Objective To explore the effect of long-term alcohol consumption on morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) and its association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in males with hypertension. Methods According to the findings of our questionnaire survey, 199 male patients with hypertension were divided into non-drinking, giving up drinking and mild, moderate and heavy drinking groups. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), heart rate (HR) and body mass index (BMI) were examined in all patients. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography were performed and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were calculated. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 software. Results The FPG, TC, TG, HDL,LDL HR, BMI and other parameters had no significant differences among the 5 groups (P>0. 05). The levels of 24- hour mean systolic blood pressure(24h SBP), daytime mean systolic blood pressure (dSBP) and nighttime mean systolic blood pressure(nSBP) in the non-drinking, giving up drinking and mild drinking groups were significantly lower than those in the moderate and heavy drinking groups (P<0. 05). The percentages of dipper systolic blood pressure and dipper diastolic blood pressurewere significantly higher, the MBPS value, incidence of increased MBPS, LVMI and incidence of LVH were significantly lower than those in the moderate and heavy drinking groups (P<0. 05). Theabove parameters were not significantly different among non-drinking, giving up drinking andmild drinking groups (P>0. 05). The average daily alcohol consumption was positively correlated with MBPS value andLVMI in the moderate and heavy drinking groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion Long-term moderate and heavy drinking can affect the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, and aggravate MBPS and LVH in males with hypertension. The MBPS and degree of LVH increase with the increase in alcohol consumption.

Objective To collect the families with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) and analyze the clinical status and heredity features of Chinese GEFS+.Voltaged-gated sodium channel ?1 subunit(SCN1B) gene of 2 families were detected,and expect to find new mutation sites.Methods All participant in the study of 2 families members were informed of voluntary participate in this investigation,health examination and blood sampling.All 6 gene exons of proband,patients and healthy control group were sequenced.The sequencing result was compared and analyzed with the normal sequence of genomic exon fragment and exon fragment sequencing result of control group through internet(BLAST).Results 1.A new G/A heterozygous polymorphism (G181A)was found in the 181th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 3,and codon was changed from TCG to TCA,both encoding serine (Ser,S).It was synonymous mutation.2.A new G/A heterozygous polymophism(G15A)was found in the 15th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 3,and codon was changed from GAG to GAA,both encoding glutamic acid(Glu,E).It belonged to synonymous mutation.3.A new T/C heterozygous polymorphism (T37C)was found in the 37th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 6.The patients genetype were:5 cases with T/C heterozygote,3 cases with T/T homozygote,2 cases with C/C homozygote.Healthy control group were all T/T homozygote.Allele frequency distribution for T was 55.0%,and 45.0% for C.4.A new A/C heterozygous polymorphism (A81C)was found in the 81th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 6.The patients genetype were:5 cases with A/C heterozygote,3 cases with A/A homozygote,2 cases with C/C homozygote.Healthy control group were all A/A homozygote.Allele frequency distribution for A was 55.0%,and 45.0% for C.Conclusions Two new heterozygous polymorphism (G181A),(G15A) were found in SCN1B gene exon 3.Two new heterozygous polymorphism (T37C),(A81C) were found in SCN1B gene exon 6.These 4 polymorphism enriched single nucleotide polymorphism(SPN) database and provided candidate sites for the research of epilepsy susceptbility polymorphisms.

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) is a new epilepsy syndrome proposed by International League Against Epilepsy.At present,the progress of genetic studies of GEFS+ focus on gene mapping based on family analysis,many researches indicate that GEFS+ is associated with voltaged-gated sodium channel(SCN) gene mutation.This paper intends to discuss the relationship beween GEFS+ and SCN1B,SCN2B,SCN1A,SCN2A genes,mutations in order to improve the cognition about GEFS+.

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of bacterial meningitis(BM) in rabbits. Methods A total of 36 rabbits were randomly divided into m eningitis group, meningitis cefotaxime-treated group and control group. BM indu ced by escherichia coli(Ec) via cerebellomedullary cistern inoculated. Normal sa line was injected in control group. CSF was sampled in different time. The conce ntration of CSF sICAM-1 was detected by ELISA.Results 1.There was a low concentration of sICAM-1 in CSF in 85 percent of normal rabbi ts.2.In meningitis group, there was a sharp rise in the concentration of CSF sIC AM-1 at 6 hours after Ec was inoculated, reached a peak level at 12 hours, and t here was higher concentration of CSF sICAM-1 between 6 and 24 hour than that at 0 hour.3.In meningitis cefotaxime-treated group, the concentration of CSF sICAM -1 at 6 hour and 12 hours was similar to meningitis group, the time that get pe ak level was at 24 hours that at 12 hours after making use of antimicrobial agen t.The peak level was higher than meningitis group. The concentration of CSF sICA M-1 decreased markedly at 48 hours that made use of antimicrobial agent 36 hour s later,but the concentration was still higher than the peak level of meningitis group.Afterwards, with the time of making use of antimicrobial agent lengthened ,the concentration of CSF sICAM-1 decreased gradually.4.Experimental results in dicated by correlating analysis to these data that there was positive correlatio n in the concentration of CSF sICAM-1 with the brain water content.Conclusions sICAM-1 participates in the pathological process of BM, and contributes to the damage of blood brain barrier and the formation of brain edema.There is importan t significance that drugs which can resist the discharge of sICAM-1 will be impl ied. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):163-165

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the prognosis after surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC).Methods The surgical therapy and follow-up result were retrospectively analyzed on 98 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma admitted into our hospital from January 1995 to January 2005.Differences between groups were evaluated using Chi-square analysis or Student t-test according to the data type.Survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method,and using the log-rank test.Results Among 98 patients,83 patients underwent surgical treatment (radical resection in 33,palliative resection in 16,and nonresectional internal or external bile duct drainage in 34),15 patients underwent conservative therapy.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 79％,42％,and 17％ in the resection group and 88％,54％,and 24％ in the radical resection group,respectively.The 1-,3-year survival rates were 55％,and 9％ in palliative resection group,respectively,and none of the patient survived for over 5 years.There were significant differences in the survival rate among the radical resection group and the palliative resection group (log-rank test,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Radical resection improves the prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Growth of animal is largely regulated by growth hormone (GH). In this study, the GH gene was isolated and cloned from the genomic DNA library from Rongjiang pig, a Chinese local swine, using polymerase chain reaction technique. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1.903 kb genomic fragment containing Rongjiang swine GH gene has been determined. The GH gene contained five exons and four introns similar to the GH genes of other mammalians and exhibited 97%~99% identity to the GH genes of the four western meat-type breeds and nine Chinese local pigs. Polymorphism of GH genes was analyzed by using the restriction enzymes Dde I, Nar I and BsmN I in four western meat-type breeds and ten Chinese local pigs. Five polymorphic restriction sites, with Dde I at the base 622 (G/A) in exon 2 and 274 (T/C) in 5o-flank, with Nar I at 631 (G/A) in exon 2, and with BsmN I at the base 841 (T/C) in intron 2 and 1358 (A/G) in exon 4, were identified. The polymorphic restriction site at 1358 (A/G) leaded to the GH mature protein of Rongjiang pig differing from that of four western meat-type breeds and eight Chinese local breeds at the residue Val108 substituted by Ile108. According to the crystal structure of human GH mature protein, this Ile108 substitution might result in a lower affinity of GH for its receptor in Rongjiang breed.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons ; Growth Hormone ; genetics ; physiology ; Introns ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Species Specificity ; Swine

Water soluble extract (WSE) is an important index for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix (AR). In this study, the WSE of the wild AR from Shanxi province (SX) and the cultivated AR from Gansu Province (GS) were compared. The WSEs of two types of AR were determined according to the appendix of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then the WSEs were subjected to NMR analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using HCA, PCA, OPLS-DA, microarray analysis, and Spearman rank analysis. In addition, the Pearson correlation of differential metabolites were also calculated. The results showed that the WSE content of GS-AR (37.80%) was higher than that of SX-AR (32.13%). The main constituent of WSE was sucrose, and other 18 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, were also detected. Multivariate analysis revealed that SX-AR contained more choline, succinic acid, citric acid, glutamate, taurine and aspartate, while GS samples contained more sucrose, arginine and fumaric acid. In addition, the Pearson correlations between different metabolites of the two types of AR also showed apparent differences. The results suggested that the WSE of two types of AR differs not only in the content, but also in the chemical compositions. Thus, the cultivation way is important to the quality of AR. This study supplied a new method for the comparison of extract of herbal drugs.
Arginine ; analysis ; Aspartic Acid ; analysis ; Choline ; analysis ; Citric Acid ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; analysis ; Glutamic Acid ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; analysis ; Sucrose ; analysis ; Taurine ; analysis

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technology combined with cluster analysis method was used to classify 75 batches of crystalline ceftriaxone sodium into subtypes, the crystalline characteristics of each subtype were measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparing some parameters of these subtypes correlated to crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium, such as salification rate, water content in different subtypes, as well as by studying different lattice stabilities, different compatibilities with rubber closures during accelerated stability tests, the key point to improve the quality of domestic ceftriaxone sodium was disclosed. The results of this paper indicated that the fine structure of the products could be controlled well by improving the salification and crystallization process. As a result, the subtype II of ceftriaxone sodium with high stability can be produced.
Ceftriaxone ; chemistry ; classification ; Crystallization ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Powders ; Water ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on mitochondrial fission in a rat hippocampal neuron model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =42 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);vehicle group (group V);H/R group;H/R+propofol group (group H/R+P).In group V,H/R was not produced,the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide with the final concentration of 0.01％ was added,and the cells were then incubated for 6 h.In group H/R,the hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 20 h reoxygenation.In group H/R+P,propofol with the final concentration of 1 μmol/L was added at 6 h of hypoxia.At 20 h of reoxygenation,the cell apoptosis (using flow cytometry),Ca2+ concentrations in cytoplasm (with the laser scanning confocal microscope),calcineurin (CaN) activities (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and expression of mitochondrial fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission 1 (Fis1),and apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) (by Western blot) were measured.The apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptotic rate,Ca2+concentrations,CaN activities,and expression of Drp1,Fis1,Cyt c and AIF were significantly increased in H/R and H/R+P groups (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned a2+.bove in group V (P＞0.05).Compared with group H/R,the apoptotic rate,Ca+ concentrations,CaN activities,and expression of Drp1,Fis1,Cyt c and AIF were significantly decreased in group H/R+P (P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol can reduce the H/R injury to rat hippocampal neurons through inhibiting mitochondrial fission.