c mice. The cTnI-primed spleen cells were fused with Sp2/0 myoloma cell. The McAbs anti human cTnI were obtained by screening with indirect ELISA and 3 times clone. (3)The identification of anti cTnI McAb. Results: Five hybridoma cell lines, named 3A7，3A11，3D2，3F10 and 1H9 were developed, which could secret McAb stably. The 5 McAbs all were demonstrated to be IgG2a by double gel diffusion test. The number of hybridoma chromosomes was between 92 to 110 and the chromosomes were mainly telocentric. Five kinds of ascites had no cross-reaction to LDH，CK，CK-MB ，AST and cardiac troponin T(cTnT), and their titers were between 3.2×10-6 to 1.6×10-7. Conclusion: 3D2，3F10 and 3A7,3A11,1H9 react to different epitopes of cTnI.

Objective: To prepare monoclonal antibodies (McAb) with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) which was purified from fresh human cardiac muscle within 6 h. Methods: (1) Extraction and purification of human cTnI: cTnI was purified by high salt extraction, saltless precipitation, 65℃ treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, etc. (2) Preparation of anti human cTnI McAb: The purified cTnI was injected into the spleen of BALB/c mice. The cTnI-primed spleen cells were fused with Sp2/0 myoloma cell. The McAbs anti human cTnI were obtained by screening with indirect ELISA and 3 times clone. (3)The identification of anti cTnI McAb. Results: Five hybridoma cell lines, named 3A7，3A11，3D2，3F10 and 1H9 were developed, which could secret McAb stably. The 5 McAbs all were demonstrated to be IgG2a by double gel diffusion test. The number of hybridoma chromosomes was between 92 to 110 and the chromosomes were mainly telocentric. Five kinds of ascites had no cross-reaction to LDH，CK，CK-MB ，AST and cardiac troponin T(cTnT), and their titers were between 3.2×10-6 to 1.6×10-7. Conclusion: 3D2，3F10 and 3A7,3A11,1H9 react to different epitopes of cTnI.

AIM:To explore the protective effect of morinda officinalis oligosaccharides monomer HexB on hy -poxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelia cells(HUVECs).METHODS:HUVECs were treated with HexB,4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)and thapsigargin(TG),respectively.The cells were divided into control group,HexB group,H/R group,HexB+H/R group,4-PBA+H/R group,TG group and HexB+TG group.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)related molecules chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),apoptosis-related protein caspase-12 and phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(p-JNK).RESULTS: The viability of HUVECs was reduced in H/R group and TG group(P<0.05),increased in HexB+H/R,4-PBA+H/R and HexB+TG group(P<0.05).The apoptotic rate,the protein levels of GRP78,CHOP,caspase-12 and p-JNK were increased in H/R group and TG group(P<0.05),weakened in the HexB+H/R group(P<0.05),4-PBA+H/R group and HexB+TG group(P<0.05).No significant change in the apoptotic rate,cell viability,protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-JNK between HexB +H/R group and 4-PBA+H/R group was observed.CONCLUSION:HexB attenuates HUVECs injury caused by H/R through suppressing ERS and ap-optosis.The possible mechanism may be involved in the apoptotic pathways related to GRP 78,CHOP,caspase-12 and p-JNK.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility, safety and diagnostic accuracy of pharmacologic stress of (99m)Technetium-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with intravenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

METHODSThe study group included 263 patients who were suspected of having coronary artery disease. All patients underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging with ATP infusion (0.16 mg/kg body weight per min for 5 min). 20 mCi of (99m)Tc-MIBI were injected 3 minutes after the start of ATP infusion. Myocardial SPECT images were obtained 60 minutes later. Then, two days later, 20 mCi of (99m)Tc-MIBI were administered at rest and myocardial SPECT was repeated. 51 patients also underwent coronary angiography within two weeks for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of ATP-myocardial perfusion imaging in detection of coronary artery disease. The occurrence of cardiac and non-cardiac adverse effects was carefully monitored during and after intravenous ATP infusion.

RESULTSThe ATP infusion protocol was completed in all patients. Although 59% of the patients had various kinds of adverse effects, most of them were mild. No patient required aminophyline. The most severe adverse effect was second degree type II atria-ventricular block (4/263), but all events were transient. The sensitivity and specificity of ATP-myocardial perfusion imaging were 97% and 82%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIt is shown that (99m)Technetium-MIBI SPECT with intravenous ATP is a safe and feasible technique for detecting coronary artery disease in patients unable to perform the exercise test.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; Female ; Heart ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of ethylbenzene on oxidative damage, ultrastructure and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes in the rat brain tissues.

METHODSFour groups of 10 males of Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly, and inhaled daily with different doses of ethylbenzene: 0, 433.5 mg/m³, 4335.0 mg/m³, and 6500.0 mg/m³ 6 h daily, 5 days per week for 13 weeks. The contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assayed, respectively. The ultrastructure of brain tissues was observed via electron microscope. The gene expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in brain tissues were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively.

RESULTSThe contents of MDA [(2.03 ± 0.56), (4.17 ± 1.31) nmol/mg pro] in the brain tissues of 4335.0 mg/m³ and 6500.0 mg/m³ ethylbenzene-treated groups were significantly higher than that [(1.08 ± 0.26) nmol/mg pro] in the control group (P < 0.05), while AChE activities [(0.321 ± 0.066), (0.276 ± 0.031), (0.202 ± 0.041) U/mg] and GSH contents [(35.19 ± 15.08), (33.42 ± 15.32), (27.99 ± 7.53) mg/g pro] in all ethylbenzene-treated groups were remarkably depressed (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). After 6500.0 mg/m³ ethylbenzene inhalation, the nucleolus exhibit demilune with decreased mitochondria. Electrondense of myelin occurred in the injured nerve, ascribing to lipid peroxidationed membrane. The gene expression level of Bax in brain tissue of 4335.0 mg/m³ and 6500.0 mg/m³ ethylbenzene-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the gene expression levels of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in all ethylbenzene-treated groups were enhanced (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively), while bcl-2 gene expression levels in all ethylbenzene-treated groups were decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEthylbenzene can induce oxidative damage and apoptosis in brain tissues. The apoptotic mechanism might be involved with up-regulation of Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as restraint of Bcl-2.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Benzene Derivatives ; toxicity ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism