Objective:To understand the characteristics and practice of standardized training for resident in psychiatric department,providing a reference for other hospitals in the similar situation.Methods:Using qualitative method,in-depth interview and focus group interview were carried out with clinical teaching and teaching management experts of a tertiary hospital,to understand the characteristics,practice,and deficiencies of resident doctors standardized training for psychiatrists.Results:Focusing on clinical operation,psychotherapy,and communication capability were the major characteristics of resident doctors' standardized training for psychiatrists in this hospital.Though this hospital did positive trials on guarantee system improvement,outpatient and inpatient training combination,and training content expansion,it was not perfect enough in united training and training pattern.Conclusions:The psychiatry resident's standardized training for psychiatrists should establish complete standards of performance for united training,strengthen training mechanism and training mode,and make full use of modem distance education resources to further improve quality of the psychiatric residency training.

Objective To investigate the long-term prognosis and possible risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)following cardiac surgeries. Methods Clinical data of 941 patients undergoing open heart surgery from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Survival and renal function of above patients were informed through telephone or clinic follow-up till February 2010.Long-term survival was analyzed using risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Of the 941 patients after cardiac surgery,275(29.2%)developed AKI and 666(70.8%)did not.Survival was worse in patients with AKI(67.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.01)and was proportional to its severity (AKIN 1,2 and 3 stages:70.7%,62.3%and 58.6%,P<0.01).Although 90.5% of patients had complete renal recovery after AKI at discharge of hospital,they still had an increased risk for death during follow-up compared with patients without AKI (69.6% vs 85.6%,P<0.01).In the Cox proportional hazards regression model,age(HR=2.238),anemia (HR=1.625),prolonged operation time (HR=1.153),AKI severity (HR=1.473)were independent risk factors for long-term prognosis after cardiac surgery.At the end of the follow-up,patients with AKI had statistically higher Scr than non-AKI patients(107.6 μmol/L vs 83.0 μmol/L,P=0.014),and among those AKI patients,34.0%progressed into CKD 3-5 stages,34.8%developed double serum creatinine. Conclusions AKI is a risk factor for the long-term prognosis of cardiac surgery.Patients with complete renal recovery after AKI still has an increased risk for death and poor renal function compared with patients without AKI.

As a novel transdermal drug delivery technology of minimally invasive, safe and efficient, microneedles have received increasing attention. The microchannels formation by microneedles onto the skin is a prerequisite and key for microneedles to deliver drugs. However, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation in skin microchannels. This review summarized influencing factors and evaluation methods in microchannels formation and healing by microneedles, including geometric parameters, materials for preparation, drugs, penetration parameters, differences among the skin of subjects, and presence or absence of occlusion. This review provides reference for other scholars to further study the effectiveness and security of microneedle applications.

Objective To investigate the value of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and their combination in predicting the development and the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery in adults. Methods Scr,urinary L-FABP and NGAL corrected by urine creatinine at preoperation,0 h and 2 h postoperative time points were examined.The differences of above indexes between AKI and non-AKI groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves and area under curves (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of urinary L-FABP,NGAL and their combination for AKI. Results The cohort consisted of 109 patients,26(23.9％) developed AKI,and AKIN stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 46.2％,34.6％ and 19.2％ respectively.Levels of urinary L-FABP and NGAL were significantly higher in AKI patients at 0 h and 2 h postoperatively.AUC to predict AKI or AKI stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ was 0.81 to 0.87 using either of the biomarkers.The performance of combining two biomarkers was better with AUC of 0.911 to 0.927. Conclusions Urinary L-FABP and NGAL increase at the early stage after cardiac surgery.Combination of these two biomarkers enhances the accuracy of the early diagnosis of postoperative AKI after cardiac surgery before a rise of Scr.

Objective The protective effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion ( IR) injury via anti-apoptotic signaling is well established , but the underlying mechanism remains unclear .This study was to investigate whether H 2 S could protect cardiomyocytes from endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS)-mediated apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation ( HR) injury by regulating the expression of microRNA-455 ( miR-455 ) . Methods Cardiomyocytes from neonatal SD rats were primarily cultured and the model of HR injury was established .The cardiomyocytes were divided into a control group (normally cultured for 27 hours), an HR group (subjected to HR injury), and an H2S protection group (pretreated with the precursor of H2S NaHS at 40 μmol/L at 30 min before HR treatment followed by the same procedure as in the HR group ) .The cell viability was monitored by MTT , the release of lactate de-hydrogenase ( LDH) in the culture supernatant measured by full-automatic chemical analysis , and the apoptosis rate of the cardiomyo-cytes detected by flow cytometry .The mRNA and protein expressions of Grp 78 and caspase-12 were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western bot .To verify whether miR-455 was involved in the ERS-mediated apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes , the cells were subjec-ted to HR after transfected with miR-455 mimic or anti-miR-455 oligonucleotide (AMO) for 24 hours, followed by detection of the ex-pressions of Grp78 and caspase-12. Results After HR injury, the H2 S protection group showed an enhanced viability of the cardio-myocytes in comparison with the control group ([67.02 ±6.90] vs [29.27 ±5.66] %), an decreased LDH release ([91.33 ± 10.63] vs [168.17 ±15.38] U/L), and a reduced rate of cell apoptosis ([13.98 ±1.90] vs [24.31 ±2.79] %).H2 S pretreat-ment significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Grp 78 and caspase-12 (1.66 ±0.39 vs 2.56 ±0.34;1.75 ± 0.32 vs 2.54 ±0.48;2.01 ±0.45 vs 3.26 ±0.34;1.85 ±0.52 vs 3.21 ±0.84, P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of Grp78 and caspase-12 were evidently increased after transfection with miR-455 mimic (3.56 ±0.37 vs 1.00 ±0.00;3.61 ±0.41 vs 1.00 ±0.00;2.87 ±0.38 vs 1.00 ±0.00;2.98 ±0.49 vs 1.00 ±0.00), but remarkably decreased after transfection with miR-455 AMO (0.62 ±0.16 vs 1.00 ±0.00;0.65 ±0.13 vs 1.00 ±0.00;0.54 ±0.13 vs 1.00 ±0.00;0.62 ±0.16 vs 1.00 ±0.00, P<0.05). Conclusion H2S could protect cardiomyocytes from HR injury by regulating the expression of miR-455 and reducing ERS-mediated cell apoptosis .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of lycium bararum polysaccharides (LBP) on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and expressions of P53 and P16 and explore the mechanism of LBP against aging.

METHODSHUVECs cultured in vitro were stimulated with 1×10(-6) mmol/L AngII to induce cell senescence, which was identified using β-gal staining. Flow cytometry was used for analyzing the cell cycle changes, and the cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 method. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of P53 and P16 in the exposed cells.

RESULTSCompared with the control cells, the cells positive for β-gal staining was significantly increased in AngII group, and showed cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase with decreased S-phase cell percentage and cell viability. The expression levels of P53 and P16 were significantly increased in the cells with AngII exposure (P<0.05). LBP treatment of AngII-exposed cells resulted in decreased β-gal-positive cells with a reduction in G(0)/G(1) phase cells and an increase in S phase cells. LBP treatment also increased the cell viability and significantly decreased the expression levels of P53 and P16 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONLBP can delay AngII-induced aging of HUVECs possibly by down-regulating the expression of P53 and P15.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bleomycin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemangioma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, and the mRNA expression of AD related protiens. Methods Bovine serum albumin-AGEs (BSA-AGEs) were prepared by incubation of BSA with glucose in vitro. SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations of BSA-AGEs. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry; mRNA levels of APLP1, IL-6 and HMGB-1 were determined by RT-PCR. Results After incubation with BSA-AGEs for 48 h, SH-SYSY cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced; the cells were found to be arrested at G1/G0; these effects were dose-dependent. RT-PCR results showed that mRNA levels of IL-6, APLP1 and HMGB-1 were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion BSA-AGEs inhibit the cell proliferation and induce the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, and stimulate the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a possible important role of AGEs in pathogenesis and development of AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling treatment on expression of Sox9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type X collagen (ColX) in impaired cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore its possible mechanisms.

METHODSForty New Zealand rabbits were randomized equally into normal control group, KOA model group, eletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling group (CN group), and normal thrust needing group (NTN group). In the latter 3 groups, KOA was induced by Hulth-Telhag treatment and evaluated with X-ray examination, and 6 weeks after the modeling, eletroacupuncture for 20 min was administered in CN and NTN groups at the acupoints "Zusanli", "Waixiyan", "Neixiyan", "Liangqiu" and "Yinlingquan" in the left knee joints once daily for 5 days as a treatment cycle. After 5 treatment cycles, the rabbits were examined for behavioral changes, cartilage morphology, and Mankin scores; The protein and mRNA expressions of S0x9, VEGF, and ColX were examined using Westen blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR as appropriate.

RESULTSThe rabbits in the model, CN and NTN groups showed significant changes in behaviors and cartilage histomorphology after the modeling and after the treatments. HE staining showed that cartilage injury was repaired and tended to recovery in CN and NTN groups. The cartilage pathologies was severer in the model group than in the normal control, CN and NTN groups (P<0.01); Sox9 protein increased and VEGF mRNA level decreased in CN and NTN groups after treatment as compared with those in the model group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEletroacupuncture with close-to-bone needling can effectively improve KOA in rabbits probably by enhancing Sox9 and reducing VEGF and ColX expressions in the cartilage to inhibit hypertrophic differentiation of the chondrocytes, maintain chondrogenic phenotype and repair cartilage cells.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Chondrogenesis ; Collagen Type X ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy ; Rabbits ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between altered levels of neurotransmitters in the frontal lobe and hippocampus and behavioral abnormalities in a Clock variant mice modeling bipolar disorder manic disorder. METHODS: Open field test and Elevated plus-maze test were carried out on the Clock mutant and wild-type control groups. The frontal lobe and hippocampus of Clock mutant mice and controls were dissected, and neurotransmitters in tissue extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentration of neurotransmitters and behavioral indicators were assessed by t test and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The Clock mutant mice showed a significant increase in activity, albeit with no difference in the level of anxiety from the wild-type controls, which suggested that the Clock mutant mice can be used as a model for manic attack of bipolar disorder. Altered neurotransmitter levels were detected in the frontal and hippocampal regions, including elevated histamine in the left hippocampus, reduced histamine in the right hippocampus, reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in bilateral hippocampus, elevated dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the left frontal lobe and reduced DOPA in the right hippocampus, and decreased glutamine in bilateral frontal lobes. The reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus correlated with the increased activity of Clock mutant mice. CONCLUSION Clock mutant mice showed abnormal behavior with increased activity. Reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus were correlated with increased activity.