Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize pathogens associated molecular of micro-organisms,leading to activation of the downstream signal transduction pathway and participate in innate and adaptive immune response.TLRs can also recognize endogenous danger signaling molecule and therefore be involved in pathogenesis of many low-grade chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.TLRs are always expressed on immune cells,and recent studies confirmed that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells also express TLRs.This review focuses on the research progress of fundus diseases and TLRs,such as the recognition of exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and endogenous danger signals in fundus,induction of inflammatory response,phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by RPE and angiogenesis of fundus diseases.

To investigate the genotype distributions of PLA1/PLA2 polymorphism in Chinese Han population from Beijing and Hebei Province and to study the correlation between the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD with blood-stasis syndrome.

AIM:To investigate the genotype distributions of HPA-3 in Han people from Beijing and Hebei province,and to study the association of the platelet glycoprotein IIb polymorphism with coronary heart disease(CHD).METHODS:Two hundred and twelve patients with coronary heart disease and 106 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study.The number of occlusive coronary artery was performed in all subjects.The genotypes of HPA-3 were determined by TaqMan probe technology.RESULTS:In CHD patients(older than 45 years)carriers of HPA-3b were over-represented compared with healthy controls(P

Objective To analyze the DNA methylation status of polyploid complex of Pinellia ternata. Methods Methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism(MSAP) technique was carried out to analyze the methylation status of polyploid complex of P.ternata. Thirty-four selective primer amplifications were used to check the status of cytosine methylation DNA samples. Results A total of 7 708 bands were obtained.Among them 5 636 bands,each representing a recognition site cleaved by one or both of the isoschizomers(Hpa Ⅱ and Msp Ⅰ),were amplified.Furthermore,methylation patterns varied among the four polyploids:heptaploid,octoploid,nonuploid,and decaploid.Total and full methylation levels in P.ternata were 54%-58% and 24.1%-24.3%.All types of MSAP patterns detected in the study belonged to two classes,type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. 52.5% of detected bands belonged to Type Ⅰ; Another 47.5% were type Ⅱ,which showed the methylation differences among the four polyploids. Conclusion The results demonstrate DNA methylation events occur in P.ternata and the general methylation levels are higher.

Bone Density Conservation Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diphosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Quality of Life

Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; blood ; congenital ; diagnosis

Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pn) is an opportunity pathogenic bacteria,environmental factors play a key role in the pathogenicity of S.pn. It is important to study virulent gene in vivo. The S.pn suicide plasmid containing gfp reporter was constructed by fusing the genes pneumolysin and gfp,in which gfp is an excellent molecule probe in vivo. The plasmid was integrated to No.22 S.pn by homologous recombination. The recombinant S.pn was gained and evaluated in aspects of fluorescence excitation, biological character and physio-activity. The results showed it is efficient and available to report the expression of virulent genes in vivo and in vitro, which will provide a new easy method for evaluating and screening the virulent genes of S.pn in vivo.

Objective To study the protective effect of total flavones of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods A model of renal I/R was made by clamping double renal pedical for 60 min and reperfusion for 24 h.TFHL (30 or 60 mg/kg) was injected before clamping renal ischemia. The level of serum urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1(IL-1) in serum were detected after reperfusion for 1 and 24 h,respectively,and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and erythrocuprein (SOD) in renal tissues were measured after reperfusion for 24 h.Results TFHL significantly decreased the level of BUN and Scr, decreased the concentration of TNF-? and IL-1 in serum. Pretreatment with TFHL also enhanced the activity of SOD reduced the concentration of MDA in renal after I/R.Conclusions TFHL has significantly protective effect on renal I/R and markedly improve the renal function. The mec-hanisms are associated with decreasing the lipid peroxidation reaction and reducing the level of TNF-? and IL-1.

Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC method to determine the contents of paeoniflorin, acteoside, ferulic acid, leonurine hydrochloride, hesperidin, paeonol, baicalin, asperosaponin VI, limonin, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, and pachymic acid in Tiaojing Pills. Methods: The determination was performed on a Venusil MP-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with ethanol-acetonitrile (40∶60, A) and 0.2% phosphoric acid (B) as mobile phases for gradient elution, at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; The column temperature was 45 ℃. Results: The nine components were well separated and showed good linearity, such as paeoniflorin 0.5-50.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 5), acteoside 0.1-10.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 1), ferulic acid 0.2-20.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 2), leonurine hydrochloride 0.3-30.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 3), hesperidin 4.0-400.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 8), paeonol 0.2-20.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 1), baicalin 0.6-60.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 4), asperosaponin VI 1.5-150.0 mg/L (r = 0.999 8), limonin 7.0-700. 0 mg/L (r = 0.999 9), atractylenolide I 0.5-50. 0 mg/L (r = 0.999 3), atractylenolide III 0.5-50. 0 mg/L (r = 0.999 4), and pachymic acid 1.0-100. 0 mg/L (r = 0.999 6). The precision was good, RSD ≤ 0.97%, the repeatability was good in terms of RSD ≤ 1.25% and the recovery rate was 98.5%-103.5% (RSD ≤ 1.24%). Test solution was stable at room temperature within 24 h. The contents of twelve batches of the paeoniflorin, acteoside, ferulic acid, leonurine hydrochloride, hesperidin, paeonol, baicalin, asperosaponin VI, limonin, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III and pachymic acid were 4.328-4.688, 0.033-0.054, 0.073-0.091, 0.177-0.199, 0.243-0.283, 0.043-0.069, 1.144-1.173, 0.037-0.061, 0.094-0.126, 0.127-0.157, 0.155-0.179, and 0.285-0.327 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: The method is rapid and has high sensitivity, high accuracy, and good specificity, It can be applied to the quality control of Tiaojing Pills.