Objective Oxidative stress which participates in the development of diabetes and its complications can induce inflammation and increase the damage and apoptosis on cells and tissue by influencing multiple signaling pathways?Blood glucose fluctuation increased oxidative stress and aggravated damage and apoptosis on cells?The roles of glucagon?like peptide?1 ( GLP?1) receptor agonist can improve blood glucose fluctuation by playing multiple system physiological effects,such as,delaying gastric emptying,reducing appetite, food intake and body weight, enhancing glucose dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucose dependent glucagon secretion?In addition,GLP?1 can reduce oxidative stress state by reducing the reactive oxygen species, inhibiting oxidase activity,up?regulating anti?oxidative stress genes,increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes.

Objective:To prepare celecoxib nanosuspension ( CXB-NSs) and study the pharmacokinetics of CXB-NSs in rats. Methods:CXB-NSs were prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation and high pressure homogenization method. The particle size, polydispersion index ( PdI) and zeta potential of the nanosuspension were studied. Totally 12 Wistar rats were randomly divided into CXB-NSs group and CXB suspension group, and gastric drug dose was 100 mg·kg-1 . CXB concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 software. Results: The particle size, polydispersion index, zeta potential of CXB-NSs was (442. 5 ± 61. 9) nm, 0. 312 ± 0. 057 and ( -31. 6 ± 3. 9) mV, respectively. AUC (0-t) of CXB suspension and CXB-NSs was (5.13 ±0.77) and (13.51 ±3.18) mg·L-1·h, half time (t1/2) was (12.31 ±1.91) and (12.73 ±1.83) h, Tmax was (2. 48 ± 0. 37) and (1. 41 ± 0. 27) h and Cmax was (0. 94 ± 0. 31) and (2. 38 ± 0. 25) mg·L-1 , respectively. Conclusion:CXB-NSs can remarkably increase bioavailability in rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of relay flaps pedicled by perforator from digital artery for reconstruction of soft tissue defects at finger tip.

METHODSFrom Mar. 2012 to Jun. 2014, 9 cases with soft tissue defects at finger tip were reconstructed with relay flaps at one side of finger pedicled by perforator from digital artery. The flap size ranged from 1.3 cm x 1.6 cm to 1.6 cm x 2.2 cm. The defects at donor sites were covered by adjacent web perforator V-Y advanced flaps.

RESULTSAll the 18 flaps in 9 cases survived completely with primary healing both in recipient and donor sites. The patients were followed up for 5 months to 2 years ( average, 12 months) with good elasticity and cosmetic results. No pain happened in the treated finger. The 2-point discrimination distance was 7-8 mm in fingertip flaps, and 10-12 mm in web perforator flaps. Hand function was graded as excellent in 7 cases, good in 2 cases, based on ATM assessment. The affected fingers had normal temperature and cold-resistance during winter. The width and depth of web in the donor site were not affected.

CONCLUSIONSThe relay flaps pedicled by perforator from digital artery can be applied for reconstruction of soft tissue defects at finger tip. The procedure is easy with satisfactory results and reservation of main artery. No skin graft is necessary for closure of defects on donor sites.

Arteries ; Elasticity ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Fingers ; blood supply ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Time Factors ; Transplant Donor Site ; Wound Healing

Seven guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, a new compound 6-formyl-5-isopropyl-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-1H-indene (1), a new natural product 5-isopropyl-3, 7-dimethyl-1H-indene-1-one (2), along with five known compounds: guaiazulene (3), 4-formyl-7-isopropyl-10-methylazulene (4), sesquiterpene ketolactone (5), alismoxide (6) and guaia-1 (5), 6-diene (7), were isolated from gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis [MS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (DEPT), HMQC, HMBC, NOESY] and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the literatures.
Animals ; Anthozoa ; chemistry ; Azulenes ; China ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of DMF on the human liver cells (HL-7702) in vitro.

METHODSLiver cells were exposed to different concentrations of DMF (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol/L) for 12 hours. Apoptotic rate, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in liver cells were measured by FCM and western blotting respectively.

RESULTSThe increase in apoptotic rate of hepatocytes in concentration-manner was shown after DMF treatment for 12 h. After treatment the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased steadily and lower than the control group (P < 0.01), the expression of Bax showed no significant difference among the groups of different dosage by one-factor analysis of variance (P > 0.05), as the increase of the dosage of DMF. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax dropped with the dosage of DMF increasing, and the ratio in 200 mmol/L of DMF was significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.01). The new lands of procaspase-3 in 150, 200 mmol/L were observed, which demonstrated that there was active caspase-3.

CONCLUSIONDMF can induce apoptosis of cultured adult normal hepatocytes in vitro, and the mechanism might be related to the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax and the cleavage of Caspase-3.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethylformamide ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Purpose:To study the activity of toremifene and its synergistic effect with anti-tumor drugs on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549,which might be expected to provide a new mode of therapy for the clinical management of lung cancer.Methods:The cytotoxic effects of these agents on human lung cancer cell line A549 were measured by a tet- razolium-based volorimetric assay (MTT assay).Results:Toremifene can inhibit the growth of A549 cell directly.The A value of the low dose toremifene combined with anti-tumor drugs were lower than that of anti-tumor drugs alone.Toremifene combined with VCR,ADM,DDP and VP-16 showed better effects.Conclusions:Toremifene combined with chemotherapy drugs shows significant synergistic anti-tumor effect on A549 cell.This might provide experimental evidence for lung cancer therapy.

ObjectiveTo analyze literature on acupuncture-related adverse events published in periodicals in Science Citation Index (SCI) and Medllars Online(Medline).MethodsWe searched the Web of Science database and the Medline database to identify articles about the safety of acupuncture therapy.Case reports,case series,surveys and other observational studies were included if they reported factual data,but review articles,translations and clinical trials were excluded.ResultsFindings:The inclusion criteria were met by 232 articles that in total reported on 389 cases of adverse events after acupuncture.Conclusion Acupuncture therapy is relatively safe,most acupuncture-related adverse events can be avoided by standardized clinical practice.Establishment of acupuncture medical safety standard system is extremely urgent.

Objective To estimate the biological effects of leptin on human HaCaT keratinocytes and explore their molecular mechanisms.Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the proliferation of cultured HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations of leptin for 24 and 48 hours.Some HaCaT cells were classified into four groups to remain untreated,be treated with leptin (100 μg/L) and piceatannol (a specific inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation) alone or in combination for 24 hours,respectively,followed by the evaluation of cell proliferation using CCK-8 kit.Flow cytometry was performed to assess cell cycle of HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L,Western blot to determine the phosphorylation level of Erk1/2 and STAT3 in HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L for different durations.Statistical analysis was done by Student's t-test for unpaired data using GraphPad Prism 5 software.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was accelerated to different degrees after treatment with leptin of 50 and 100 μg/L for 24 and 48 hours,and the accelerating effect was in a dose-dependent manner within 24 hours (r =0.9989,P ＜ 0.05).Piceatannol apparently inhibited the promotive effect of leptin on the proliferation of HaCaT cells.There was an obvious elevation in the percentage of cells at S phase ((57.70 ± 5.88)％ vs.(42.50 ± 7.55)％,P ＞ 0.05),but a significant decrease in that at G0/G1 phase ((39.70 ± 1.57)％ vs.(45.20 ± 1.44)％,P ＜ 0.05),with a significant increase in proliferation index (0.603 ±0.0157 vs.0.564 ± 0.0144,P ＜ 0.05) in HaCaT cells treated with leptin of 100 μg/L for 24 hours compared with the untreated controls.Western blot showed that leptin of 100 μg/L markedly enhanced the phosphorylation level of STAT3 in HaCaT cells.Conclusion Leptin may upregulate the proliferation of HaCaT cells through activation of STAT3 pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of repairing ankle and calf wounds by antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery. Methods 13 cases with skin defects of ankle and calf wounds were reviewd. The defects were repaired using antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery from January 2011 to February 2013, 8 males and 5 females; aged 19 to 65 years old. Wounds were located in the ankle and calf, area which the tibial artery support contu-sioned slightly;defects were associated with exposed bone or tendon, exposed blood vessels. Of the 13 cases, 5 cases have multiple ankle fracture with blood circulation disorders, internal and external fracture fixation were performed emergency with blood ves-sels and nerves exposed, at the same time emergency line wound repair by posterior tibial artery perforating flap. The other 8 cases have no blood vessels and nerves exposure, and accepted vacuum sealing drainage emergency external fixation and flap surgery. Seven cases accepted V-Y antegrade perforating flap of posterior tibial artery, 6 cases using retrograde tibial artery perforator flap. Whose defects were ranged from 1.5 cm×2.0 cm to 9.0 cm×5.0 cm. Antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial ar-tery with 1.5 cm×3.0 cm to 14.0 cm×7.0 cm was used to repair ankle or lower leg medial defect. Antegrade flap donor site sutured directly, but retrograde flap donor site take full thickness skin graft repair from abdomen. Results Circulations of the all 13 cases were stable, with wound healing well after 2 weeks. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 24 months, average of 13 months. All flap graft survived, pedicle no bloated andcat eardeformity. Flaps were soft, no bloated appearance;color was con-sistent with normal skin. Fracture line in the 5 patients was disappeared. Bone healing time was 3.0 to 4.0 months. At the direct su-ture skin donor sites, postoperative scar was small;skin graft donor sites had no obvious scar. Postoperative ankle dorsiflexion 10° to 25°, plantar flexion 15° to 45°. Patients were extremely satisfied with the results of repair. Conclusion Using antegrade or ret-rograde posterior tibial artery perforator flap without sacrificing the main vessel, it is a simple and effective method to repair the medial malleolus and calf wounds.

Objective To research the clinical outcomes of repairing donor site of abdomen flap by V-Y flap pedicled with deep circumflex iliac artery perforator musculocutaneous.Methods Nine cases with skin defects of hand were treated with lower abdomen flap from December, 2011 to March, 2013, abdominal donor sites could not be directly sutured, and pedicled with deep circumflex iliac artery perforator musculocutaneous.The flap was 8 cm × 16 cm-12 cm × 24 cm in size.Results The average healing time of the V-Y flap pedicled with deep circumflex iliac artery perforator musculocutaneous was 17 days.The patients were followed-up for 3 months to 18 months, averaged of 9 months.The appearance and the texture of the flaps were good.Abdominal wound healing was flat, with no significant depression and navel no significant skew.Patients were satisfied with function and appearance.Conclusion This procedure is easy and effective.The treatment result is satisfactory.It is improvement for repairing donor site of tradition abdomen flap.