Objective: To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride content in aminoglycine enteric coated tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography with differential refractive detector.
Methods: Waters XBridge Amide (4.6 mm×250 mm, 3.5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase was 80% acetonitrile solution (1 000 mL containing 1 mL ammonia) at the flow rate of 1.2 mL·min^-1. Column temperature was set on 40 ℃; Injecting volume was 20 μL with differential refraction detector (RID) detection.
Results: The detection limit of glucosamine hydrochloride was 0.03 mg·mL^-1, and the limit of quantification was 0.125 mg·mL^-1. It showed a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 0.72-7.56 mg·mL^-1. The average recovery was 99.4% (RSD=0.85%,n=9). The content of glucosamine hydrochloride in 7 batches of aminosamine enteric-coated tablets was measured in the range of 93%-107%.
Conclusion: The proposed method is fast, accurate, specific and durable, and can be used for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride, which provides a reference for effectively controlling the quality of aminoxymetacin enteric-coated tablets.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of LUNX gene to marrow micrometastases of lung cancer.Methods To detect LUNX mRNA of marrow samples of 51 patients of lung cancer,4 patients of breast cancer,6 patients of lymphadenoma,3 patients of liver cancer and 22 patients of benign disease by real-time RT-PCR.Results The positive detection rate and meso-copies of lung cancer were 58.8% (30/51) and 35copies/ml respectively.The positive detection rate and meso-copies of other diseases were all 0,The positive detection rate and meso-copies of lung cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with other diseases (x~2=11.12,U_c=3.7329,P

Objective To investigate the status of knowledge and performance on Chinese Heart Failure Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline (2014 version) in general practitioners of Shanghai Pudong communities.Methods The survey was conducted from April to June in 2014 with a self-designed questionnaire.Total 390 general practitioners (GPs) in Pudong New Area were selected by cluster sampling method.The contents of questionnaire included:diagnosis and differential diagnosis,drug therapy,non drug therapy of chronic heart failure.Result Total 385 questionnaires were retrieved with a response rate of 98.7％ (385/390).The results showed that in aspect of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,373 (96.9％) Gps made the diagnosis based on history and physical examination,171 (44.4％)Gps never used BNP or NTPro-BNP tests,280 (72.7％)GPs did not know how to identify systolic or diastolic heart failure,86 (22.3％)Gps made the differential diagnosis according to the EF value.In aspects of drug therapy,the rate of beta blockers use was 10％-30％ in 284 (73.8％) Gps,149 (38.7％) Gps did not use beta blockers because of not knowing the contraindications,289 (75.1％) Gps used a maximum dose of betaloc for 25-50 mg,no one used 101-200 mg,242 (62.9％)Gps did not know the target dose of betaloc,the rate of ACEI/ARB use was 10％-30％ in 330 (85.7％) Gps,258 (67.0％) Gps would increase the dose but not knowing the target dose.The main reason for not using the target dose of Betaloc and ACEI/ARB was not knowing the dose.In aspect of non-drug therapy:240 (62.3％)Gps never heard of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and 271 (70.4％)Gps never heard of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).The senior rank GPs grasped the guideline much better than Gps with primary and intermediate professional ranks.Conclusion General practitioners in community health centers should further study the guideline of heart failure,particularly need to strengthen the knowledge and ability of drug therapy.

Objective To improve the recognition of meconium ileus and pseudohypoaldosteronism type Ⅰ and to explore the relationship between neonatal meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis.Methods The clinical and follow-up data of a premature infant with meconium ileus and pseudohypoaldosteronism type Ⅰ was analyzed.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results The child was a very low-birth weight premature infant who didn′t pass meconuim within 24 hours of birth and persistent abdominal distention was noted.Laparotomy was performed on day 4.Thick and inspissated meconium was found in the ileum with perforation.The atretic intestine was resected,and a double-barreled enterostomies was performed.On day 30,the child presented hyponatremia,hyperkalemia,high levels of plasma renin and aldosterone and was given 9 g/L salt supplementation.At 6-month age,9 g/L salt supplementation was discontinued.Anastomosis was performed at 8-month age.The child recovered with a good prognosis whose catch-up growth was obtained at 18-month age and didn′t pre-sent manifestations of cystic fibrosis.Conclusions This case could be diagnosed as meconium ileus and pseudohypoaldosteronism type Ⅰ.The relationship between neonatal meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis is different in China and the regions of Caucasian.

Objective To discuss the feasibility and benefits of staged ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy in complicated cases. Methods From May 2005 to May 2008, the staged ureteroscopic procedure was done in 56 cases for ureteric stricture, kinking, spasm or high mobility of ureteric mucosa. Encountering difficulties, with the guide wire settled in place, the endoscopic procedure was ended and a ureteral stent was set. A second ureteroscopic procedure was carried out two weeks later. Results There was no difficulty for the insertion and the advancing of the ureteroscope two weeks later in all 56 cases. Among the 41 cases previously having the ureteric calculi, the stone was pushed into the kidney by the stent in 16 cases. There was no surgical complication during the second procedure. After three months the complete evacuation rate of the calculus was 96.4%. No patient experienced a fever >39.1 ℃ after the first attempt. Conclusions For complicated cases, such as ureteric stricture, spasm, kinking and high mobility of the ureteric mucosa which hinder the safe advancing of the ureteroscope, staged ureteroscopic procedure might be a safe and effective choice.

Permeabilized cells containing trehalose synthase from Meiothermus sp.CBS-01 was immobilized by the integration of entrapment in alginate beads with cross-linking and electrostatic self-assembly coating technique.Coating on alginate beads with diazo-resin and poly(styrene sulfonate) can protect the beads from degradation in phosphate buffer,whereas cross-linking with carbodiimide improves the thermostability of trehalose synthase entrapped in alginate beads.By co-immobilization of permeabilized cells using entrapment-cross-linking- coating method,the enzyme recovery was 32%,and the optimum temperature of the enzyme was still 60℃,but the optimum pH was shifted from 6.5 to 7.In batch manner,a maximum conversion yield of 60% trehalose from maltose could be reached by the immobilized cells.Within 4 times repeated use of the immobilized cells,and each time was operated at 50℃ for 24h,more than 50% conversion yield of trehalose could be maintained with less than 20% loss of the enzyme activity.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the negative co-inhibitor programmed death-1 ( PD-1 ) and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis ( MG), by detecting the expression of PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 ( PD-L1 ) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in plasma from myasthenia gravis patients. MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 45 MG patients and 33 healthy persons without prednisone or other immunodepressant treatment during the half year ahead of withdrawal.The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on PBMCs were detected using immuno-fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry, and the concentrations of sPD-1 in plasma were measured using an ELISA kit. Results(1) The proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells, as well as CD14+ PD-L1 +monocytes of the MG group was higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences in the proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells or CD14+ PD-L1 + monocytes in the MG sub-groups between different genders or MG types. While the proportion of CD4+ PD-1 + T cells of the late-onset MG (age ≥40) group was higher than that of the early-onset MG group (age ＜40). And it was higher in the MG patients with thymoma or thymus hyperplasia than that from the MG patients with normal thymus. The proportion of CD14+ PD-L1 +monocytes from the MG patients with thymoma or thymus hyperplasia group decreased obviously compared with that of the patients with normal thymus group; but no difference could be found between the late-onset group and early-onset group. (2)The concentration of sPD-1 in the plasma from the group of MG patients was(6. 92 ±0. 72) ng/ml,which was higher than that of the healthy control group ( (3.28 ±0. 42) ng/ml),even more, it was significantly higher in the early-onset MG group than that of the late-onset MG group,there was a negative correlation( r =-0. 526, P =0. 000) between the age of onset and the concentration of sPD-1. ConclusionsThe increased expressions of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells and PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes in MG patients suggested the involvement of the couple of molecules in the pathogenesis of MG.Higher concentration of soluble PD-1 in the plasma of patients with MG suggested that it might disturb the ligation of PD-1 and PD-L1 on T cells and antigen presenting cells, which might result in the abnormal transportation of the negative modulating signal, and accelerate the pathological progress of MG.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and technical key points of genioplasty for the deformities of the chin.Methods 153 patients with chin deformities were treated with the genioplasty,and the chin was moved in any direction,including sagittally,vertically and transversely;the key points of this procedure were summarized.Results There was no severe complication such as infection or nonunion observed.15 patients had ecchymosis and faded in 2 weeks;33 patients had hypaesthesia and recovered in 12 weeks.With the 12-24 months follow-up,all the patients healed well with satisfactory aesthetic results.Conclusions The genioplasty is a reliable and efficient method for the deformities of the chin,and it can significantly improve the appearance of the chin.

Objective To study the clinicopathological features of syringomatous adenoma of the nipple (SAN).Methods The clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of four cases of SAN were described,with a review of the literature.The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SAN were also discussed.Results Among the four patients,three were female,and one was male.The mean age at onset was 42 years,and clinical course ranged from 3 months to 10 years.Clinically,SAN was manifested as an asymptomatic subcutaneous nodule,which was located in the areola of breast of female patients and in the right armpit of the male patient.Histopathologically,the tumor was located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue,composed of nests and cords of epithelial cells forming tubular structures and infiltrating the indurated stroma between smooth muscle bundles.These tubules were lined by two layers of cells and displayed a comma or tadpole shape.Keratotic microcysts were seen.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells stained positive for cytokeratin,cytokeratin 5/6,Ki67 (1％),but negative for estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,CerbB2,cytokeratin 8/18,P53 and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15).The peritubular myoepithelial cells expressed P63 and smooth muscle actin (SMA).Conclusions SAN is a rare benign tumor,which is often confused with some benign and malignant carcinomas of the breast.

Objective To study the efficacy and complications of reconstruction of failed urethro-plasty for hypospadias with pedicle flap , bladder mucosa , buccal mucosa , and biological patch . Methods 23 patients were enrolled from Jul .2005 to Dec.2011.8 patients, with good local skin condition , were performed with pedicle flap urethroplasty .The other 15 patients, with bad local skin condition or with long segment urethral stricture , were performed with free grafts , including 6 bladder mucosa , 7 buccal muco-sal and 2 biological patch. Results Of the 23 cases, 7 cases were cured by one phase operation .There were 16 (16/25) cases had complications.3 (3/16) cases were failed because of serious infection (2 pedi-cle flap, 1 bladder mucosa ) .The failed cases were implemented with urethroplasty 6 months later by the buccal mucosa installments operation .4 (4/16) cases had solitary urethral fistula (1 pedicle flap, 2 bladder mucosa, and 1 buccal mucosal), who were successfully treated with simple fistula repair 3 to 6 months later. 9 ( 9/16) cases had urethral stricture ( 2 pedicle flap , 3 bladder mucosa , 3 buccal mucosal , and 1 biologi-cal patch graft ) , who were treated with urethral sound and got good result .We had reconstructed the urethra using mucosa graft onlay urethroplasty .All of the 23 patients were followed up with an average of 14.5 ( 6-24) months.23 cases were satisfied with the stretched penis , urination and no need to expand the urethra more than 6 months.3 cases were not satisfied with penile appearance .After communication, these patients did not require a further penis orthopedic surgery . Conclusions Pedicle flap, bladder mucosa , buccal mucosa and biological patch can be used in urethral repair and construction of failed urethroplasty for hypos -padias.Urethral sound dilation plays an important role in hypospadias repair .